Assessing motivation to quit smoking in people with mental illness: a review

Siru, Ranita; Hulse, Gary K.; Tait, Robert J.

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02545.x

Cited by 301Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Assessing motivation to quit smoking in people with mental illness: a review

Siru, Ranita, Hulse, Gary K., Tait, Robert J.·2009·Addiction

DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02545.x

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Abstract

Background People with mental health (MH) disorders smoke at higher rates, are more nicotine‐dependent and suffer greater morbidity and mortality from smoking‐related illnesses than the general population. Helping these people to quit smoking is a public health priority; however, many MH professionals assume that those with mental illness are not motivated to quit. Objectives To use predetermined criteria to identify, review critically and evaluate empirically all English language, peer‐reviewed data on motivation to quit smoking in MH populations. Methods A systematic search was conducted and key data on subject characteristics, measures of motivation and other variables abstracted. χ 2 analyses were used to compare motivation between MH and general populations, between in‐patients and out‐patients and between people with depression and people with psychotic disorders. Results Evidence suggests that people with MH disorders are as motivated to quit smoking as the general population, although those with psychotic disorders may be less motivated than individuals with depression. Although readiness to cease smoking was assessed in 14 studies, only two evaluated motivation to quit smoking in in‐patient populations. Conclusions People with MH disorders are motivated to quit smoking, although more research is needed looking at in‐patient populations. The commonly held false belief that people with MH disorders are not motivated to cease smoking means that opportunities to encourage smoking cessation among this disenfranchised group are being missed.

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People with mental illness are equally motivated to quit as individuals without mental illness.
“Despite being equally motivated to quit as individuals without mental illness [7]”
From intEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and anxiety (ESCAPE): A randomised and controlled, multi-centre, acceptability and feasibility trial with nested qualitative methods (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
People with mental ill-health are as motivated to stop as those without mental ill-health.
“People with mental ill-health have a 19% reduction in the odds of achieving abstinence when attempting to stop (Hitsman et al., 2013), but are as motivated to stop as those without mental ill-health (Siru et al., 2009).”
From An application of the stress-diathesis model: A review about the association between smoking tobacco, smoking cessation, and mental health (2023) · cites this paper as Siru et al., 2009
People with depression/anxiety are motivated to quit smoking.
“even though they are motivated to quit [11]”
From IntEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and anxiety (ESCAPE): protocol for a randomised and controlled, multicentre, acceptability, feasibility and implementation trial (2019) · cites this paper as [11]

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Haug, N. A., Hall, S., Prochaska, J. J., Rosen, A. B., Tsoh, J. Y., Humfleet, G. L., Delucchi, K., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., & Eisendrath, S. J. (2005) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200500055368 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Acceptability and impact of a partial smoking ban in a psychiatric hospital
Etter, M., & Etter, J. (2006) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.011 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
II. Smoking cessation in the hospital setting---a new opportunity for managed care. Introduction
Rigotti, N. A. (2000) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.9.suppl_1.i54 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Depression and smoking: From the Transtheoretical Model of change perspective
Tsoh, J. Y., & Hall, S. M. (2004) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Prolonged nicotine patch use in quitters with past abstinence-induced depressed mood
Pomerleau, O. F., Pomerleau, C. S., Marks, J. L., Snedecor, S. M., Mehringer, A. M., Brouwer, R. J. N., & Saules, K. K. (2003) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00320-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Smoking Reduction & Cessation
Green, M. A., & Clarke, D. E. (2005) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20050501-08 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Implementing a Smoking Ban in an Acute Psychiatric Admissions Unit
Matthews, L. S., Diaz, B., Bird, P., Cook, A., Stephenson, A. E., Kraus, J. E., & Sheitman, B. (2005) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20051101-12 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Taking smoking cessation treatment seriously: the American Psychiatric Association's Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Nicotine Dependence
Hughes, J. R. (1998) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9344691.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Are the stages of change for smokers qualitatively distinct? An analysis using an adolescent sample.
