The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,001–2,100 of 4,515
The role of physical activity in mitigating age-related changes in the neuromuscular control of gait
Nuñez-Lisboa, M., & Dewolf, A. H. (2025) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-025-00239-8 · Cited by 17
“(2019) 52 and Aboutorabi et al. (2016) 53 showed that the average net cost of walking was~20%higherinolderadults, associated withalossofindependenceand an increased risk of morbidity and mortality 5 – 8 .”
Prognostic Implications of Predischarge Assessment of Gait Speed After Hip Fracture Surgery
Gherardini, S., Biricolti, C., Benvenuti, E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000144 · Cited by 13
Sremakaew, M., Sungkarat, S., Treleaven, J. M., et al. (2019) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1686794 · Cited by 13
Hu, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, W., Zhao, M. H., Liu, J., Wu, L., Zou, L., Zuo, J., Liu, Y., Fan, L. H., et al. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02275-x · Cited by 14
Oschwald, J., Mérillat, S., Jäncke, L., & Seidler, R. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.621263 · Cited by 14
Blakney, R. A., Ricotta, E., Follmann, D. A., Drew, J., Carey, K. A., Glass, L. N., Robinson, C. J., MacDonald, S. D., McShane, P. J., Olivier, K. N., et al. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07054-6 · Cited by 13
“Slower gait speed may reflect decline of the many organ systems required to walk, including the respiratory system, which in turn are associated with mortality [32].”
BackgroundHsu, C. L., Manor, B. D., Travison, T. G., et al. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac193 · Cited by 13
Yerrakalva, D., Hajna, S., Wijndaele, K., Dempsey, P. C., Westgate, K. L., Wareham, N. J., Griffin, S. J., & Brage, S. (2022) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-022-00733-y · Cited by 13
Liu, J., Cui, K., Chen, Q., Li, Z., Fu, J. W., Gong, X., & Xu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1003896 · Cited by 14
Wu, Z., Woods, R. L., Chong, T. T. ‐., Orchard, S. G., Shah, R. C., Wolfe, R. S., Storey, E., Sheets, K. M., Murray, A. M., McNeil, J. J., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12388 · Cited by 15
Terminal Decline in Physical Function in Older Adults
Stolz, E., Mayerl, H., Terrera, G. M., & Gill, T. M. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad119 · Cited by 14
Deep Learning Based Walking Tasks Classification in Older Adults Using fNIRS
Ma, D., İzzetoğlu, M., Holtzer, R., & Jiao, X. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2023.3306365 · Cited by 16
“M OBILITY impairments are common older adults affecting their functional independence and leading to increased risk of disability, morbidity, and mortality [1].”
BackgroundMobility Rehab visual feedback system for gait rehabilitation in older adults
Silva‐Batista, C., Harker, G. R., Vitório, R., Studer, M., Whetten, B., Lapidus, J., Carlson‐Kuhta, P., Pearson, S., VanDerwalker, J., Horak, F. B., et al. (2023) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-023-01260-2 · Cited by 17
On the relation between gait speed and gait cycle duration for walking on even ground
Ziegler, J., Gattringer, H., & Müller, A. (2024) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111976 · Cited by 13
Sarcopenia in systemic sclerosis: prevalence and impact—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tu, X., Lin, T., Ju, Y., Shu, X., Jiang, T., Ge, N., & Yue, J. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078034 · Cited by 16
“4 5 Differences in diagnostic criteria and assessment methods used in various studies, such as those proposed by the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 9 17 and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), 18 can result in variations in the evaluation of muscle mass in patients.”
MethodInfluentialGong, Z., Faulkner, M. E., Akhonda, M. A. B. S., Guo, A., Bae, J., Laporte, J. P., Church, S., D’Agostino, J., Bergeron, J., Bergeron, C. M., et al. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01392-w · Cited by 12
“It is increasingly recognized not just as a measure of mobility but as an indicator of overall health, predicting outcomes such as functional decline, the risk of falls, hospitalization, disability, and even mortality [1–7].”
