The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
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DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,701–1,800 of 4,515
Frailty and kidney transplant candidates
Pérez‐Sáez, M. J., Gutiérrez-Dalmau, Á., Moreso, F., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Pascual, J. (2021) · Nefrología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.08.003 · Cited by 19
Electrical muscle stimulation: Application and potential role in aging society
Moritani, T. (2021) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102598 · Cited by 22
Cohen, A. A., Leung, D. L., Legault, V., Gravel, D., Blanchet, F. G., Côté, A., Fülöp, T., Lee, J., Dufour, F., Liu, M., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104385 · Cited by 19
“80 for predicting 5-year mortality in individuals aged 65 years or older, when combined to age and sex (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialMiner, B., Doyle, M., Knauert, M. P., Yaggi, H. K., Stone, K. L., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Cauley, J. A., Redline, S. S., Blackwell, T., & Gill, T. M. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18195 · Cited by 20
Lee, S., Lee, H.-J., Kim, K., Lee, B., & Kim, Y. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12122077 · Cited by 19
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among older adults and may also be a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized impairments in multiple organ systems that affect survival [46,47].”
BackgroundDoshi, K. B., Moon, S. H., WHITAKER, M. D., & Lockhart, T. E. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-27788-w · Cited by 19
Bueno, V., & Frasca, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2023.1117502 · Cited by 19
“Decreased physical function in the ageing population has been related with disability, loss of independence, higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (Newman et al., 2006; Shaw et al., 2006; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundFunctional Aging: Integrating Functionality to a Multidimensional Assessment of Healthy Aging
Frangos, E., Graf, C. E., & Samaras, N. (2023) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2023/9409918 · Cited by 27
“Additionally, general gait speed [49] and low limb muscle strength measured by the chair stand test [50] were predictors of mortality.”
Bianchini, E., Galli, S., Alborghetti, M., Carolis, L. D., Zampogna, A., Hansen, C., Vuillerme, N., Suppa, A., & Pontieri, F. E. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23218971 · Cited by 19
Pua, Y., Yeo, S.-J., Clark, R. A., Tan, B. Y., Haines, T. P., Bettger, J. P., Woon, E.-L., Tan, H. H., Tan, J. W.-M., Low, J. K. M.-S., et al. (2023) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2023.11.017 · Cited by 21
Brain control of dual-task walking can be improved in aging and neurological disease
Holtzer, R., Choi, J., Motl, R. W., Foley, F. W., Wagshul, M. E., Hernandez, M. E., & İzzetoğlu, M. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-01054-3 · Cited by 20
“The decline in walking performance is associated with a multitude of adverse health outcomes including higher rates of morbidity, more hospitalizations, poorer quality of life, and mortality [39–42].”
Hamsanathan, S., Anthonymuthu, T. S., Prosser, D., Lokshin, A. E., Greenspan, S. L., Resnick, N. M., Perera, S., Okawa, S., Narasimhan, G., & Gurkar, A. U. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14104 · Cited by 20
Horiuchi, M., Endo, J., Horiuchi, Y., & Abe, D. (2015) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2015.06.001 · Cited by 21
van Houwelingen, A. H., den Elzen, W. P. J., Mooijaart, S. P., Heijmans, M., Blom, J. W., de Craen, A. J. M., & Gussekloo, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058050 · Cited by 19
Gait speed and hospitalization among ambulatory hemodialysis patients: USRDS special study data
Kutner, N. G. (2014) · World Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.5527/wjn.v3.i3.101 · Cited by 19
Kitayuguchi, J., Kamada, M., Hamano, T., et al. (2015) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12432 · Cited by 19
