The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
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DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,101–2,200 of 4,515
12 weeks of strength training improves fluid cognition in older adults: A nonrandomized pilot trial
Macaulay, T. R., Pa, J., Kutch, J. J., Lane, C. J., Duncan, D., Yan, L., & Schroeder, E. T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255018 · Cited by 15
“Gait speed is an important marker of vitality that can predict the life expectancy of older adults [31].”
BackgroundCoyle, P. C., Knox, P. J., Pohlig, R. T., et al. (2021) · ACR Open Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/acr2.11342 · Cited by 12
“Because performancebased and selfreported measures of physical function have robust predictive ability regarding poor health outcomes (26,41,42) and because older adults with chronic LBP are at higher risk for physical function decline (43,44), it is imperative to identify potentially modifiable factors for interventi…”
Lee, M., Noh, Y., Youm, C., Kim, S., Park, H., Noh, B., Kim, B., Choi, H., & Yoon, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211816 · Cited by 12
“Consequently, the walking speed is a predictor of mortality in elderly adults [21].”
BackgroundWalha, R., Gaudreault, N., Dagenais, P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/s13047-022-00521-y · Cited by 12
“2 m/s: the lower limit of the confidence interval for normative gait speed [17, 51]).”
BackgroundKim, M., Oh, J.-H., & Won, C. W. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074201 · Cited by 12
Harris, R., Parimi, N., Cawthon, P. M., Strotmeyer, E. S., Boudreau, R. M., Brach, J. S., Kwoh, C. K., & Cauley, J. A. (2022) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-022-06390-2 · Cited by 12
“Although grip strength has been shown to be cross-sectionally associated with lower-extremity strength, [27] assessment of lower extremity power may be a stronger predictor of fracture [16, 17, 29, 30].”
BackgroundGao, W., Dai, P., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03189-y · Cited by 12
“It is associated with decreased quality of life, increased dependency on others and healthcare costs, and early mortality [3, 4].”
BackgroundJones, D. L., Selfe, T. K., Wen, S., Eicher, J. L., Wilcox, S., & Mancinelli, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0274 · Cited by 12
Zhou, Y., Lin, C., Zhu, L., Zhang, R., Cheng, L., & Chang, Y. (2022) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5137 · Cited by 12
Chubanava, S., & Treebak, J. T. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112109 · Cited by 16
Knox, P. J., Simon, C. B., Pohlig, R. T., Pugliese, J. M., Coyle, P. C., Sions, J. M., & Hicks, G. E. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.012 · Cited by 11
Laboratory and free-living gait performance in adults with COPD and healthy controls
Buekers, J., Megaritis, D., Koch, S., et al. (2023) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00159-2023 · Cited by 12
“It is an important predictor of multiple falls [11], incident disability and mortality in older adults [14].”
BackgroundMalem, D. N., Smith, J. D. S., Toma, A. K., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3109/02688697.2014.950630 · Cited by 12
Neurological update: emerging issues in gait disorders
Lewis, S. J. G. (2015) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-015-7686-7 · Cited by 12
Continuous Gait Velocity Analysis Using Ambient Sensors in a Smart Home
Aicha, A. N., Englebienne, G., & Kröse, B. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26005-1_15 · Cited by 12
Pérez‐Zepeda, M. U., González-Chavero, J. G., Salinas-Martínez, R., & Gutiérrez‐Robledo, L. M. (2015) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2015.63 · Cited by 12
Capecci, M., Ceravolo, M. G., D'Orazio, F., Ferracuti, F., Iarlori, S., Lazzaro, G., Longhi, S., Romeo, L., & Verdini, F. (2015) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7320257 · Cited by 12
Evidence of Improved Efficiency in Functional Gains During Subacute Inpatient Rehabilitation
Kuys, S. S., Burgess, K., Fleming, J., Varghese, P. N., & McPhail, S. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000000491 · Cited by 12
“Gait speed has been identified as the Bsixth vital sign[ of geriatric assessment,(28) reflecting the strong links and predictive associations with future health status and mortality.(29,30) Another factor which may help explain these differences may be the time from acute episode onset to rehabilitation admission.”
BackgroundAdonis, A., & Taylor, G. P. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157132 · Cited by 12
“The severity of their neuro-disability is highlighted by their slower household gait speeds, high dependence for ADL’s, a 1.5 fold greater likelihood of falling and insufficient gait speed to cross a road.”