Herzog, T. A. (2007) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.21.1.120 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change and Smokers in Southern Appalachia
Macnee, C. L., & McCabe, S. F. (2004) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200407000-00007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Response to Covey
Hitsman, B. L., Spring, B. J., Borrelli, B., McChargue, D. E., & NIAURA, R. S. (2004) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200410001727911 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Engaging Patients In Tobacco Dependence Treatment: Assessment and Motivational Techniques
Krejci, J. A., & Foulds, J. (2003) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20030701-05 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Trends in Smoking Among Adults With Mental Illness and Association Between Mental Health Treatment and Smoking Cessation
Cook, B. L., Wayne, G. F., Kafali, E. N., Liu, Z., Shu, C., & Flores, M. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284985 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Smoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health
Prochaska, J. J., Das, S., & Young-Wolff, K. C. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044618 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
“Among smokers hospitalized with mental illness, 65% were interested in quitting (114).”
Background
Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature
Twyman, L., Bonevski, B., Paul, C. L., & Bryant, J. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006414 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Smoking cessation for improving mental health
Taylor, G. M., Lindson, N., Farley, A., Leinberger-Jabari, A., Sawyer, K., te Water Naudé, R., Theodoulou, A., King, N., Burke, C., & Aveyard, P. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013522.pub2 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Depression and cigarette smoking behavior: a critical review of population-based studies
Weinberger, A. H., Kashan, R. S., Shpigel, D. M., Esan, H., Taha, F., Lee, C. J., Funk, A. P., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2016.1171327 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
“While adults with depression who smoke do not report differences in their motivation to quit smoking compared to adults without depression (55,81), adults with depression who smoke report lower confidence in their ability to resist smoking in a range of situations (e.”
Background
Smoking, quitting, and psychiatric disease: A review
Aubin, H., Rollema, H., Svensson, T. H., & Winterer, G. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.007 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health professionals' attitudes toward smoking and smoking cessation among people with mental illnesses: Mental health professionals' views on smoking
Sheals, K., Tombor, I., McNeill, A., & Shahab, L. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13387 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“This is in contrast to evidence that smoking cessation, if not actually benefitting mental health, does not impact mental health negatively in people with orwithout psychiatric disorders [20], even in life-long, long-term smokers [21], and that smokers with mental illnesses are just as likely to want to quit as smoker…”
BackgroundResult
Smoking cessation and reduction in people with chronic mental illness
Tidey, J. W., & Miller, M. E. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h4065 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression
van der Meer, R. M., Willemsen, M. C., Smit, F., & Cuijpers, P. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006102.pub2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Efficacy of Initiating Tobacco Dependence Treatment in Inpatient Psychiatry: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Prochaska, J. J., Hall, S. E., Delucchi, K., & Hall, S. M. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301403 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Furthermore, few patients hospitalized for psychiatric illness intend to quit smoking in the next 30 days.(8,32,33) For this reason, we focused on increasing motivation and engagement during a brief period of institutionalized abstinence and offered cessation treatment and access to 10 weeks of NRT up to 6 months foll…”
Background
Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: pharmacological principles and clinical practice
Aubin, H., Luquiens, A., & Berlin, I. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.12116 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Despite increasing evidence that individuals with psychiatric disorders are motivated to quit[101], tobacco addiction remains an undertreated and under-recognised problem within this patient population[102].”
Background
Diverging trends in smoking behaviors according to mental health status
Szatkowski, L., & McNeill, A. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu173 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on prevention of mental disorders
Campion, J., Bhui, K. S., & Bhugra, D. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.10.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“stop as the general population [258], they are less likely to be”
Background
Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in adults with serious mental illness: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Roberts, E., Eden Evins, A., McNeill, A., & Robson, D. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13236 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Smoking and quitting behaviours by mental health conditions in Great Britain (1993–2014)
Richardson, S., McNeill, A. D., & Brose, L. S. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.011 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Achieving Smoking Cessation in Individuals with Schizophrenia: Special Considerations
Cather, C., Pachas, G. N., Cieslak, K. M., & Evins, A. E. (2017) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0438-8 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Do people with mental illness receive adequate smoking cessation advice? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mitchell, A. J., Vancampfort, D., Binder, M. D., & Stubbs, B. (2014) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.11.006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Smoking and depression--a review.