Seino, S., Kim, M., Yabushita, N., Nemoto, M., Jung, S., Osuka, Y., Okubo, Y., Matsuo, T., & Tanaka, K. (2011) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.11.011 · Cited by 19
Hackshaw‐McGeagh, L., Lane, J. A., Persad, R. A., Gillatt, D. A., Holly, J. M. P., Koupparis, A. J., Rowe, E., Johnston, L., Cloete, J., Shiridzinomwa, C., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1248-x · Cited by 19
Choo, W. Y., Hairi, N. N., Sooryanarayana, R., Yunus, R. M., Hairi, F. M., Ismail, N., Kandiben, S., Ali, Z. M., Ahmad, S. N., Razak, I. A., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011057 · Cited by 19
“Walking speed has been reported to be a good predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people(41) and was associated with survival of older individuals.(42)”
BackgroundAnálise de métodos para detectar sarcopenia em idosas independentes da comunidade
de Paula, J. A., Wamser, E. L., Gomes, A. R. S., Valderramas, S., Neto, J. C., & Schieferdecker, M. E. M. (2016) · Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia · doi:10.1590/1809-98232016019.140233 · Cited by 19
Kinematic Mechanisms of How Power Training Improves Healthy Old Adults’ Gait Velocity
Beijersbergen, C. M. I., Granacher, U., Gäbler, M., DeVita, P., & Hortobágyi, T. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001082 · Cited by 23
Actigraphy features for predicting mobility disability in older adults
Kheirkhahan, M., Tudor-Locke, C. E., Axtell, R. S., Buman, M. P., Fielding, R. A., Glynn, N. W., Guralnik, J. M., King, A. C., White, D. K., Miller, M. E., et al. (2016) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/37/10/1813 · Cited by 18
“All participants were able to walk 400 m at baseline, but participants walking slower than <0.80 m/sec were defined as having mobility impairments (Perera et al. 2015; Studenski et al. 2011.)”
InfluentialHsiao, S.-M., Tsai, Y., Chen, H., Lin, M., Chiu, Y., Chen, T.-H., Wang, S., Hsiao, P.-N., Kung, L., Hwang, S., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165400 · Cited by 19
Comparison of two techniques for monitoring of human movements
Wagner, J., Mazurek, P., Miękina, A., Morawski, R. Z., Jacobsen, F. F., Sudmann, T. T., Børsheim, I. T., Øvsthus, K., & Ciamulski, T. (2017) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.04.024 · Cited by 19
Frith, E., Addoh, O., Mann, J. R., Windham, B. G., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.019 · Cited by 19
Relationship between subjective visual vertical and balance in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Klatt, B. N., Sparto, P. J., Terhorst, L. A., Winser, S. J., Heyman, R. A., & Whitney, S. L. (2018) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.1757 · Cited by 19
Morita, P. P., Rocha, A. S., Shaker, G. S. A., Lee, D., Wei, J., Fong, B., Thatte, A., Karimi, A., Xu, L., Ma, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.1007/s41666-020-00071-7 · Cited by 19
Welch, C., Greig, C. A., Masud, T., Pinkney, T. D., & Jackson, T. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01626-4 · Cited by 19
The urgent need for disability studies among midlife adults
Karvonen-Gutierrez, C. A., & Strotmeyer, E. S. (2020) · Women s Midlife Health · doi:10.1186/s40695-020-00057-w · Cited by 19
Measures of Physical Performance
Coleman, G., Dobson, F., Hinman, R. S., Bennell, K. L., & White, D. K. (2020) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24373 · Cited by 20
“0 m/s, which is a well-established risk factor for poor future health outcomes (13,177)”
BackgroundDoes Time of Day influence postural control and gait? A review of the literature
Halpern, A. I., Jansen, J. A. F., Giladi, N., Mirelman, A., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.10.023 · Cited by 20
Tocino, M. L. S., González‐Parra, E., Serrano, B. M., Gracia-Iguacel, C., de-Alba-Peñaranda, A. M., López-González, A., Olegario, M. G., Ortíz, A., & Mas, S. (2022) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfac046 · Cited by 19
Adams, H. H. H., Verlinden, V. J. A., Callisaya, M. L., van Duijn, C. M., Albert Hofman, D., Thomson, R. J., Uitterlinden, A. G., Vernooij, M. W., van der Geest, J. N., Srikanth, V. K., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv081 · Cited by 19
“Gait is an important indicator of health (3).”