BackgroundInfluentialDialytic hemodynamics are associated with changes in gait speed
Wolfgram, D. F., Lathara, Z., Szabó, A., & Whittle, J. (2016) · Hemodialysis International · doi:10.1111/hdi.12515 · Cited by 13
Verlinden, V. J. A., de Kruijf, M., Bierma‐Zeinstra, S., et al. (2017) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.03.009 · Cited by 12
Physiotherapy Effects in Gait Speed in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Tani, K., Kola, I., Dhamaj, F., et al. (2018) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.126 · Cited by 12
“[30] reported that when walking at the same speed, hip, knee, and ankle (plantar flexor) extensor muscle activations increased during uphill walking, but only the knee extensor muscle (quadriceps muscle) activations increased during downhill walking.”
BackgroundSun, J., Brown, T. T., Samuels, D. C., Hulgan, T., DʼSouza, G., Jamieson, B. D., Erlandson, K. M., Martinson, J. J., Palella, F. J., Margolick, J. B., et al. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciy151 · Cited by 12
“Gait speed is an independent measure of physical function and a component of the assessment of frailty and has been shown to predict functional decline, hospitalization, disability, and deaths among older adults [6, 9].”
BackgroundMeta-analysis identifies mitochondrial DNA sequence variants associated with walking speed
Manini, T. M., Buford, T. W., Kairalla, J. A., McDermott, M. M., Fragoso, C. A. V., Fielding, R. A., Hsu, F., Johannsen, N. M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Harris, T. B., et al. (2018) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-018-0043-x · Cited by 13
Frehlich, L., Friedenreich, C. M., Nettel‐Aguirre, A., Schipperijn, J., & McCormack, G. R. (2018) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2018-0016 · Cited by 12
“…and walking in older adults found that the most frequently reported perceived neighborhood de fi nition was a 10 – 20-m walk from home (Barnett et al., 2017) which, based on an average walking speed of older adults, equates to about a 550 to 1100-m from home (Studenski, Perera, Patel, & Al, 2011).”
BackgroundFour-meter gait speed predicts daily physical activity in patients with chronic respiratory diseases
Yoshida, C., Ichiyasu, H., Ideguchi, H., Hirosako, S., Masunaga, A., Kojima, K., Saeki, S., Fujii, K., Sakagami, T., & Kohrogi, H. (2019) · Respiratory Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2019.03.009 · Cited by 11
Biologic Mechanisms Linked to Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer that May Be Affected by Aging
Chon, H. S., Sehovic, M., Marchion, D. C., Walko, C. M., Xiong, Y., & Extermann, M. (2019) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.29611 · Cited by 12
“IL-6 rise is also associated with obesity, comorbidity burden, leukocytosis, and slower walking speed, a robust predictor of mortality [52, 53].”
BackgroundIoT Sensing Networks for Gait Velocity Measurement
Chou, J., Shih, C., Wang, W.-D., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science · doi:10.2478/amcs-2019-0018 · Cited by 12
Prosthetic Disuse Leads to Lower Balance Confidence in a Long-Term User of a Transtibial Prosthesis
Rosenblatt, N. J., Stachowiak, A., & Reddin, C. (2019) · Advances in Wound Care · doi:10.1089/wound.2019.1086 · Cited by 12
“18 Slower walking speed may also increase the amount of time required to complete”
Small Steps in Fitness, Major Leaps in Health for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Oppewal, A., Festen, D. A. M., & Hilgenkamp, T. I. M. (2020) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000216 · Cited by 12
“0 m·s−1 cutoff point, often used as a cutoff point for increased mortality risk (22,28).”
BackgroundInfluentialBiomarkers of frailty: Moving the field forward
Picca, A., & Calvani, R. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110868 · Cited by 12
İnter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the extended TUG test in elderly participants
Bedoya, J., Rodríguez-González, M. D. M., González‐Sánchez, M., et al. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-1460-0 · Cited by 12
Verdecchia, D. H., Monzón, A. M., Jaimes, V. U., et al. (2020) · Archives of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1186/s40945-020-00083-x · Cited by 12
Taniguchi, N., Jinno, T., Endo, H., Wako, M., Tatsuno, R., Ochiai, S., & Haro, H. (2020) · Modern Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/14397595.2020.1823552 · Cited by 12
Marcos-Pardo, P. J., González-Gálvez, N., Gea-García, G. M., López-Vivancos, A., Espeso-García, A., & Vale, R. G. D. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197064 · Cited by 14
Promoting Active Aging: Lessons Learned in an Implementation Pilot in Primary Care
Callahan, K. E., Willard, J. J., Foley, K. L., Miller, M. E., Houston, D. K., Kritchevsky, S. B., Williamson, J. D., Applegate, W. B., Girma, F., Whitehead, S. E., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16838 · Cited by 12
“Mobility loss is associated with morbidity, disability, loss of independence, increased health costs, and mortality.(1-5) Despite research showing that interventions promoting PA preserve mobility,(6) few older adults in primary care are screened for mobility impairment or counseled on PA.”