Mendelsohn, C. P. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Supporting smoking cessation
Zwar, N. A., Mendelsohn, C. P., & RICHMOND, R. L. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f7535 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Barriers to Implementing Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Practices in Nine Community Mental Health Sites
Himelhoch, S. S., Riddle, J. N., & Goldman, H. H. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200247 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Achieving Smoke-Free Mental Health Services: Lessons from the Past Decade of Implementation Research
Lawn, S., & Campion, J. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10094224 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“smokers in the general population [71–73] and have, in fact, been shown in some studies to be more interested [52].”
Background
Treatment of Tobacco Use Disorders in Smokers with Serious Mental Illness
Evins, A. E., Cather, C., & Laffer, A. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000063 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Copyright © 2015 President and Fellows of Harvard Colle in attempts to quit smoking.(42,43) Age-adjustedmortality from smoking-related pulmonary and cardiovascular disease is 2–6 times higher among individuals with schizophrenia than in age-matched samples.”
Background
E-cigarettes versus NRT for smoking reduction or cessation in people with mental illness: secondary analysis of data from the ASCEND trial
O’Brien, B., Knight-West, O., Walker, N. K., Parag, V., & Bullen, C. (2015) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12971-015-0030-2 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“People with mental illness are motivated to quit smoking [4,11], but comparatively few data exist on the efficacy of standard cessation interventions when used by this population because they are routinely excluded from clinical trials.”
Background
Smoking Among Chronically Homeless Adults: Prevalence and Correlates
Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100398 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cigarette Smoking and Quitting-Related Factors Among US Adult Health Center Patients with Serious Mental Illness
Kalkhoran, S., Thorndike, A. N., Rigotti, N. A., Fung, V., & Baggett, T. P. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-04857-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Readiness to quit smoking and quit attempts among Australian mental health inpatients
Stockings, E., Bowman, J., McElwaine, K., Baker, A., Terry, M., Clancy, R., Bartlem, K., Wye, P., Bridge, P., Knight, J., et al. (2013) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nts206 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“…was higher among patients in the comorbid mental health and substance use unit, as previously observed in this population (Ferron et al., 2011; Solty et al., 2009), no differences were evident by unit or diagnostic grouping, or other demographic or clinical descriptors considered, with…”
Background
The International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Research Needs Statement 2010
Pinnock, H., Thomas, M. D., Tsiligianni, I., Lisspers, K., Østrem, A., Ställberg, B., Yusuf, O. M., Ryan, D. P., Buffels, J., Cals, J., et al. (2010) · Primary Care Respiratory Journal · doi:10.4104/pcrj.2010.00021 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mental health starts with physical health: current status and future directions of non-pharmacological interventions to improve physical health in first-episode psychosis
Gates, J., Killackey, E., Phillips, L., & Álvarez-Jiménez, M. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00213-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cognitive Dysfunction, Affective States, and Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction: A Multifactorial Perspective
Besson, M., & Forget, B. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00160 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The challenge of reducing smoking in people with serious mental illness
Sharma, R., GARTNER, C. E., & Hall, W. (2016) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30228-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Cigarette Smoking and Mental Illness: A Study of Nicotine Withdrawal
Smith, P. H., Homish, G. G., Giovino, G. A., & Kozlowski, L. T. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301502 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“) were motivated to stop using tobacco, which extends previous work on the topic.(41) Despite this motivation, we found that these smokers were less likely to be successful in their quit attempts, which was likely because of nicotine withdrawal and de-”
Chronic disease health risk behaviours amongst people with a mental illness
Bartlem, K. M., Bowman, J., Bailey, J. M., Freund, M., Wye, P. M., Lecathelinais, C., McElwaine, K., Campbell, E. M., Gillham, K. E., & Wiggers, J. H. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415569798 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“%) stages of change (Siru et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Barriers and Facilitators to Smoking Cessation Among People With Severe Mental Illness: A Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Studies
Trainor, K., & Leavey, G. (2016) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw183 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Smoking Reduction for Persons with Mental Illnesses: 6-Month Results from Community-Based Interventions
Morris, C. D., Waxmonsky, J. A., May, M. G., Tinkelman, D. G., Dickinson, M., & Giese, A. A. (2011) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9411-z · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Smoking and Mental Illness: Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Smoking and Smoking Cessation among Psychiatric Patients
Asharani, P. V., Seet, V. A. L., Abdin, E., Devi, F., Wang, P., Roystonn, K., Lee, Y. Y., Cetty, L., Teh, W. L., Verma, S. K., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155571 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“[39] reviewed the literature and compared the motivation to quit smoking among people with mental illness with that of the general population and concluded that people with mental illness are as motivated as the general population to quit smoking.”