Rossetin, L. L., Rodrigues, E. V., Gallo, L. H., et al. (2016) · Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia · doi:10.1590/1809-98232016019.150028 · Cited by 13
“Sport and recreation 100 (15-100) 100 (75-100) 0.”
Laddu, D., Wertheim, B. C., Garcia, D. O., Woods, N. F., LaMonte, M. J., Chen, B. H., Anton‐Culver, H., Zaslavsky, O., Cauley, J. A., Chlebowski, R. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15273 · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, a 1 m/s cut-point to define new PCMD is based on previous studies that have validated its relevance to functional disability, morbidity, and survival in older adults.(6,7,21,22) Some studies have used slower cut-points (≤0.”
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment from a Nursing Perspective
Spirgienė, L., & Brent, L. (2018) · Perspectives in nursing management and care for older adults · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76681-2_4 · Cited by 13
“8 m/s (measured over 6 m or 20 feet) [13].”
Gait Analyses in Mice: Effects of Age and Glutathione Deficiency
Mock, J. T., Knight, S. G., Vann, P. H., Wong, J. M., Davis, D., Forster, M. J., & Sumien, N. (2018) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2017.0925 · Cited by 15
“1 m/s) in gait speed were predictive of various measures of decline and can be used to identify atrisk individuals prior to further decline [6].”
BackgroundMethodSuwannarat, P., Kaewsanmung, S., Thaweewannakij, T., et al. (2019) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1606372 · Cited by 13
Declínio da velocidade da marcha e desfechos de saúde em idosos: dados da Rede Fibra
Guedes, R. D. C., Dias, R. C., Neri, A. L., et al. (2019) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/18036026032019 · Cited by 13
Murillo-García, Á., Villafaina, S., Collado‐Mateo, D., Llamas, J. L. L., & Gusi, N. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1735537 · Cited by 18
“This could explain the obtained differences in the previous studies [6,41,43,53].”
BackgroundResultRosenblatt, N. J., Eckardt, N., Kuhman, D. J., et al. (2020) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05822-x · Cited by 13
Gait Speed Is Associated with Cognitive Function among Older Adults with HIV
Derry, H. M., Johnston, C. D., Burchett, C. O., Siegler, E. L., & Glesby, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264320943330 · Cited by 13
Alenazi, A. M., Alqahtani, B. A., Vennu, V. S., Alshehri, M. M., Alanazi, A., Alrawaili, S. M., Khunti, K. K., Segal, N. A., & Bindawas, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094414 · Cited by 14
“2 m/s), which is associated with difficulty in crossing streets or community ambulation [51,52], functional limitations [53], and mortality [10].”
BackgroundKim, J., Lee, H.-J., Lee, S., et al. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02401-9 · Cited by 13
ROCHE, N., CHORIN, F., GERUS, P., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06831-3 · Cited by 13
Alfaras, I., Ejima, K., Teixeira, C. V. L., Germanio, C. D., Mitchell, S. J., Hamilton, S., Ferrucci, L., Price, N. L., Allison, D. B., Bernier, M., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109560 · Cited by 11
“Assessment of physical performance measures, such as gait speed, has provided important information about individualized estimates of survival (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRehman, R. Z. U., Rochester, L., Yarnall, A. J., & Din, S. D. (2021) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630769 · Cited by 15
“Gait performance is considered a marker of global health and brain function [4].”
BackgroundSmart Eyeglasses: A Valid and Reliable Device to Assess Spatiotemporal Parameters during Gait
Hellec, J., Chorin, F., Castagnetti, A., Guérin, O., & Colson, S. S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22031196 · Cited by 14
“As gait ability decreases with aging, gait analysis has been used as a biomarker for longevity [2], fall risk [3,4] and general health [5].”
