The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trends in Smoking Among Adults With Mental Illness and Association Between Mental Health Treatment and Smoking Cessation
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Significant progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States. However, tobacco cessation efforts have focused on the general population rather than individuals with mental illness, who demonstrate greater rates of tobacco use and nicotine dependence. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether declines in tobacco use have been realized among individuals with mental illness and examine the association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Use of nationally representative surveys of noninstitutionalized US residents to compare trends in smoking rates between adults with and without mental illness and across multiple disorders (2004-2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [MEPS]) and to compare rates of smoking cessation among adults with mental illness who did and did not receive mental health treatment (2009-2011 National Survey of Drug Use and Health [NSDUH]).The MEPS sample included 32,156 respondents with mental illness (operationalized as reporting severe psychological distress, probable depression, or receiving treatment for mental illness) and 133,113 without mental illness. The NSDUH sample included 14,057 lifetime smokers with mental illness. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Current smoking status (primary analysis; MEPS sample) and smoking cessation, operationalized as a lifetime smoker who did not smoke in the last 30 days (secondary analysis; NSDUH sample). RESULTS: Adjusted smoking rates declined significantly among individuals without mental illness (19.2% [95% CI, 18.7-19.7%] to 16.5% [95% CI, 16.0%-17.0%]; P < .001) but changed only slightly among those with mental illness (25.3% [95% CI, 24.2%-26.3%] to 24.9% [95% CI, 23.8%- 26.0%]; P = .50), a significant difference in difference of 2.3% (95% CI, 0.7%-3.9%) (P = .005). Individuals with mental illness who received mental health treatment within the previous year were more likely to have quit smoking (37.2% [95% CI, 35.1%-39.4%]) than those not receiving treatment (33.1% [95% CI, 31.5%-34.7%]) (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Between 2004 and 2011, the decline in smoking among individuals with mental illness was significantly less than among those without mental illness, although quit rates were greater among those receiving mental health treatment. This suggests that tobacco control policies and cessation interventions targeting the general population have not worked as effectively for persons with mental illness.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is especially problematic for individuals with serious mental illness, who have the highest smoking rates and higher smoking severity 136 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [136]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701
Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife
Efron, B. (1979) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552 · Cited by 17,602
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,385
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a Two-Item Depression Screener
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000093487.78664.3c · Cited by 6,359
Screening for serious mental illness in the general population
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S.-L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., et al. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184 · Cited by 5,692
Interaction terms in logit and probit models
Ai, C., & Norton, E. C. (2003) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-1765(03)00032-6 · Cited by 4,599
Applied Logistic Regression Analysis
Ziegel, E. R., & Menard, S. (1996) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1996.10484485 · Cited by 3,923
Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults — United States, 2005–2014
Jamal, A., Homa, D. M., O’Connor, E., Babb, S. D., Caraballo, R. S., Singh, T., Hu, S., & King, B. A. (2015) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6444a2 · Cited by 2,544
Smoking and Mental Illness: A Population-Based Prevalence Study
Lasser, K., Boyd, J. W., Woolhandler, S., Himmelstein, D. U., McCormick, D., & Bor, D. H. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.20.2606 · Cited by 2,508 · cited 2×
“Our dependent variable was current smoker status, determined by the response to the question “Do you currently smoke?” We considered individuals to have a mental health disorder or substance use disorder (referred to herein as “mental illness”) if (1) during the survey year they made an outpatient visit to a primary c…”
MethodStatistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lazar, N. A. (2003) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2003.s167 · Cited by 2,477
Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Chou, S. P., Stinson, F. S., & Dawson, D. A. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1107 · Cited by 1,262 · cited 1×
“Our dependent variable was current smoker status, determined by the response to the question “Do you currently smoke?” We considered individuals to have a mental health disorder or substance use disorder (referred to herein as “mental illness”) if (1) during the survey year they made an outpatient visit to a primary c…”
MethodApplied Logistic Regression Analysis.
Jessen, H. C., & Menard, S. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2988559 · Cited by 1,116
Predictive Margins with Survey Data
Graubard, B. I., & Korn, E. L. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00652.x · Cited by 875
Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2011
Agaku, I. T., King, B. A., & Dube, S. R. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.114523 · Cited by 773
Goodness of Link Tests for Generalized Linear Models
Pregibon, D. (1980) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2346405 · Cited by 764
Goodness-of-fit Test for a Logistic Regression Model Fitted using Survey Sample Data
Archer, K. J., & Lemeshow, S. A. (2006) · The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0600600106 · Cited by 592
Collaborative Care to Improve the Management of Depressive Disorders
Thota, A. B., Sipe, T. A., Byard, G. J., Zometa, C. S., Hahn, R. A., McKnight-Eily, L. R., Chapman, D. P., Abraído‐Lanza, A. F., Pearson, J. L., Anderson, C. W., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.01.019 · Cited by 492
Schroeder, S. A., & Morris, C. D. (2010) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103701 · Cited by 349
McClave, A. K., McKnight-Eily, L. R., Davis, S. P., & Dube, S. R. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.188136 · Cited by 339
Nicotine Dependence and Schizophrenia
Ziedonis, D. M., Kosten, T. R., Glazer, W. M., & FRANCES, R. J. (1994) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.45.3.204 · Cited by 302
Assessing motivation to quit smoking in people with mental illness: a review
Siru, R., Hulse, G. K., & Tait, R. J. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02545.x · Cited by 301
(2013) · PubMed Central · Cited by 293
Smoking, quitting, and psychiatric disease: A review
Aubin, H., Rollema, H., Svensson, T. H., & Winterer, G. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.007 · Cited by 241
Smoking Bans in Psychiatric Inpatient Settings? A Review of the Research
Lawn, S., & Pols, R. G. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01697.x · Cited by 227
Smoking bans in psychiatric inpatient settings? A review of the research.