Background
Depression, smoking and smoking cessation: a qualitative study
Clancy, N., Zwar, N., & Richmond, R. (2013) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmt032 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The smoking culture in psychiatry: time for change
Ratschen, E., Britton, J. R., & McNeill, A. D. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081372 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Smoking Cessation and Electronic Cigarettes in Community Mental Health Centers: Patient and Provider Perspectives
Chen, L., Baker, T. B., Brownson, R. C., Carney, R. M., Jorenby, D. E., Hartz, S. M., Smock, N., Johnson, M., Ziedonis, D. M., & Bierut, L. J. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0065-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“These data strengthen existing evidence that people with SMI are often contemplating quitting within 6 months (Forchuk et al. 2002; Siru et al. 2009), by direct assessments of patient interest in not only quitting and reducing, but also their interest in and current use of specific treatments (medication or counseling…”
Background
Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in physical health management of patients with severe mental illness
Chacón, F., Mora, F., Gervás-Ríos, A., & Gilaberte, I. (2011) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-10-22 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“In the US, 40% of smoking-related deaths occur among mentally ill patients and substance abusers [67].”
Background
Innovative approaches to support smoking cessation for individuals with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders
Das, S., & Prochaska, J. J. (2017) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2017.1361823 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
An application of the stress-diathesis model: A review about the association between smoking tobacco, smoking cessation, and mental health
Taylor, G. M. J., & Treur, J. L. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100335 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Stress-diathesis models are derived from the psychopathology literature and take into account individual variation in static and changeable factors (Slavik & Croake 2006), and may be a more appropriate way to examine the association between smoking and mental health.”
Method
Conceptualisation and validation of system use reduction as a self-regulatory IS use behaviour
Osatuyi, B., & Turel, O. (2020) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2019.1709575 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Smoking Before and During Pregnancy Among Women Reporting Depression or Anxiety
Tong, V. T., Farr, S. L., Bombard, J. M., D’Angelo, D. V., Ko, J. Y., & England, L. J. (2016) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000001595 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“24,25 Patients and health care providers should be aware that tobacco cessation can contribute to improved mental health and improved pregnancy health.”
Mental Health Workers’ Views on Addressing Tobacco Use
Ashton, M., Lawn, S., & Hosking, J. R. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.488637 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Smoking expectancies and intention to quit in smokers with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and non-psychiatric controls
Tidey, J. W., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.032 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Results from the current study are consistent with emerging evidence that percentages of smokers with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who intend to quit smoking are quite similar to those of equally-heavy smokers without psychiatric illness (Siru et al., 2009; Solty et al., 2009).”
Supporting smoking cessation and preventing relapse following a stay in a smoke‐free setting: a meta‐analysis and investigation of effective behaviour change techniques
Shoesmith, E., Huddlestone, L., Lorencatto, F., Shahab, L., Gilbody, S. M., & Ratschen, E. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15452 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“However, people with mental health conditions are just as motivated to quit as those in the general population [2,6], but are less likely to receive the required support compared to smokers without mental health conditions [3].”
Background
Evaluation of the Taking Texas Tobacco Free Workplace Program within behavioral health centers
Correa-Fernández, V., Wilson, W. T., Kyburz, B., O’Connor, D. P., Stacey, T., Williams, T., Lam, C. Y., & Reitzel, L. R. (2018) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/iby067 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mental health, smoking, harm reduction and quit attempts – a population survey in England
Brose, L. S., Brown, J., Robson, D., & McNeill, A. D. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09308-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“The present finding that those with a mental health problem are at least as likely to be motivated to stop smoking is in line with earlier findings which used different measures to measure related constructs [4, 30, 37].”
Result
Whole-person care: from rhetoric to reality. Achieving parity between mental and physical health.
Bailey, S., Thorpe, L. N., & Smith, G. (2013) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Increasing tobacco dependence treatment through continuing education training for behavioral health professionals.