MethodWiersinga, J. H. I., Muller, M., Rhodius‐Meester, H. F. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003097 · Cited by 13
Hernández-Lázaro, H., Mingo-Gómez, M. T., Ceballos‐Laita, L., Medrano-de-la-Fuente, R., & Jiménez‐del‐Barrio, S. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2096128 · Cited by 15
Samah, Z. A., Nordin, N. A. M., Shahar, S., & Singh, D. K. A. (2015) · Polish Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.poamed.2015.04.007 · Cited by 13
Odonkor, C. A., Schonberger, R. B., Dai, F., Shelley, K. H., Silverman, D. G., & Barash, P. G. (2013) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e3182a51ac5 · Cited by 13
RoyChoudhury, A., Dam, T.-T. L., Varadhan, R., et al. (2014) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2014.08.001 · Cited by 13
Towards a natural walking monitor for pulmonary patients using simple smart phones
Juen, J. P., Cheng, Q., & Schatz, B. R. (2014) · ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics (ACM-BCB) · doi:10.1145/2649387.2649401 · Cited by 15
Association of physical function with predialysis blood pressure in patients on hemodialysis
Abreo, A. P., Glidden, D. V., Painter, P., Lea, J. P., Herzog, C. A., Kutner, N. G., & Johansen, K. L. (2014) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-15-177 · Cited by 14
Sarcopenia in cases of chronic and acute illness
Dovjak, P. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-015-0986-9 · Cited by 15
Pilot of Three Objective Markers of Physical Health and Chemotherapy Toxicity in Older Adults
Hsu, T., Chen, R. E., Lin, S. C. X., Djalalov, S., Horgan, A. M., Le, L. W., & Leighl, N. B. (2015) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.22.2623 · Cited by 13
Impact of Drug–Drug and Drug–Disease Interactions on Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Naples, J. G., Marcum, Z. A., Perera, S., Newman, A. B., Greenspan, S. L., Gray, S. L., Bauer, D. C., Simonsick, E. M., Shorr, R. I., & Hanlon, J. T. (2016) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-016-0373-2 · Cited by 15
Does Gait Speed Replace Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Elderly?
Tian, Q., Zhang, M., Deng, Y., Duan, J., Tu, Q., Cao, Y., Zhu, Q., Yu, W., & Lü, Y. (2016) · International journal of gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.ijge.2016.03.010 · Cited by 13
Lyons, J. G., Ensrud, K. E., Schousboe, J. T., McCulloch, C. E., Taylor, B. C., Heeren, T., Stuver, S. O., & Fredman, L. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14346 · Cited by 13
Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S): a point of view from the industry
Signore, S. D., & Roubenoff, R. (2017) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0710-7 · Cited by 12
“, mobility disability? In the current version of the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) “Points to consider on frailty: evaluation instruments for baseline characterisation of clinical trials populations”, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) [10] and gait speed at the usual pace [11] are proposed as reference ass…”
BackgroundYasuda, T., Fukumura, K., & Nakajima, T. (2017) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.29.748 · Cited by 13
Comorbidities of Lung Disease in the Elderly
Scichilone, N. (2017) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2017.06.010 · Cited by 13
“Different methods for gait speed evaluation are available, all of which predict mortality.(35) In patients with respiratory diseases, the 6-minute walk test seems preferable because it allows the detection of functional limitations.”