BackgroundIs impaired dopaminergic function associated with mobility capacity in older adults?
Moskowitz, S., Russ, D. W., Clark, L. A., Wages, N. P., Grooms, D. R., Woods, A. J., Suhr, J. A., Simon, J. E., O’Shea, A. M., Criss, C. R., et al. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00303-z · Cited by 12
Gait Phase Detection Based on Muscle Deformation with Static Standing-Based Calibration
Miyake, T., Yamamoto, S., Hosono, S., Funabashi, S., Cheng, Z., Zhang, C., Tamaki, E., & Sugano, S. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21041081 · Cited by 13
“Chronic diseases caused by ageing are associated with a decline in walking ability [1,2].”
BackgroundShardell, M. D., Cappola, A. R., Guralnik, J. M., Hicks, G. E., Kritchevsky, S. B., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Semba, R. D., Shaffer, N. C., Harris, T. B., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab025 · Cited by 13
“Row (5) is the final number of women who contributed data and row (10) is the final number of men who contributed data.”
BackgroundWeight Loss through Lifestyle Intervention Improves Mobility in Older Adults
Albert, S. M., Venditti, E. M., Boudreau, R. M., Kieffer, L. A., Rager, J. R., Zgibor, J. C., Bilt, J. V., Danielson, M. E., Burke, L. E., Glynn, N. W., et al. (2021) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnab048 · Cited by 13
Correlation of 4-meter gait speed with clinical indicators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Nakano, T., Kimura, S., Yamashita, T., Yoshimi, M., Tao, Y., & Takata, S. (2021) · Respiratory Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2021.03.008 · Cited by 12
Thiel, A., Sudeck, G., Niess, A. M., Eschweiler, G. W., Altmeier, D., Haigis, D., Pomiersky, R., Schmid, J., & Frahsa, A. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100828 · Cited by 12
Mobility in Older Adults Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study
Liu, C., Seo, J., Lee, D., Wright, K., Tamura, M. K., Moye, J. A., Bean, J. F., & Weiner, D. E. (2021) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.010 · Cited by 12
Forman, D. E., Racette, S. B., Toto, P. E., Peterson, L. R., Glynn, N. W., Pruskowski, J. A., Byard, T. D., Delligatti, A., Lolley, R., Mulkareddy, V., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106633 · Cited by 11
Gait speed as a predictor of mortality in older men with cancer: A longitudinal study in Peru
Salazar, E. P. D., Barrueto-Deza, J. L., Urrunaga‐Pastor, D., Runzer-Colmenares, F. M., & Parodi, J. F. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08862 · Cited by 12
Rietdyk, S., Ambike, S., Amireault, S., Haddad, J. M., Lin, G., Newton, D. A., & Richards, E. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277406 · Cited by 12
“Note also that gait speed and health appear associated with each other (Fig 4C), consistent with the association between gait speed and health [48, 49].”
ResultMedijainen, K., Pääsuke, M., Lukmann, A., & Taba, P. (2015) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2015/519801 · Cited by 14
van Rooij, W. M. J., Senden, R. H. J., Heyligers, I. C., Cuppen, P. M. A. H., van Hemert, W. L. W., & Grimm, B. P. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1019010 · Cited by 14
Niveles de vitamina D en adultos mayores saludables chilenos y su relación con desempeño functional
Marcela Carrasco, G., Angélica Domínguez De, L., Gabriel Martínez, F., Sofía Ihle, S., Verónica Rojas, A., Arnaldo Foradori, C., & Pedro Paulo Marín, L. (2014) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872014001100004 · Cited by 12
The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on Obstacle Crossing Strategy in Older Adults
Chang, Y., Huang, C., & Chang, J. (2015) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438627.2015.1040920 · Cited by 12
Liang, S., Wang, W., Zhu, F.-L., Duan, S., Sun, X., Chen, X., & Cai, G. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019457 · Cited by 12
Ćwirlej-Sozańska, A. B., Wiśniowska-Szurlej, A., Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, A., Drużbicki, M., Sozański, B., Wołoszyn, N., & Guzik, A. (2018) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000202 · Cited by 11
Kamiya, K., Adachi, T., Kono, Y., Shibata, K., Kitamura, H., Izawa, H., & Yamada, S. (2019) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000417 · Cited by 12
Sakeran, H., Osman, N. A. A., & Majid, M. S. A. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9163306 · Cited by 12
“Stride speed has been used as a measure to predict survival rates in an elderly community [68,69].”
