The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
case rate of 587 per 100 000.The crude COVID-19 death rate in prisons was 39 deaths per 100 000 prisoners, which was higher than the US population rate of 29 deaths per 100 000 (Table).However, individuals aged 65 years or older comprised a smaller share of the prison population than of the US population (3% vs 16%, respectively) and accounted for 81% of COVID-19 deaths in the US population.The Table provides a standardized calculation showing that the adjusted death rate in the prison population was 3.0 times higher than would be expected if the age and sex distributions of the US and prison populations were equal.The Figure displays the daily trends in cumulative, confirmed cases of COVID-19 in state and federal prisons and the US population from March 31, 2020, to June 6, 2020.The COVID-19 case rate was initially lower in prisons but surpassed the US population on April 14, 2020.The mean daily case growth rate was 8.3% per day in prisons and 3.4% per day in the US population.Discussion | COVID-19 case rates have been substantially higher and escalating much more rapidly in prisons than in the US population.One limitation of the study is that it relied on officially reported data, which may be subject to inaccuracies and reporting delays, but are the only data available.Comprehensive data on testing rates were not available, and testing rates in both prisons and the overall population were uneven, with many facilities testing no prisoners or only symptomatic persons.2,5 Mass testing in select prisons revealed wide COVID-19 outbreaks, with infection rates exceeding 65% in several facilities. 2 Reported case rates for prisoners therefore likely understated the true prevalence of COVID-19 in prisons.A second limitation is that departments of corrections generally did not report demographic data on decedents, and therefore we could not adjust death rates to account for race/ ethnicity and comorbidity.This study focused on prisons but did not include jails or other detention facilities where there have been notable COVID-19 outbreaks.Although some facilities did engage in efforts to control outbreaks, the findings suggest that overall, COVID-19 in US prisons is unlikely to be contained without implementation of more effective infection control.
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“Nevertheless, what emerges from preliminary data is the negative impact of long COVID on quality of life and its effects on patient work ability and social relationships [1,4,19].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The high incidence of long COVID within our cohort was similar to that previously reported: more than half of patients reported symptoms lasting more than 2 months after symptom onset [4,5,16,18,19].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148
La certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648 · Cited by 17,016
Docherty, A. B., Harrison, E. M., Green, C. A., Hardwick, H. E., Pius, R., Norman, L., Holden, K. A., Read, J. M., Dondelinger, F., Carson, G., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1985 · Cited by 3,481
Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach
Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group, Landi, F., Gremese, E., Bernabei, R., Fantoni, M., Gasbarrini, A., Settanni, C. R., Benvenuto, F., Bramato, G., Carfì, A., et al. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x · Cited by 269
Self-citationThe New Challenge of Geriatrics: Saving Frail Older People from the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic Infection,
Landi, F., Barillaro, C., Bellieni, A., Brandi, V., Carfì, A., D'Angelo, M., Fusco, D., Landi, G., Monaco, M. R. L., Martone, A. M., et al. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1356-x · Cited by 145
Self-citationMeasuring symptomatic and functional recovery in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Metlay, J. P., Fine, M. J., Schulz, R., Marrie, T. J., Coley, C. M., Kapoor, W. N., & Singer, D. E. (1997) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.00074.x · Cited by 129
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Pretorius, E., Venter, C., Laubscher, G. J., Kotze, M. J., Moremi, K. E., Oladejo, S. O., Watson, L. R., Rajaratnam, K., Watson, B. W., & Kell, D. B. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1205453/v1 · Cited by 31
“28 Figure13: (1) After activation, platelets express P-selectin on their membranes, followed by platelet-T cell complex formation (2); P-selectin on platelet membranes are also recognized by macrophages, possibly by the Fcγ-receptor; clearance may result due to either receptor binding or phagocytosis (3).”
BackgroundRecognizing the Clinical Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: COVID-19 Long-Haulers
Leviner, S. (2021) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.05.003 · Cited by 27
Skilbeck, L. (2022) · Chronic Illness · doi:10.1177/17423953221113605 · Cited by 23
“Typical symptoms can range from fatigue, breathlessness, brain fog, body aches, chest pain and cough amongst many.(6) These physical health impacts have also been shown to parallel mental health impacts such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety.”
BackgroundNociplastic pain: the prominent role of non-neuronal cells in central and peripheral sensitization
Lai, W., Tang, X., Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Qi, Z., Cao, M., Yuan, C., Yu, J., & Wen, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1677310 · Cited by 4
“Although numerous studies have shown that some viral infections can lead to peripheral neuropathy, there are some patients who continue to experience pain even after receiving standard fi rst-line anti-in fl ammatory and analgesic therapies in clinical practice (15, 16).”
IAPT CBT treatment for PTSD following COVID-19-related intensive care admission – a case study
Skilbeck, L., & Byrne, S. (2022) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x22000289 · Cited by 3
“These symptoms include fatigue, breathlessness, poor concentration, body aches, chest pain and cough, amongst many (Carfi et al., 2020; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2020a).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., & for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group
- Affiliations
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Carfì, Angelo
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-08-11
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 603
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC7349096
- OpenAlex
- W3041493976
- Cited by
- 4,561
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 139 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 495 · 2023: 827 · 2022: 1183 · 2021: 1373 · 2020: 245
- FWCI
- 393.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, long COVID, post-acute symptoms, prisoners, prison population, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 case rates, infection control, jails, detention centers, COVID-19 outbreak
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Chest Pain, Dyspnea, Fatigue, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Arthralgia, Pandemics, Symptom Assessment
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