MethodThe Association of Clinic‐Based Mobility Tasks and Measures of Community Performance and Risk
Callisaya, M. L., & Verghese, J. (2018) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.12.008 · Cited by 13
“These results add to previous findings that slow walking speed is a good summary measure of an older person’s functional ability as well as an indicator of risk of adverse outcomes [1,3-5,28].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRomán, P. Á. L., Laredo‐Aguilera, J. A., García‐Pinillos, F., Soto-Hermoso, V. M., & Carmona‐Torres, J. M. (2017) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx219 · Cited by 15
Factors associated with social deprivation among older persons living with HIV
Enel, P., Rétornaz, F., Ravaux, I., et al. (2018) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2018.1549719 · Cited by 13
Ostuni, M., & Musso, C. G. (2019) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-018-2061-0 · Cited by 17
Optimizing the geriatrician's contribution to cancer care for older patients
Hamaker, M. E., van Huis‐Tanja, L. H., & Rostoft, S. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2019.06.018 · Cited by 13
The role of reinvestment in conservative gait in older adults
Mak, T. C. T., Young, W. R., & Wong, T. W. L. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110855 · Cited by 13
Fawole, H. O., Riskowski, J. L., Dell’Isola, A., Steultjens, M. P. M., Nevitt, M. C., Torner, J. C., Lewis, C. E., Felson, D. T., & CHASTIN, S. F. M. (2020) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.13797 · Cited by 12
Experimental dyspnoea interferes with locomotion and cognition: a randomised trial
Lawi, D., Dupuis‐Lozeron, E., Berra, G., Allali, G., Similowski, T., & Adler, D. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00054-2020 · Cited by 13
First insights on value-based healthcare of elders using ICHOM older person standard set reporting
Lee, W., Peng, L., Lin, C.-H., Lin, S., Loh, C., Kao, S., Hung, T.-S., Chang, C.-Y., Huang, C.-F., Tang, T., et al. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01734-1 · Cited by 13
Gleich, J., Pfeufer, D., Keppler, A. M., et al. (2021) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00402-021-03756-9 · Cited by 13
Kawada, S., Okamoto, Y., Ogasahara, K., Yanagisawa, S., Ohtani, M., & Kobayashi, K. (2013) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.008 · Cited by 13
Beijersbergen, C. M. I., Hortobágyi, T., Beurskens, R., Lenzen-Großimlinghaus, R., Gäbler, M., & Granacher, U. (2016) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000444752 · Cited by 15
Clark, R. A., Pua, Y., Bower, K. J., Bechard, L., Hough, E. J., Charlton, P. C., & Mentiplay, B. F. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.07.005 · Cited by 13
THESE POUR LE DOCTORAT EN MEDECINE
Marie-Léa, H. (2015) · Cited by 13
The effect of pain on gait in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Seydi, M., Delbaere, K., Han, D. U., Chan, L. L. Y., Ambrens, M., & van Schooten, K. S. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104758 · Cited by 12
Frailty in COPD: Clinical Impact, Diagnosis, Biomarkers, and Management Strategies
Momunovna, A. R., Sherbaevna, S. R., Залова, Т. Б., Karimova, K., Karimova, D., Дыйканова, Ш., Калматович, К. Р., & Tynaliev, U. M. (2025) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s522862 · Cited by 14
“40 The Frailty Index (FI) is a quantitative tool introduced by Rockwood et al in 2001, based on the deficit accumulation model of frailty.”
InfluentialA Walking Dance to Improve Gait Speed for People With Parkinson Disease: A Pilot Study
Harrison, E. C., Earhart, G. M., Leventhal, D., et al. (2020) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt-2020-0028 · Cited by 12
Energetic Cost of Walking and Brain Atrophy in Mid-to-Late Life
Dougherty, R. J., Liu, F., An, Y., Wanigatunga, A. A., Tian, Q., Davatzikos, C. A., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Resnick, S. M., & Schrack, J. A. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab309 · Cited by 13
Chalmer, R., Ayers, E. I., Weiss, E. F., Malik, R., Ehrlich, A., Wang, C., Zwerling, J. L., Ansari, A., Possin, K. L., & Verghese, J. (2022) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt-2021-0043 · Cited by 11
Çetinkaya, F., & Karakoyun, A. (2022) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06266-0 · Cited by 12
“Walking is an essential part of daily life and even performance [43].”
BackgroundUpdated Perspectives on the Role of Biomechanics in COPD: Considerations for the Clinician
Yentes, J. M., Liu, W.-Y., Zhang, K., Markvicka, E. J., & Rennard, S. I. (2022) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s339195 · Cited by 13
“58,59 Gait speed has been associated with survival in older adults, 60 hospitalization, 61 and disability.”