BackgroundNash, K. C. (2012) · Reviews in Clinical Gerontology · doi:10.1017/s0959259812000111 · Cited by 19
Giusti, A., Giovale, M., Ponte, M. P. T. R., Fratoni, F., Tortorolo, U., Vincentiis, A. D., & Bianchi, G. (2012) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00915.x · Cited by 19
Power Training–induced Increases in Muscle Activation during Gait in Old Adults
Beijersbergen, C. M. I., Granacher, U., Gäbler, M., DeVita, P., & Hortobágyi, T. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001345 · Cited by 19
“6 mIs substantially increases the risk for mobility disability, falls, and even for early mortality (2,36).”
BackgroundOptimizing perioperative management of geriatric patients with head and neck cancer
Shuman, A. G., Patel, S. G., Shah, J. P., & Korc‐Grodzicki, B. (2013) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.23347 · Cited by 19
Health & Gait: a dataset for gait-based analysis
Zafra-Palma, J., Marín‐Jiménez, N., Castro‐Piñero, J., Cuenca‐García, M., Muñoz‐Salinas, R., & Marín-Jiménez, M. J. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-04327-4 · Cited by 21
Wipperman, M. F., Lin, A. Z., Gayvert, K. M., Lahner, B., Somersan-Karakaya, S., Wu, X., Im, J., Lee, M., Koyani, B., Setliff, I., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86132 · Cited by 20
Spinal maps of motoneuron activity during human locomotion: neuromechanical considerations
Avaltroni, P., Cappellini, G., Labini, F. S., Ivanenko, Y. P., & Lacquaniti, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1389436 · Cited by 18
“Changes in gait features of locomotion occur as a result of increased risk of falling (Maki, 1997) and/or health status in older adults (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundGait changes with aging: an early warning sign for underlying pathology
Nonnekes, J. H., Post, E., Imbalzano, G., & Bloem, B. R. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-12995-4 · Cited by 19
Predictors of gait speed post-stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jasper, A., Lazaro, R. T., Mehta, S. P., Perry, L., Swanson, K., Reedy, K. R., & Schmidt, J. T. (2025) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.04.029 · Cited by 17
Diminished Locomotor Control Is Associated With Reduced Neurovascular Coupling in Older Adults
Jor’dan, A. J., Manor, B. D., Iloputaife, I., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz006 · Cited by 18
“Walking speed reflects health and functional status and has been linked to survival among older adults (14,15).”
BackgroundJung, H., Jin, T., Baek, J. Y., Yoon, S., Lee, E., Guralnik, J. M., & Jang, I. (2020) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s280542 · Cited by 18
Panizzolo, F. A., Annese, E., Paoli, A., & Marcolin, G. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11062851 · Cited by 18
“The reduction in walking speed experienced by older adults influences quality of life, health status, and predicts life expectancy [1,2].”
BackgroundLee, S. Y., Goh, A., Tan, K., Choo, P. L., Ong, P., Wong, W. P., & Wee, S. L. (2021) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-021-00273-x · Cited by 20
Schaun, G. Z., Bamman, M. M., Andrade, L. S., David, G. B., Krüger, V. L., Marins, E. F., Nunes, G. N., Häfele, M. S., Mendes, G. F., Gomes, M. L. B., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00520-8 · Cited by 26
Guillamón-Escudero, C., Diago-Galmés, A., Zuazua-Rico, D., Maestro-González, A., Tenías, J. M., Soriano, J. M., & Garrido, J. F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148473 · Cited by 19
“Physical performance of the participants was evaluated using the gait speed test [1,36].”
MethodGait biomechanics after proximal femoral nailing of intertrochanteric fractures
Sivakumar, A., Rickman, M. S., & Thewlis, D. (2022) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.25427 · Cited by 18
“13m/s with inclusion of individuals with pathology.(43) Furthermore, a cutoff of 0.”
BackgroundHadamus, A., Błażkiewicz, M., Wydra, K. T., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11174950 · Cited by 18
“[26], gait speed is associated with survival among the elderly and reflects health and functional statuses.”
