Role of Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis in Resistance to Fat Gain in Humans
Abstract
Humans show considerable interindividual variation in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating. The physiological basis of this variation was investigated by measuring changes in energy storage and expenditure in 16 nonobese volunteers who were fed 1000 kilocalories per day in excess of weight-maintenance requirements for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of the increases in total daily energy expenditure was due to increased nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which is associated with fidgeting, maintenance of posture, and other physical activities of daily life. Changes in NEAT accounted for the 10-fold differences in fat storage that occurred and directly predicted resistance to fat gain with overfeeding (correlation coefficient = 0.77, probability < 0.001). These results suggest that as humans overeat, activation of NEAT dissipates excess energy to preserve leanness and that failure to activate NEAT may result in ready fat gain.
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In Levine et al., there was a wide range of individual responses; some participants showed a large increase in NEAT and gained little weight, whereas the opposite was true for others.
“The most striking feature of the study however was the wide range of individual responses; some partcipants showed a large increase in NEAT and therefore gained little weight, whereas the opposite was true for others.”
From Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [50]
The system tended to oppose overfeeding through an increase in Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT).
“However, the system tended to oppose this action through an increase in behavioural activity - called Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT).”
From Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [50]
In Levine et al., mandatory ingestion of 800 kcal/day above energy requirements over a 2 month period led to an increase in body weight.
“Considering the impact of a coercive increase in food consumed, a landmark study by Levine et al. [50] has demonstrated that a mandatory ingestion of 800kcal/day above energy requirements over a 2 month period did indeed lead to an increase in body weight.”
From Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [50]
Lean and obese individuals differ in the energy dedicated to NEAT by an average of 350 kcal per day.
“Indeed, lean and obese individuals are different in the energy dedicated to NEAT on average 350 kcal per day (equivalent to 30.3 pounds of fat over a year)112.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [112]
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Ferrara, P. J., Lang, M. J., Johnson, J. M., Watanabe, S., McLaughlin, K. L., Alan Maschek, J., Verkerke, A. R. P., Siripoksup, P., Chaix, A., Cox, J. E., et al. (2023) · Life Metabolism · doi:10.1093/lifemeta/load014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Jensen, M. D., Bajnárek, J., Lee, S. Y., Nielsen, S., & Koutsari, C. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m900021-jlr200 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationFrancis, S. L., Simmering, J. E., Polgreen, L. A., Evans, N. J., Hosteng, K. R., Carr, L. J., Cremer, J. F., Coe, S., Cavanaugh, J. E., Segre, A. M., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101426 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Levine, J. A., Eberhardt, N. L., & Jensen, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Michael D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-01-08
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 5399
- Pages
- 212-214
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1999763722
- Cited by
- 997
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 15.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK050456, DK 45343, DK50456, R01DK045343)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR00535)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- overeating, energy expenditure, fat deposition, interindividual variability, fidgeting, posture, energy balance, weight gain
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Indirect, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Male, Movement, Posture, Weight Gain, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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