The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
case rate of 587 per 100 000.The crude COVID-19 death rate in prisons was 39 deaths per 100 000 prisoners, which was higher than the US population rate of 29 deaths per 100 000 (Table).However, individuals aged 65 years or older comprised a smaller share of the prison population than of the US population (3% vs 16%, respectively) and accounted for 81% of COVID-19 deaths in the US population.The Table provides a standardized calculation showing that the adjusted death rate in the prison population was 3.0 times higher than would be expected if the age and sex distributions of the US and prison populations were equal.The Figure displays the daily trends in cumulative, confirmed cases of COVID-19 in state and federal prisons and the US population from March 31, 2020, to June 6, 2020.The COVID-19 case rate was initially lower in prisons but surpassed the US population on April 14, 2020.The mean daily case growth rate was 8.3% per day in prisons and 3.4% per day in the US population.Discussion | COVID-19 case rates have been substantially higher and escalating much more rapidly in prisons than in the US population.One limitation of the study is that it relied on officially reported data, which may be subject to inaccuracies and reporting delays, but are the only data available.Comprehensive data on testing rates were not available, and testing rates in both prisons and the overall population were uneven, with many facilities testing no prisoners or only symptomatic persons.2,5 Mass testing in select prisons revealed wide COVID-19 outbreaks, with infection rates exceeding 65% in several facilities. 2 Reported case rates for prisoners therefore likely understated the true prevalence of COVID-19 in prisons.A second limitation is that departments of corrections generally did not report demographic data on decedents, and therefore we could not adjust death rates to account for race/ ethnicity and comorbidity.This study focused on prisons but did not include jails or other detention facilities where there have been notable COVID-19 outbreaks.Although some facilities did engage in efforts to control outbreaks, the findings suggest that overall, COVID-19 in US prisons is unlikely to be contained without implementation of more effective infection control.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, what emerges from preliminary data is the negative impact of long COVID on quality of life and its effects on patient work ability and social relationships [1,4,19].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The high incidence of long COVID within our cohort was similar to that previously reported: more than half of patients reported symptoms lasting more than 2 months after symptom onset [4,5,16,18,19].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148
La certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648 · Cited by 17,016
Docherty, A. B., Harrison, E. M., Green, C. A., Hardwick, H. E., Pius, R., Norman, L., Holden, K. A., Read, J. M., Dondelinger, F., Carson, G., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1985 · Cited by 3,481
Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach
Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group, Landi, F., Gremese, E., Bernabei, R., Fantoni, M., Gasbarrini, A., Settanni, C. R., Benvenuto, F., Bramato, G., Carfì, A., et al. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x · Cited by 269
Self-citationThe New Challenge of Geriatrics: Saving Frail Older People from the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic Infection,
Landi, F., Barillaro, C., Bellieni, A., Brandi, V., Carfì, A., D'Angelo, M., Fusco, D., Landi, G., Monaco, M. R. L., Martone, A. M., et al. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1356-x · Cited by 145
Self-citationMeasuring symptomatic and functional recovery in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Metlay, J. P., Fine, M. J., Schulz, R., Marrie, T. J., Coley, C. M., Kapoor, W. N., & Singer, D. E. (1997) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.00074.x · Cited by 129
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nalbandian, A., Sehgal, K., Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., McGroder, C., Stevens, J. S., Cook, J. R., Nordvig, A. S., Shalev, D., Sehrawat, T. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z · Cited by 4,862
“Potential mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of post-acute COVID-19 include: (1) virus-specific pathophysiologic changes; (2) immunologic aberrations and inflammatory damage in response to the acute infection; and (3) expected sequelae of post-critical illness.”
BackgroundRETRACTED: 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study
Huang, C., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Gu, X., Kang, L., Guo, L., Liu, M., Zhou, X., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32656-8 · Cited by 4,084
RetractedCharacterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact
Davis, H. E., Assaf, G. S., McCorkell, L., Wei, H., Low, R. J., Re'em, Y., Redfield, S., Austin, J. P., & Akrami, A. (2021) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019 · Cited by 2,881
More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lopez-Leon, S., Wegman-Ostrosky, T., Perelman, C., Sepulveda, R., Rebolledo, P. A., Cuapio, A., & Villapol, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8 · Cited by 2,757
NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications
Guo, Q., Jin, Y., Chen, X., Ye, X., Shen, X., Lin, M., Zeng, C., Zhou, T., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9 · Cited by 2,405
Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19
Xie, Y., Xu, E., Bowe, B. C., & Al‐Aly, Z. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3 · Cited by 2,125
Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care
Greenhalgh, T., Knight, M., A’Court, C., Buxton, M., & Husain, L. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3026 · Cited by 1,771
Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2