BackgroundXie, H., Chen, E., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101710 · Cited by 11
Hilt, P. M., Bertrand, M. F., Féasson, L., Lebon, F., Mourey, F., Ruffino, C., & Rozand, V. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043541 · Cited by 15
“Due to the rapid deterioration of functional capacities in very old adults, notably in balance and mobility functions [24], we also tested the effects of mental training on a sequential footstep task (lower limbs).”
MethodDu, Y., Tao, S., Oh, C., & No, J.-K. (2023) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22057 · Cited by 12
“Study selection Studies that satisfied the following criteria were included in the meta-analysis: (1) compared BMD and BMI data between participants with sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia; (2) reported the prevalence of osteoporosis using criteria such as hip BMD, fem-”
BackgroundMethodInvestigating the efficacy of a tactile feedback system to increase the gait speed of older adults
Hossain, M. T., Noghani, M. A., Sidaway, B., & Hejrati, B. (2023) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2023.103103 · Cited by 12
Modern guidelines for the diagnosis of sarcopenia
Golounina, O. O., Fadeev, V. V., & Belaya, Z. E. (2023) · Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) · doi:10.30629/0023-2149-2023-101-4-5-198-207 · Cited by 12
Muntsant-Soria, A., Castillo-Ruiz, M. D. M., & Giménez‐Llort, L. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241813796 · Cited by 14
“Moreover, a slower fast-walking speed is a marker of frailty and mortality [52–54].”
BackgroundFerro, M., Rocco, B. M. C., Maggi, M., Lucarelli, G. T., Falagario, U. G., Giudice, F. D., Crocetto, F., Barone, B., Civita, E. L., Lasorsa, F. M., et al. (2023) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2023.2277366 · Cited by 12
Shoulder Dysfunction and Mobility Limitation in Aging
Davis, D. L. (2023) · Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.20900/agmr20230008 · Cited by 12
“For example, in a pooled analysis of 34,485 community-dwelling older adults from 9 cohort studies, Studenski et al. reported that gait speed was associated with survival, showing that increased increments in gait speed were associated with increased survival [8].”
BackgroundMethodPain: its prevalence and correlates among the oldest old
Bokermann, J., König, H., & Hajek, A. (2024) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02653-y · Cited by 12
“This knowledge is important because pain in turn can contribute to future disability, decreased mobility, institutionalization and mortality [23, 24].”
BackgroundOkoye, C., Qiu, C., Xia, X., Lip, G. Y. H., Bellelli, G., Welmer, A., Calderón‐Larrañaga, A., & Vetrano, D. L. (2024) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euae173 · Cited by 12
“7,9 Deficits in WS are associated with adverse outcomes, such as hospitalizations, increased risk of falls, cognitive decline, and death.”
BackgroundInfluentialMatikainen-Tervola, E., Cronin, N. J., Aartolahti, E. M., et al. (2024) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.10.013 · Cited by 12
Gait Spatio-Temporal Parameters Vary Significantly Between Indoor, Outdoor and Different Surfaces
Brognara, L., Arceri, A., Zironi, M., Traina, F., Faldini, C., & Mazzotti, A. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25051314 · Cited by 12
“Gait disorders are increasingly associated with adverse events such as physical disability, falls, institutionalisation, and mortality [3,4].”
Zhang, F., Wang, H., Bai, Y., Huang, L., Zhong, Y., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13739 · Cited by 13
“Studenski et al. demonstrated in a pooled analysis of nine cohort studies that gait speed was associated with survival in older adults, with each 0.1 m/s increase in gait speed corresponding to a 12% decrease in mortality risk [11].”