Lawn, S., & Pols, R. (2005) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01697.x · Cited by 214
McFall, M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1769 · Cited by 213
Prochaska, J. J. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.002 · Cited by 198
Hall, S. M., Tsoh, J. Y., Prochaska, J. J., Eisendrath, S. J., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., Rosen, A. B., Meisner, M. R., Humfleet, G. L., & Gorecki, J. A. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.080382 · Cited by 190
Treatment of Tobacco Use in an Inpatient Psychiatric Setting
Prochaska, J. J., Gill, P., & Hall, S. M. (2004) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.11.1265 · Cited by 154
Spring, B. J., Pingitore, R., & McChargue, D. E. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.316 · Cited by 145
Vanable, P. A., Carey, M. P., Carey, K. B., & Maisto, S. A. (2003) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.17.4.259 · Cited by 132
A cognitive behavioral therapy for co-occurring substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders
McGovern, M. P., Lambert-Harris, C. A., Acquilano, S. C., Xie, H., Alterman, A. I., & Weiss, R. D. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.03.009 · Cited by 132
A Clinical Blueprint to Accelerate the Elimination of Tobacco Use
Fiore, M. C. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.17.2083 · Cited by 132
Treatment of Tobacco Dependence in Mental Health and Addictive Disorders
Hitsman, B. L., Moss, T. G., Montoya, I. D., & George, T. P. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905400604 · Cited by 130
International Spanish/English Internet smoking cessation trial yields 20% abstinence rates at 1 year
Muñoz, R. F., Barrera, A. Z., Delucchi, K., Penilla, C., Torres, L. D., & Pérez-Stable, E. J. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp090 · Cited by 127
Lawrence, D., Mitrou, F., & Zubrick, S. R. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-256 · Cited by 122
Hagman, B. T., Delnevo, C. D., Hrywna, M., & Williams, J. M. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.11.007 · Cited by 121
Prochaska, J. J., Hall, S. M., Tsoh, J. Y., Eisendrath, S. J., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., Rosen, A. B., Meisner, M. R., Humfleet, G. L., & Gorecki, J. A. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.101147 · Cited by 114
Cook, B. L., Doksum, T., Chen, C., Carle, A. C., & Alegria, M. M. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.006 · Cited by 106
Self-citationKalman, D. (1998) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826089809069815 · Cited by 100
Tobacco control policy in developed countries: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Warner, K. E., & Méndez, D. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq125 · Cited by 98
Trosclair, A., & Dube, S. R. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.011 · Cited by 87
Smoking by people with mental illness and benefits of smoke-free mental health services
Campion, J., Checinski, K., Nurse, J., & McNeill, A. D. (2008) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.108.005710 · Cited by 86
Trends In Mental Health Services Use And Spending, 1987–1996
Zuvekas, S. H. (2001) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.20.2.214 · Cited by 75
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health Mental Health Surveillance Study: calibration analysis
Aldworth, J., Colpe, L. J., Gfroerer, J., Novak, S. P., Chromy, J. R., Barker, P. R., Barnett‐Walker, K., Karg, R. S., Morton, K. B., & Spagnola, K. (2010) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.312 · Cited by 57
Phillips, K. M., & Brandon, T. H. (2004) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.35.3.281 · Cited by 28
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591
Wootton, R. E., Richmond, R. C., Stuijfzand, B. G., Lawn, R. B., Sallis, H. M., Taylor, G. M. J., Hemani, G., Jones, H. J., Zammit, S., Davey Smith, G., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002678 · Cited by 587
“, 1996) and might explain why smoking rates remain so high amongst individuals with schizophrenia and depression compared with the general population (Cook et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultSiu, A. L., & for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-2023 · Cited by 515
“Approximately 27% of persons with a mental health or substance use disorder smoke (17).”
BackgroundSmoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health
Prochaska, J. J., Das, S., & Young-Wolff, K. C. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044618 · Cited by 503
“While there is a growing appreciation and prioritization among tobacco researchers of the high smoking prevalence among those with mental illness (28, 34, 62), the lack of decline in use over time, despite population trends (29, 62, 134, 145), suggests that efforts at the general population level are not effectively a…”
BackgroundVolkow, N. D., & Blanco, C. (2023) · World psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21073 · Cited by 503
Metadata
- Authors
- Cook, B. L., Wayne, G. F., Kafali, E. N., Liu, Z., Shu, C., & Flores, M.
- Affiliations
- Cambridge Health Alliance (US)
- Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Southwest University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-01-08
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC5555156
- OpenAlex
- W2028087632
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 18
- FWCI
- 31.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh091042-02)
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG023482)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH091042)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- smoking, tobacco use, mental illness, smoking cessation, psychotherapy, nicotine dependence, tobacco use trends, depression, psychological distress, tobacco cessation interventions, tobacco control, adults with mental illness, tobacco harm reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Smoking, Social Control, Formal, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Prevalence, Smoking Cessation, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
