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Cited by 285Regulation of Appetite and ObesityMuscle metabolism and nutritionDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

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Effect of Dietary Protein Content on Weight Gain, Energy Expenditure, and Body Composition During Overeating: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Bray, George A., Smith, Steven R., de Jonge, Lilian, Xie, Hui, Rood, Jennifer, Martin, Corby K., Most, Marlene, Brock, Courtney, Mancuso, Susan, Redman, Leanne M.·2012·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.2011.1918PMC PMC3777747
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Abstract

CONTEXT: The role of diet composition in response to overeating and energy dissipation in humans is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of overconsumption of low, normal, and high protein diets on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 25 US healthy, weight-stable male and female volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years with a body mass index between 19 and 30. The first participant was admitted to the inpatient metabolic unit in June 2005 and the last in October 2007. INTERVENTION: After consuming a weight-stabilizing diet for 13 to 25 days, participants were randomized to diets containing 5% of energy from protein (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein), which they were overfed during the last 8 weeks of their 10- to 12-week stay in the inpatient metabolic unit. Compared with energy intake during the weight stabilization period, the protein diets provided approximately 40% more energy intake, which corresponds to 954 kcal/d (95% CI, 884-1022 kcal/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry biweekly, resting energy expenditure was measured weekly by ventilated hood, and total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water prior to the overeating and weight stabilization periods and at weeks 7 to 8. RESULTS: Overeating produced significantly less weight gain in the low protein diet group (3.16 kg; 95% CI, 1.88-4.44 kg) compared with the normal protein diet group (6.05 kg; 95% CI, 4.84-7.26 kg) or the high protein diet group (6.51 kg; 95% CI, 5.23-7.79 kg) (P = .002). Body fat increased similarly in all 3 protein diet groups and represented 50% to more than 90% of the excess stored calories. Resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, and body protein did not increase during overfeeding with the low protein diet. In contrast, resting energy expenditure (normal protein diet: 160 kcal/d [95% CI, 102-218 kcal/d]; high protein diet: 227 kcal/d [95% CI, 165-289 kcal/d]) and body protein (lean body mass) (normal protein diet: 2.87 kg [95% CI, 2.11-3.62 kg]; high protein diet: 3.18 kg [95% CI, 2.37-3.98 kg]) increased significantly with the normal and high protein diets. CONCLUSIONS: Among persons living in a controlled setting, calories alone account for the increase in fat; protein affected energy expenditure and storage of lean body mass, but not body fat storage. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00565149.

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  1. [13]Goldman R Haisman M Bynum G Horton E Sims E Bray GA Experimental obesity in man: metabolic rate in relation to dietary intake Obesity in Perspective: A Conference 1975 165 186 US Government Printing Office Washington, DC
  2. [31]Flatt JP Bray GA The biochemistry of energy expenditure Recent Advances in Obesity Research: II. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Obesity 1978 211 228 Newman Publishing London, England

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Metadata

Authors
Bray, G. A., Smith, S. R., de Jonge, L., Xie, H., Rood, J., Martin, C. K., Most, M., Brock, C., Mancuso, S., & Redman, L. M.
Affiliations
Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Corresponding author
Bray, George A.
ORCID
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2012-01-04
Volume
307
Issue
1
Pages
47
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.2011.1918
PMC
PMC3777747
OpenAlex
W2151035323
Semantic Scholar
35084a4991db22c42be3fd1b5b7641943f3ce15e
Cited by
285
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 24
FWCI
13.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Louisiana State University
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK072476)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R00HD060762)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords
dietary protein level, overeating, overfeeding, weight gain, energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, body composition, fat mass, protein intake, energy balance, fat-free mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, body mass index, body age
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Body Composition, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Male, Weight Gain, Single-Blind Method, Young Adult

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