Williams, J. M., Miskimen, T., Minsky, S., Cooperman, N. A., Miller, M., Budsock, P. D., Cruz, J., & Steinberg, M. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300523 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge: A randomised controlled trial
Metse, A. P., Wiggers, J. H., Wye, P. M., Wolfenden, L., Freund, M., Clancy, R., Stockings, E., Terry, M., Allan, J., Colyvas, K., et al. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417692424 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“, 2000), smokers with a mental illness wish to quit smoking (Siru et al., 2009; Stockings et al., 2013), and attempt to do so at similar rates to smokers without a mental illness (McClave et al.”
Background
Co-morbid tobacco use disorder and depression: A re-evaluation of smoking cessation therapy in depressed smokers
Morozova, M., Rabin, R. A., & George, T. P. (2015) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12277 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: present and future
Aubin, H.-J., Karila, L., & Reynaud, M. (2011) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161211796150837 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Despite the availability of effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and psychosocial interventions, as well as increasing evidence that individuals with psychiatric disorders are motivated to quit [78], nicotine dependence remains an undertreated and under-recognized problem within this patient population [79].”
Background
Smoking Use and Cessation Among People with Serious Mental Illness.
Annamalai, A., Singh, N., & O’Malley, S. S. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Implementation of a tobacco-free workplace program at a local mental health authority
Correa-Fernández, V., Wilson, W. T., Shedrick, D. A., Kyburz, B., Samaha, H. L., Stacey, T., Williams, T., Lam, C. Y., & Reitzel, L. R. (2017) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-017-0476-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tailored tobacco dependence support for mental health patients: a model for inpatient and community services
Parker, C. H., McNeill, A. D., & Ratschen, E. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04082.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Contrary to common perception, patients with SMI are frequently willing [16] and able to quit smoking provided they receive appropriate support [17].”
Background
Acceptability and Receipt of Preventive Care for Chronic-Disease Health Risk Behaviors Reported by Clients of Community Mental Health Services
Bartlem, K. M., Bowman, J., Freund, M., Wye, P. M., Lecathelinais, C., McElwaine, K., Wolfenden, L., Gillham, K. E., & Wiggers, J. H. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400360 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Smoking cessation behaviors among persons with psychiatric diagnoses: Results from a population-level state survey
Morris, C. D., Burns, E. K., Waxmonsky, J. A., & Levinson, A. H. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Past research has found that most smokers in both the general population (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011b) and psychiatric populations (Prochaska et al., 2004; Siru et al., 2009) want to quit; our study had similar findings.”
Result
What do 1000 smokers with mental illness say about their tobacco use?
Ashton, M., Rigby, A., & Galletly, C. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413482008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Despite the impact of tobacco use on the health, finances, and quality of life of smokers who live with mental illness, few programmes have been specifically provided to help this group of smokers (Etter et al., 2004; Lucksted et al., 2004; Williams and Foulds, 2007; Siru et al., 2009).”
Background
Smoking cessation in persons with serious mental illnesses: The experience of successful quitters.
Dickerson, F., Bennett, M. E., Dixon, L. B., Burke, E., Vaughan, C., Delahanty, J. C., & DiClemente, C. C. (2011) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/34.4.2011.311.316 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Depression, diabetes, and chronic disease risk factors among US women of reproductive age.
Farr, S. L., Hayes, D., Bitsko, R. H., Bansil, P., & Dietz, P. M. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Model for Mental Health Tobacco Recovery in New Jersey
Williams, J. M., Zimmermann, M. H., Steinberg, M. L., Gandhi, K. K., Delnevo, C., Steinberg, M. B., & Foulds, J. (2010) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0324-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Motivation to Quit Smoking Among Hospitalised Individuals with and Without Mental Health Disorders
Siru, R., Hulse, G. K., Khan, R. J. K., & Tait, R. J. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048671003627413 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
Smokers with Self-Reported Mental Health Conditions: A Case for Screening in the Context of Tobacco Cessation Services
Tedeschi, G. J., Cummins, S. E., Anderson, C. M., Anthenelli, R. M., Zhuang, Y.-L., & Zhu, S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159127 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Smoking Cessation Intervention for severe Mental Ill Health Trial (SCIMITAR): a pilot randomised control trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a bespoke smoking cessation service
Peckham, E. J., Man, M., Mitchell, N., Li, J., Becque, T., Knowles, S. E., Bradshaw, T., Planner, C., Parrott, S., Michie, S., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19250 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Social worker 7 (15) 4 (8) 134 32 Family support worker 1 (2) 0 (0) 2 0 Accommodation key worker 3 (7) 1 (2) 19 24 Drug and alcohol support worker 3 (7) 4 (8) 17 37 Day centre/drop-in centre 8 (17) 8 (16) 223 221 Community pharmacist 7 (15) 9 (18) 17 23 NHS Stop Smoking Services helpline 1 (2) 3 (6) 1 8 Podiatrist 1 (…”
Views about integrating smoking cessation treatment within psychological services for patients with common mental illness: A multi‐perspective qualitative study
(2020) · doi:10.1111/hex.13182 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Treating Tobacco Dependence at the Intersection of Diversity, Poverty, and Mental Illness: A Randomized Feasibility and Replication Trial
Hickman, N. J., III, Delucchi, K., & Prochaska, J. J. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv034 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
In it together: Physical health and well-being for people with mental illness
Lawn, S. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867411432079 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Many people may feel they just can’t succeed or are scared of becoming unwell (Siru et al., 2009).”