MethodVision-Based Gait Analysis for Senior CarePreprint
Xue, D., Sayana, A., Darke, E., et al. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.00169 · Cited by 12
“on, and health diagnostics [13]. Gait speed in particular has been shown to be a simple and effective measure of mobility level [10] for seniors living independently at home or senior care facilities [16]. Abnormal gait pattern has been shown to be an indicator of diseases such as progressive dementia, residual hemipl…”
BackgroundLang, C., van Dieën, J. H., Brodie, M. A. D., Welzel, J., Maetzler, W., Singh, N. B., & Ravi, D. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1455692 · Cited by 9
“When only looking at studies calculating walking-related digital mobility outcomes, similar to the laboratory, gait speed is commonly evaluated, as it is often considered as the “final common expression” of locomotor control (38, 39).”
BackgroundEngdal, M., Taraldsen, K., Jansen, C.-P., Peter, R. S., Vereijken, B., Becker, C., Helbostad, J. L., & Klenk, J. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afae234 · Cited by 13
“Mobility is a crucial aspect of human life and a significant marker of health and function [6, 7].”
BackgroundSmartBoot: Real-Time Monitoring of Patient Activity via Remote Edge Computing Technologies
Cay, G., Lee, M., Armstrong, D. G., et al. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25144490 · Cited by 11
van Erck, D., Dolman, C. D., Limpens, J., Reimer, W. J. M. S. O., Henriques, J. P. S., Delewi, R., & Schoufour, J. D. (2022) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afac211 · Cited by 12
Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia
Schweighofer, N., Haudum, C. W., Trummer, O., Lind, A., Kolesnik, E., Mursic, I., Schmidt, A. G., Scherr, D., Zirlik, A., Pieber, T. R., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14245400 · Cited by 11
Correlates of Gait Speed Among Older Adults From 6 Countries: Findings From the COSMIC Collaboration
Sprague, B. N., Zhu, X., Rosso, A. L., Verghese, J., Delbaere, K., Lipnicki, D. M., Sachdev, P. S., Ng, T. P., Gwee, X., Yap, K. B., et al. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad090 · Cited by 12
High-velocity resistance training improves executive function in mobility-limited older adults
Feter, N., Schaun, G. Z., Smith, E. C., Cassuriaga, J., Alt, R., Redig, L., Alberton, C. L., Coombes, J. S., & Rombaldi, A. J. (2023) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2023.105081 · Cited by 16
Uneven surface and cognitive dual-task independently affect gait quality in older adults
Suri, A., VanSwearingen, J. M., Rosano, C., Brach, J. S., Redfern, M. S., Sejdić, E., & Rosso, A. L. (2023) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.08.010 · Cited by 12
Smitheman, H. P., Lundberg, M., Härnesand, M., Gelfgren, S., & Silbernagel, K. G. (2023) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100557 · Cited by 12
Olfaction and Mobility in Older Adults
Yuan, Y., Chamberlin, K. W., Li, C., Luo, Z., Simonsick, E. M., Kucharska‐Newton, A., & Chen, H. (2024) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.4375 · Cited by 11
Clinical Trials for Special Populations: Children, Older Adults, and Rare Diseases
Jacobson, R. M., Pignolo, R. J., & Lazaridis, K. N. (2024) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.03.003 · Cited by 13
Simon, K. E., Russell, K. J., Mondino, A., Yang, C.-C., Case, B. C., Anderson, Z., Whitley, C., Griffith, E. H., Gruen, M. E., & Olby, N. J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63031-w · Cited by 10
How do people with COPD walk? A European study on digitally measured real-world gait
Delgado‐Ortiz, L., Buekers, J., Chynkiamis, N., Demeyer, H., Frei, A. L., Gimeno‐Santos, E., Hansen, C., Hausdorff, J. M., Hopkinson, N. S., Jansen, C.-P., et al. (2025) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02303-2024 · Cited by 12
Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Predictor of Mortality in the Elderly Population
Jung, H., Kim, S. W., Chin, H. J., Kim, C., & Kim, K. I. (2013) · Korean Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjm.2013.85.2.167 · Cited by 11
Yajima, Y., Kikutani, T., Tamura, F., & Yoshida, M. (2017) · Odontology · doi:10.1007/s10266-016-0289-7 · Cited by 11
Clusters of functional domains to identify older persons at risk of disability