BackgroundNascimento, M. D. M., Gouveia, É. R., Marques, A., de Gouveia, B. R. F. O., Marconcin, P., França, C., & Ihle, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912581 · Cited by 23
“Another population-based longitudinal investigation revealed an increased risk of morbidity [68], and mortality for older adults who showed a rapid decline in GS [69,70].”
BackgroundEvaluation of physical health status beyond daily step count using a wearable activity sensor
Xu, Z., Zahradka, N., Ip, S., Koneshloo, A., Roemmich, R. T., Sehgal, S., Highland, K. B., & Searson, P. C. (2022) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00696-5 · Cited by 19
Tajimi, T., Furuta, Y., Hirabayashi, N., Honda, T., Hata, J., Ohara, T., Shibata, M., Nakao, T., Kitazono, T., Nakashima, Y., et al. (2022) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104883 · Cited by 19
Lower Myelin Content Is Associated With Lower Gait Speed in Cognitively Unimpaired Adults
Faulkner, M. E., Laporte, J. P., Gong, Z., et al. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad080 · Cited by 18
Yoon, J., García‐Esquinas, E., Kim, J., Kwak, J. H., Kim, H., Kim, S., Kim, K., Hong, Y., & Choi, Y. (2023) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp10549 · Cited by 18
“3,4 Recently, a systematic review has identi fi ed potentially modi fi able risk factors for slow walking speed in community-dwelling adults age 45 y and older, including physical inactivity, low education, obesity, pain, and depression.”
Lee, V. M., Hargrave, A. S., Lisha, N. E., & Huang, A. J. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08252-x · Cited by 19
Les activités physiques et sportives — la santé — la société
Bazex, J., Pène, P., & Rivière, D. (2012) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)31722-4 · Cited by 19
Verlinden, V. J. A., van der Geest, J. N., Heeringa, J., Albert Hofman, D., & Ikram, M. A. (2014) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.09.003 · Cited by 18
Geriatric gynecology: promoting health and avoiding harm
Miller, K. L., & Baraldi, C. A. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.04.014 · Cited by 19
Kirkness, C. S., & Ren, J. (2015) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20140028 · Cited by 18
Fragoso, C. A. V., Beavers, D. P., Anton, S. D., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14013 · Cited by 18
Kallianpur, K. J., Sakoda, M., Gangcuangco, L. M. A., Ndhlovu, L. C., Umaki, T. M., Chow, D. C., Wongjittraporn, S., & Shikuma, C. M. (2016) · Open Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/1874220301603010138 · Cited by 19
“Slow gait has emerged as a major predictor of disability and morbidity [33 - 35].”
BackgroundThe Importance of Mid-to-Late-Life Body Mass Index Trajectories on Late-Life Gait Speed
Windham, B. G., Griswold, M. E., Wang, W., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Demerath, E. W., Gabriel, K. P., Pompeii, L. A., Butler, K. R., Wagenknecht, L. E., Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw200 · Cited by 18
“A 10-cm/s slower gait speed is associated with a 12% higher mortality in older adults (5), and 4–5 cm/s is considered a meaningful change (23).”
