Energy expenditure during overfeeding
Open accessAbstract
The large inter-individual variation in weight gain during standardized overfeeding together with a weight gain that is often less than theoretically calculated from the energy excess suggest that there are differences between persons in the capacity to regulate energy expenditure and hence metabolic efficiency. Adaptive thermogenesis is defined as the regulated production of heat in response to environmental changes in temperature and diet, resulting in metabolic inefficiency. The question is whether adaptive thermogenesis can be identified in overfeeding experiments. From the numerous human overfeeding experiments we selected those studies that applied suitable protocols and measurement techniques. Five studies claimed to have found evidence for adaptive thermogenesis based on weight gains smaller than expected or unaccounted increases in thermogenesis above obligatory costs. Results from the other 11 studies suggest there is no adaptive thermogenesis as weight gains were proportional to the amount of overfeeding and the increased thermogenesis was associated with theoretical costs of an increased body size and a larger food intake. These results show that in humans, evidence for adaptive thermogenesis is still inconsistent. However, they do not rule out the existence, but emphasize that if present, adaptive changes in energy expenditure may be too small to measure considering measurement errors, errors in assumptions made and small (day-to-day) differences in physical activity. In addition, it is not clear in which component or components of total energy expenditure adaptive changes can occur and whether components can overlap due to measurement limitations.
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Overfeeding can lead to an increase in BMR and RMR for some individuals, a phenomenon known as luxurious energy expenditure, and the degree of metabolic adaptation to overfeeding varies significantly among individuals.
“In contrast to adaptive thermogenesis following caloric restriction, overfeeding can lead to an increase in the BMR and RMR for some individuals, a phenomenon known as “luxurious energy expenditure”.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Joosen, A. M., & Westerterp, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Joosen, Annemiek MCP
- Venue
- Nutrition & Metabolism
- Published
- 2006-07-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-25
- ISSN
- 1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2097264391
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- energy expenditure, overfeeding, adaptive thermogenesis, weight gain, energy balance, metabolic efficiency, interindividual variability, physical activity, body size
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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