Background
The role of mental illness on cigarette dependence and successful quitting in a nationally representative, household-based sample of U.S. adults
Forman‐Hoffman, V. L., Hedden, S. L., Glasheen, C., Davies, C., & Colpe, L. J. (2016) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.05.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Research indicates that a substantial proportion of people with MI have a desire to quit smoking (16, 17) and that smoking cessation interventions can be effective among those with MI (18, 19).”
Background
Mental health clinician attitudes to the provision of preventive care for chronic disease risk behaviours and association with care provision
Bartlem, K. M., Bowman, J., Ross, K., Freund, M., Wye, P. M., McElwaine, K., Gillham, K. E., Doherty, E. L., Wolfenden, L., & Wiggers, J. H. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0763-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Other studies have indicated such views of clinicians may be unfounded, with people with a mental illness being shown to be receptive to receiving preventive care and interested in improving their health risk behaviours [49–53].”
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Depressive symptoms predict smoking cessation in a 20-year longitudinal study of adult twins
Ranjit, A., Latvala, A., Kinnunen, T., Kaprio, J. A., & Korhonen, T. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106427 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Assessment of Nicotine Dependence, Mental Health, and Attempts to Quit Smoking: Evidence from Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Snell, M., Harless, D. W., Shin, S. H., Cunningham, P., & Barnes, A. C. (2020) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106787 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Our findings are consistent with some previous studies assessing motivation to quit (Siru et al., 2009), and suggest that these smokers may simply be less successful at achieving cessation when coping with high nicotine dependence.”
BackgroundResult
Making the journey with me: a qualitative study of experiences of a bespoke mental health smoking cessation intervention for service users with serious mental illness
Knowles, S. E., Planner, C., Bradshaw, T., Peckham, E. J., Man, M., & Gilbody, S. M. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0901-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“However, despite being as motivated to stop smoking as the general population, only a minority of those with mental illness receive smoking cessation interventions [12].”
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Kagabo, R., Gordon, A. J., & Okuyemi, K. S. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100255 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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“Despite evidence that people with mental health conditions are often as motivated to quit smoking as the general population [4], it may be that professional stop smoking support is not easily accessible for this group.”
Promoting and Maintaining Changes in Smoking Behavior for Patients Following Discharge from a Smoke-free Mental Health Inpatient Stay: Development of a Complex Intervention Using the Behavior Change Wheel
Shoesmith, E., Huddlestone, L., Pervin, J., Shahab, L., Coventry, P. A., Coleman, T. J., Lorencatto, F., Gilbody, S. M., Leahy, M., Horspool, M. J., et al. (2022) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac242 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“3–5 Although people with mental health conditions are just as motivated to quit as those in the general population, ,3,6 they are less likely to receive the support they require compared with smokers without mental health conditions.”
Effectiveness of Proactive Tobacco Cessation Treatment Outreach Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness
Japuntich, S. J., Hammett, P. J., Rogers, E. S., Fu, S., Burgess, D. J., El Shahawy, O., Melzer, A. C., Noorbaloochi, S., Krebs, P., & Sherman, S. E. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa013 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Smoking Patterns and Smoking Cessation Willingness—A Study among Beneficiaries of Government Welfare Assistance in Poland
Milcarz, K., Makowiec-Dąbrowska, T., Bąk‐Romaniszyn, L., & Kaleta, D. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14020131 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“The mental health condition is a strong predictor of smoking and may be associated with smoking cessation intentions and quitting success [34,67,68].”