BackgroundCombining Gait Speed and Recall Memory to Predict Survival in Late Life: Population‐Based Study
Marengoni, A., Bandinelli, S., Maietti, E., Guralnik, J. M., Zuliani, G., Ferrucci, L., & Volpato, S. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14705 · Cited by 18
“Multiple prognostic indices and models have been developed(1) in order to predict life expectancy in the older population, but it has been demonstrated that a simple mobility test, gait speed, has a similar accuracy.(2) Gait speed could be considered a summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unre…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGait Speed and Survival in Patients With Brain Metastases
Dulaney, C. R., McDonald, A. M., Wallace, A. S., & Fiveash, J. B. (2017) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.03.013 · Cited by 16
Timed mobility: description of measurement, performance, and dimensionality among older adults
Bohannon, R. W., WOLFSON, L. I., & White, W. B. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1323028 · Cited by 18
Norheim, K. L., Bautmans, I., & Kjær, M. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.006 · Cited by 18
Murphy, R. A., Moore, S. C., Playdon, M. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Satterfield, S., Ayonayon, H. N., Clish, C. B., Gerszten, R. E., & Harris, T. B. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx233 · Cited by 18
Influence of Prehospital Function and Strength on Outcomes of Critically Ill Older Adults
Files, D. C., Neiberg, R. H., Rushing, J., Morris, P. E., Young, M. P., Ayonayon, H. N., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Rubin, S., Shiroma, E. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15255 · Cited by 18
Notthoff, N., Drewelies, J., Kazanecka, P., Steinhagen‐Thiessen, E., Norman, K., Düzel, S., Däumer, M., Lindenberger, U., Demuth, I., & Gerstorf, D. (2018) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-017-0450-3 · Cited by 16
“Walking speed and changes in walking speed over time have been documented as important markers of functional health and predictors of mortality hazards (Cesari et al. 2005; Studenski et al. 2011).”
BackgroundAbbasi, M., Khera, S., Dabravolskaj, J., Garrison, M., & King, S. (2019) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721419848153 · Cited by 18
“Slow gait speed is associated with disability, institutionalization, injurious falls, and mortality (Rothman, LeoSummers, & Gill, 2008; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe Aging Brain & the Dorsal Basal Ganglia: Implications for Age-Related Limitations of Mobility
Clark, B. C., Woods, A. J., Clark, L. A., Criss, C. R., Shadmehr, R., & Grooms, D. R. (2019) · Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.20900/agmr20190008 · Cited by 20
“Slow gait speed, in particular, is strongly associated with survival in both men and women (Figure 1) [1].”
Blair, C. K., McDougall, J. A., Chiu, V. K., Wiggins, C. L., Rajput, A., Harding, E. M., & Kinney, A. Y. (2019) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-019-01241-8 · Cited by 18
Gait after Birmingham Hip Resurfacing
Wiik, A., Lambkin, R., & Cobb, J. P. (2019) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.101b11.bjj-2019-0383.r1 · Cited by 18
Weiner, D. K., Holloway, K. L., Levin, E., Keyserling, H. F., Epstein, F. H., Monaco, E. A., Sembrano, J. N., Brega, K. E., Nortman, S., Krein, S. L., et al. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002072 · Cited by 19
“Future studies also should include physical performance measures such as gait speed, given their relevance for older adults.(72) Multiple factors seem to predict DL success for Veterans with LSS and neurogenic claudication.”
BackgroundHealth Benefits of Tai Chi Exercise
Miller, S. M., Lio, C. H., & Taylor‐Piliae, R. E. (2020) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2020.07.002 · Cited by 18
Frye, B. M., Valure, P. M., Craft, S., Baxter, M. G., Scott, C., Wise-Walden, S., Bissinger, D. W., Register, H. M., Copeland, C., Jorgensen, M. J., et al. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00338-w · Cited by 20
O’Brien, C., & Holtzer, R. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab178 · Cited by 18
Carrasco-Vega, E., Ruiz‐Muñoz, M., Vargas, A. I. C., Galisteo, R. P. R., & González‐Sánchez, M. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12908 · Cited by 23
“8 m/s has been used as a predictive factor of mortality in different population groups (Kamiya et al., 2017; Roshanravan et al., 2013; Studenski, 2011), although, based on the results observed in this SR, ‘‘low physical performances’’ can be identified in values above the aforementioned threshold.”