Costanzo, L., Pedone, C., Cesari, M., Ferrucci, L., Bandinelli, S., & Incalzi, R. A. (2017) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13226 · Cited by 11
Dizziness and (Fear of) Falling in The Elderly: A Few Facts
Vanspauwen, R. (2018) · The Journal of International Advanced Otology · doi:10.5152/iao.2018.0201815 · Cited by 11
Emerging Interventions for Elderly Patients—The Promise of Regenerative Medicine
Miller, R. R., & Roubenoff, R. (2018) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1272 · Cited by 11
“Of daily activities, mobility is perhaps the most important to independence; however, among the older adult population, mobility difficulties are not only common but their presence is associated with poor quality of life and risk of future disability and mortality.(13,14) Minimum levels of lowerextremity strength and…”
BackgroundParticipants' Perceptions and the Implementation of a Physical Fitness Screen for Aging Adults
Puthoff, M. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000241 · Cited by 9
Judd, D. L., Cheuy, V. A., Forster, J. E., et al. (2019) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz109 · Cited by 11
Hirabayashi, R., Takahashi, Y., Nagata, K., Morimoto, T., Wakata, K., Nakagawa, A., Tachikawa, R., Otsuka, K., & Tomii, K. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2020.02.57 · Cited by 15
Physical domain of the Kihon Checklist: A possible surrogate for physical function tests
Satake, S., Kinoshita, K., Matsui, Y., & Arai, H. (2020) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13916 · Cited by 11
Exercise effects on backward walking speed in people with dementia: A randomized controlled trial
Toots, A., Lundin‐Olsson, L., Nordström, P., et al. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.12.028 · Cited by 11
Lee, W., Peng, L., Lin, M.-H., Loh, C., & Chen, L. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203383 · Cited by 13
“1 m/s walking speed reduced 12% risk of 10-year mortality [5].”
BackgroundThe Live Long Walk Strong Rehabilitation Program Study: Design and Methods
Harris, R., Brach, J. S., Moye, J. A., Ogawa, E. F., Ward, R. E., Halasz, I., & Bean, J. F. (2022) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100205 · Cited by 11
“Notably, this association between walking speed and poor outcomes is independent of disease status.(3,5) It is estimated that by 2040 the annual health care costs attributed to slow gait speed and associated health conditions will be $42 billion.”
BackgroundDevelopment of a Novel Accelerometry-Based Performance Fatigability Measure for Older Adults
Qiao, Y., Harezlak, J., Moored, K., Urbanek, J. K., Boudreau, R. M., Toto, P. E., Hawkins, M., Santanasto, A. J., Schrack, J. A., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002966 · Cited by 11
“Higher PPFI scores from the fast-pacedwalkwere strongly negatively correlated with all physical function measures and leg peak power, whereas PPFI scores from the usual-paced walk were moderately negatively correlated with these measures, which all predict health decline (15,33,35,45).”
BackgroundJiang, G., & Wu, X. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13809 · Cited by 11
“A slower walking speed may reflect a damaged system, a high energy cost of walking, or diminished motor control (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundFactors Associated with Trajectories of Physical Activity Over 8 Years in Knee Osteoarthritis
Christensen, J. C., Jakiela, J. T., & White, D. K. (2022) · European Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2022.21155 · Cited by 12
Lin, C.-C., Bair, W.-N., & Willson, J. D. (2022) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2022.102982 · Cited by 13
Oddsson, L., Bisson, T. A., Cohen, H. S., Iloputaife, I., Jacobs, L., Kung, D. H., Lipsitz, L. A., Manor, B. D., McCracken, P., Rumsey, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.931048 · Cited by 11
Impact of number of functional teeth on independence of Japanese older adults
Maekawa, K., Ikeuchi, T., Shinkai, S., et al. (2022) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.14508 · Cited by 11
Hu, J., Yang, J., Yu, H., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14246144 · Cited by 12
“Gait speed was measured by calculating the speed of the patient walking on an 8 m straight line at daily speed in the hospital corridor [13,26].”