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A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial Testing the Effectiveness of the Addressing Tobacco Through Organizational Change Model for Improving the Treatment of Tobacco Use in Community Mental Health Care: Preliminary Study Feasibility and Baseline Findings
Flitter, A., Lubitz, S. F., Ziedonis, D. M., Stevens, N., Leone, F. T., Mandell, D. S., Kimberly, J. R., Lopez, O., Beidas, R. S., & Schnoll, R. A. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty239 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Lin, S. C., Gathua, N., Thompson, C. L., Sripipatana, A., & Makaroff, L. A. (2022) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.34132 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“When developing and tailoring smoking cessation treatment and interventions for individuals with mental health conditions and SUDs, it is important to recognize these individuals are as motivated to quit smoking as the general population.(37) Nevertheless, implicit biases, treatment beliefs, false perceptions, and the…”
Background
Effective Cessation Strategies for Smokers with Schizophrenia
Evins, A. E., & Cather, C. (2015) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2015.08.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Caponnetto, P., Polosa, R., Robson, D., & Bauld, L. (2020) · Health Psychology Research · doi:10.4081/hpr.2020.9042 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Filia, S., Baker, A., Gurvich, C., RICHMOND, R. L., Lewin, T. J., & Kulkarni, J. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Smokers diagnosed with psychosis are motivated to quit (Siru et al., 2009), but their success rates are more modest than those of people without mental illness (El-Guebaly et al.”
Background
Supporting change in chronic disease risk behaviours for people with a mental illness: a qualitative study of the experiences of family carers
Bailey, J. M., Hansen, V., Wye, P. M., Wiggers, J. H., Bartlem, K. M., & Bowman, J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5314-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Harm Perceptions of E-cigarettes Among Smokers With and Without Mental Health Conditions in England: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey
Smith, C. A., Shahab, L., McNeill, A. D., Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., & Brose, L. S. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa020 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“5 However, smokers with mental health conditions are just as motivated to quit as smokers without mental health conditions, 3,7 although those with mental health conditions experience greater dependence on smoking and long-term quit rates among this group are lower.”
Background
Preconception Health Among Women with Frequent Mental Distress: A Population-Based Study
Farr, S. L., & Bish, C. L. (2012) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.3722 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Compared with individuals who have good mental health, those with mental health conditions may be just as motivated to quit smoking 22 and to lose weight.”
Patterns of tobacco use, quit attempts, readiness to quit and selfefficacy among smokers with anxiety or depression: Findings among six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Petroulia, I., Kyriakos, C. N., Papadakis, S., Tzavara, C., Filippidis, F. T., Girvalaki, C., Peleki, T., Katsaounou, P. A., McNeill, A. D., Mons, U., et al. (2019) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/98965 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Forman‐Hoffman, V. L., Hedden, S. L., Kilmer, G., Brown, K., Teich, J. L., & Gfroerer, J. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.09.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nondaily Cigarette Smoking Is Increasing Among People With Common Mental Health and Substance Use Problems in the United States: Data From Representative Samples of US Adults, 2005–2014
Weinberger, A. H., Streck, J. M., Pacek, L. R., & Goodwin, R. D. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.17m11945 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Smoking Cessation in patients with severe mental illness
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Authors: Siru, R., Hulse, G. K., & Tait, R. J.
Affiliations: The University of Western Australia (AU)
Corresponding author: Hulse, Gary K.
ORCID: Siru, Ranita
Hulse, Gary K.
Tait, Robert J.
Venue: Addiction
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-04-07
Volume: 104
Issue: 5
Pages: 719-733
ISSN: 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
1360-0443
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02545.x
OpenAlex: W2033726919
Cited by: 301
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 8.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Addiction (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: smoking cessation, smoking cessation motivation, mental illness, nicotine dependence, depression, psychosis, hospitalized patients, outpatients, readiness to quit
MeSH terms: Smoking Prevention, Mental Disorders, Hospitalization, Humans, Motivation, Smoking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation

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Assessing motivation to quit smoking in people with mental illness: a review

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