MethodInfluentialSeino, S., Yabushita, N., Kim, M., Nemoto, M., Jung, S., Osuka, Y., Okubo, Y., Figueroa, R., Matsuo, T., & Tanaka, K. (2013) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12029 · Cited by 18
Application of the clinical version of the narrow path walking test to identify elderly fallers
Gimmon, Y., Barash, A., Debi, R., Snir, Y., David, Y. B., Grinshpon, J., & Melzer, I. (2015) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2015.10.010 · Cited by 18
Izawa, K. P., Watanabe, S., Hirano, Y., Matsushima, S., Suzuki, T., Oka, K., Kida, K., Suzuki, K., Osada, N., Omiya, K., et al. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000623 · Cited by 18
Henstra, M. J., Feenstra, T. C., van der Velde, N., van der Mast, R. C., Comijs, H. C., Stek, M. L., & Rhebergen, D. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly014 · Cited by 18
Preventing Treatment-Related Functional Decline: Strategies to Maximize Resilience
Shahrokni, A., Alexander, K., Wildes, T. M., & Puts, M. T. E. (2018) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_200427 · Cited by 18
Mair, J. L., VITO, G. D., & Boreham, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8010041 · Cited by 17
“8 m/s, with faster gait speeds predicting life expectancy beyond the median [40].”
BackgroundSkrastins, O., Tsotsos, S., Aqeel, H., Qiang, A., Renton, J., Howe, J.-A., Tee, A., Moller, J., & Salbach, N. M. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1570357 · Cited by 18
Alenazi, A. M., Alshehri, M. M., Alothman, S., Alqahtani, B. A., RUCKER, J. L., Sharma, N. K., Bindawas, S. M., & Kluding, P. M. (2020) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa144 · Cited by 18
Lim, B., Choi, B., Roh, C., Lee, J., Kim, Y.-J., & Lee, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95599-2 · Cited by 18
“Self-selected walking speed in older adults is a crucial indicator, strongly correlated with life expectancy 30 .”
Accelerometer-based gait assessment: Pragmatic deployment on an international scale
Din, S. D., Hickey, A., Woodman, S., Hiden, H., Morris, R., Watson, P., Nazarpour, K., Catt, M., Rochester, L., & Godfrey, A. (2016) · IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) · doi:10.1109/ssp.2016.7551794 · Cited by 18
“INTRODUCTION Human gait (locomotion) is a surrogate biomarker of overall health [1], falls status [2] and longevity [3].”
BackgroundImpact of the SPRINT Trial on Hypertension Management
Ghazi, L., & Oparil, S. (2018) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050416-024516 · Cited by 18
FEV 1 as a Standalone Spirometric Predictor and the Attributable Fraction for Death in Older Persons
Fragoso, C. A. V., Ness, P. H. V., & MCAVAY, G. J. (2019) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.07012 · Cited by 17
la Cámara, M. Á. D., Higueras‐Fresnillo, S., Sadarangani, K. P., Esteban‐Cornejo, I., Martínez‐Gómez, D., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2019) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz186 · Cited by 18
Buhl, S. F., Beck, A. M., Christensen, B., & Caserotti, P. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04572-z · Cited by 17
Figgins, E., Choi, Y., Speechley, M. R., & Montero‐Odasso, M. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab008 · Cited by 18
“Slow gait speed specifically is associated with severe medical outcomes including falls and musculoskeletal injuries, multimorbidity, and mortality (2,3).”
BackgroundGait Speed is independently associated with Depression Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Naharcı, M. İ., Katipoğlu, B., Veizi, B. G. Y., & Taşçı, İ. (2021) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2021.1882932 · Cited by 17
Holtzer, R., Ross, D., O’Brien, C., İzzetoğlu, M., & Wagshul, M. E. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab288 · Cited by 19
Saito, Y., Nakamura, S., Tanaka, A., Watanabe, R., Narimatsu, H., & Chung, U. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.904924 · Cited by 17
“Maintaining or improving usual walking speed is associated with reduction or prevention of mortality, hospitalization, activities of daily living ability, and cognitive decline (4, 5).”
BackgroundSorror, M. L. (2023) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2022017999 · Cited by 19
Energizing Mitochondria to Prevent Mobility Loss in Aging: Rationale and Hypotheses
Tian, Q., Lee, P. R., Walker, K. A., & Ferrucci, L. (2023) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000315 · Cited by 15
“There is overwhelming evidence that poor lower extremity function predicts future physical disability, cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality (1,2).”
BackgroundHennah, C., & Doumas, M. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112200 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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