MethodFajardo, L., Sanchez, P., Salles, J., Rigaudière, J., Patrac, V., Caspar‐Bauguil, S., Bergoglgio, C., Moro, C., Walrand, S., & Bacquer, O. L. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00258.2022 · Cited by 11
“Furthermore, a low skeletal muscle mass/ strength is a predictor of morbidity and mortality (3, 4).”
BackgroundHip resurfacing arthroplasty in women: A novel ceramic device enables near normal gait function
Maslivec, A., Halewood, C., Clarke, S., & Cobb, J. P. (2023) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.05.015 · Cited by 12
Liang, S., Wang, Y., Wang, W., et al. (2023) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-023-03675-1 · Cited by 11
“Second, except for disease-specific endpoints (e.g., progression to end-stage renal disease), outcome measures, such as life expectancy, functional status, wellbeing, and other health-related quality-of-life assessments, should also be evaluated [44–47].”
BackgroundGait Monitoring and Analysis: A Mathematical Approach
Canonico, M., Desimoni, F., Ferrero, A., Grassi, P. A., Irwin, C., Campani, D., Molin, A. D., Panella, M., & Magistrelli, L. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23187743 · Cited by 11
“Gait analysis has long been recognized as a valuable tool in clinical research and rehabilitation settings [2].”
MethodThanarajasingam, G., Kluetz, P. G., Bhatnagar, V., Brown, A., Cathcart-Rake, E. J., Diamond, M., Faust, L. J., Fiero, M. H., Huntington, S. F., Jeffery, M. M., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074030 · Cited by 14
“26 27 The TUG has been used to predict falls in a cohort of geriatric patients with cancer, but the others have not been validated in broader cancer cohorts.”
MethodAssociation between clinical measures of sarcopenia in a sample of community-dwelling women
Šteffl, M., Bohannon, R. W., Kramperová, V., Musálek, M., Prajerova, K., Česák, P., Petr, M., Kohlíková, E., & Holmerová, I. (2015) · Isokinetics and Exercise Science · doi:10.3233/ies-140562 · Cited by 11
Iwata, A., Higuchi, Y., Sano, Y., Ogaya, S., Kataoka, M., Okuda, K., Iwata, H., & Fuchioka, S. (2014) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.02.001 · Cited by 10
Nelson, A. E., Elstad, E. A., DeVellis, R. F., et al. (2013) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.790490 · Cited by 11
Construct validity of the Modified Gait Efficacy Scale in older females
Goldberg, A., Talley, S. A., & Adamo, D. E. (2016) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.3109/09593985.2016.1138349 · Cited by 11
“While objective tests of walking have clinical utility in that they may predict falls (Shumway-Cook, Brauer, and Woollacott, 2000) or be associated with health and survival (Studenski et al, 2011) in older adults, they provide no information regarding perceived selfefficacy in walking.”
BackgroundPhysical Function Does Not Predict Care Assessment Need Score in Older Veterans
Serra, M. C., Addison, O. R., Giffuni, J., Paden, L., Morey, M. C., & Katzel, L. I. (2017) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464817690677 · Cited by 12
“Dysmobility is the current leading cause of long-term care admissions and both subjective (Fan et al., 2002; Inouye et al., 1998) and objective (Studenski et al., 2011; Wegrzynowska-Teodorczyk et al., 2013) measures of physical function are strong predictors of hospitalization and death.”
BackgroundInfluentialLocal Environment, Human Functions and the Elderly Depression and Anxiety
Khosravi, H., & Tehrani, S. O. (2017) · Ageing International · doi:10.1007/s12126-017-9312-8 · Cited by 12
Igari, R., Davy, P. M. C., Sato, H., Takahashi, Y., Iseki, C., Kato, H., Sato, H., Koyama, S., Ishizawa, K., Allsopp, R., et al. (2018) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.12.038 · Cited by 11
Baptista, L. C. P., Jaeger, B. C., Anton, S. D., Bavry, A. A., Handberg, E. M., Gardner, A. K., Harper, S. A., Roberts, L. M., Sandesara, B. D., Carter, C. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8020196 · Cited by 11
“incidence of stroke and adverse events after cardiac surgery [5], as well as with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality [2,4,7].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
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