InfluentialChmielewski, P. P., Strzelec, B., Mozdziak, P. E., & Kempisty, B. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14072509 · Cited by 16
“…elevated NLR combined with accelerated GrimAge scores and poor physical performance metrics, including grip strength [76,77] and gait speed [78], well as frailty index and self-rated instance, elevated NLR combined with accelerated GrimAge scores and poor physical performance metrics,…”
How to Improve Reporting of the Short Physical Performance Battery Scores
Balachandran, A. T., & Signorile, J. F. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv161 · Cited by 12
Velocidade da marcha e escore cognitivo em idosos usuários da atenção primária
Lenardt, M. H., de Sousa, J. A. V., Grden, C. R. B., et al. (2015) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2015680623i · Cited by 12
Blood Pressure Trajectory, Gait Speed, and Outcomes: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Odden, M. C., Wu, C., Shlipak, M. G., et al. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw076 · Cited by 12
“We used gait speed as a measure of functional status, as it is an excellent integrative measure of health status and frailty, and may be a useful measure for risk stratification (9).”
MethodThe Eudaimonics of Health: Exploring the Promise of Positive Well-Being and Healthier Living
Kimiecik, J. C. (2016) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_23 · Cited by 13
Lim, J., & Lim, J. (2017) · Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.4235/agmr.2017.21.1.17 · Cited by 12
Neo, H., Xu, H., Wu, H.-Y., & Hum, A. Y. M. (2017) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2016.0449 · Cited by 12
Gait Parameters Estimated Using Inertial Measurement Units
Croce, U. D., Cereatti, A., & Mancini, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30808-1_163-1 · Cited by 12
Addison, O. R., Kundi, R., Ryan, A. S., Goldberg, A. P., Patel, R., Lal, B. K., & Prior, S. J. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1367966 · Cited by 13
“These findings indicate persons with PAD are at an increased risk for disability, institutionalization, morbidity, and mortality related to their poor mobility function [24].”
BackgroundJoseph, C., Brodin, N., Leavy, B., Hagströmer, M., Löfgren, N., & Franzén, E. (2018) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215518800832 · Cited by 12
“24,25 To our knowledge, no published studies investigated the benefits of balance training in relation to its associated costs.”
Santoni, G., Calderón‐Larrañaga, A., Vetrano, D. L., Welmer, A., Orsini, N., & Fratiglioni, L. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly272 · Cited by 12
Brooks, P. J., Samuel, L. T., Levin, J. M., et al. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.01.39 · Cited by 12
“Gait speed has been identified as a predictor of human longevity (13).”
BackgroundToyama, T., van den Broek‐Best, O., Ohkuma, T., Handelsman, D. J., Waite, L. M., Seibel, M. J., Cumming, R. G., Naganathan, V., Sherrington, C., Hirani, V., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz100 · Cited by 12
Yoshiko, A., Kaji, T., Sugiyama, H., Koike, T., Oshida, Y., & Akima, H. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1208-8 · Cited by 12
Pedersen, M. M., Kjær-Sørensen, P., Midtgaard, J., Brown, C. J., & Bodilsen, A. C. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1347-0 · Cited by 11
Metabolites Associated with Walking Ability Among the Oldest Old from the CHS All Stars Study
Marron, M. M., Wendell, S. G., Boudreau, R. M., Clish, C. B., Santanasto, A. J., Tseng, G. C., Zmuda, J. M., & Newman, A. B. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa030 · Cited by 12
“0 m/s (1), a clinically relevant threshold for detecting older adults at risk for multiple major health outcomes (2).”
BackgroundHafer, J. F., & Zernicke, R. F. (2020) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109821 · Cited by 12
The Association between Health Literacy and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Anami, K., Murata, S., Nakano, H., Nonaka, K., Iwase, H., Shiraiwa, K., Abiko, T., Goda, A., & Horie, J. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8040369 · Cited by 12
Robust Step Detection from Different Waist-Worn Sensor Positions: Implications for Clinical Studies
Tietsch, M., Muaremi, A., Clay, I., et al. (2020) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000511611 · Cited by 12
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Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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