Gaebler, C., Wang, Z., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Muecksch, F., Finkin, S., Tokuyama, M., Cho, A., Jankovic, M., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Oliveira, T. Y., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03207-w · Cited by 1,674
Chen, C., Haupert, S. R., Zimmermann, L., Shi, X., Fritsche, L. G., & Mukherjee, B. (2022) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac136 · Cited by 1,448
Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments
Yong, S. J. (2021) · Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397 · Cited by 1,339
Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management
Crook, H., Raza, S., Nowell, J., Young, M., & Edison, P. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1648 · Cited by 1,655
Yeoh, Y. K., Zuo, T., Lui, G. C.-Y., Zhang, F., Liu, Q., Li, A. Y. L., Chung, A. C., Cheung, C. P., Tso, E. Y. K., Fung, K. S., et al. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020 · Cited by 1,346
“As some patients with COVID-19 report persistent symptoms after recovery and/or subsequently develop multisystem inflammation, 27 we hypothesised that the dysbiotic gut microbiota”
Garrigues, E., Janvier, P., Kherabi, Y., Bot, A. L., Hamon, A., Gouze, H., Doucet, L., Berkani, S., Oliosi, E., Mallart, É., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 · Cited by 1,158
Phetsouphanh, C., Darley, D. R., Wilson, D. B., Howe, A., Munier, C. M. L., Patel, S. K., Juno, J. A., Burrell, L. M., Kent, S. J., Dore, G. J., et al. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01113-x · Cited by 1,062
Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review
Aiyegbusi, O. L., Hughes, S. E., Turner, G., Rivera, S. C., McMullan, C., Chandan, J. S., Haroon, S., Price, G., Davies, E. H., Nirantharakumar, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/01410768211032850 · Cited by 969
“4% had at least one symptom (predominantly fatigue and dyspnoea) and 55% reported three or more symptoms at the time of assessment, approximately eight weeks from the onset of the first symptom.(14) A study of 26 patients with mild COVID-19 reported that 96.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialShort-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Groff, D., Sun, A., Ssentongo, A. E., Ba, D. M., Parsons, N., Poudel, G. R., Lekoubou, A., Oh, J. S., Ericson, J. E., Ssentongo, P., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28568 · Cited by 1,010
Collaborators, G. B. O. D. L. C., Hanson, S. W., Abbafati, C., Aerts, J. G. J. V., Al‐Aly, Z., Ashbaugh, C., Ballouz, T., Blyuss, O. B., Bobkova, P., Bonsel, G. J., et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.18931 · Cited by 1,015
Raveendran, A. V., Jayadevan, R., & Sashidharan, S. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.007 · Cited by 921
“A report from Italy found that 87% of people recovered and discharged from hospitals showed persistence of at least one symptom even at 60 days [16].”
BackgroundHow and why patients made Long Covid
Callard, F. J., & Perego, E. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426 · Cited by 1,001
Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection
Al-Aly, Z., Bowe, B., & Xie, Y. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01840-0 · Cited by 866
6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study
Huang, C., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Gu, X., Kang, L., Guo, L., Liu, M., Zhou, X., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00810-3 · Cited by 916
Proal, A. D., & VanElzakker, M. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169 · Cited by 921
Sequelae in Adults at 6 Months After COVID-19 Infection
Logue, J. K., Franko, N., McCulloch, D. J., McDonald, D., Magedson, A., Wolf, C. R., & Chu, H. Y. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0830 · Cited by 882
Mandal, S., Barnett, J., Brill, S. E., Brown, J. S., Denneny, E. K., Hare, S. S., Heightman, M., Hillman, T. E., Jacob, J., Jarvis, H. C., et al. (2021) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215818 · Cited by 864
Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome?
Goërtz, Y. M. J., Herck, M. V., Delbressine, J. M., Vaes, A. W., Meys, R., Machado, F. V. C., Houben‐Wilke, S., Burtin, C., Posthuma, R., Franssen, F. M. E., et al. (2020) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00542-2020 · Cited by 880
“, those who were hospitalized) also a symptom burden persists in the months after the onset of symptoms this is in line with recent findings in hospitalized patients [4].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic
Sachs, J. D., Karim, S. S. A., Aknin, L., Allen, J., Brosbøl, K., Colombo, F., Barron, G. C., Espinosa, M. F., Gaspar, V., Gaviria, A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9 · Cited by 842
Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19
Woodruff, M. C., Ramonell, R. P., Nguyen, D. C., Cashman, K. S., Saini, A. S., Haddad, N. S., Ley, A. M., Kyu, S., Howell, J. C., Ozturk, T., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z · Cited by 791
Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom onset
Carvalho-Schneider, C., Laurent, E., Lemaignen, A., Beaufils, E., Bourbao-Tournois, C., Laribi, S., Flament, T., Ferreira-Maldent, N., Bruyère, F., Stefic, K., et al. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.052 · Cited by 764
Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study
Xiong, Q., Xu, M., Li, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, Y., & Dong, W. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.023 · Cited by 751
Halpin, D. M. G., Criner, G. J., Papi, A. A., Singh, D., Anzueto, A., Martínez, F. J., Agusti, A. A., & Vogelmeier, C. F. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202009-3533so · Cited by 793
Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Chopra, V., Flanders, S. A., O’Malley, M., Malani, A. N., & Prescott, H. C. (2021) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-5661 · Cited by 723
Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized COVID-19 “long haulers”
Graham, E. L., Clark, J. R., Orban, Z. S., Lim, P. H., Szymanski, A. L., Taylor, C., DiBiase, R. M., Jia, D. T., Balabanov, R., Ho, S. U., et al. (2021) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51350 · Cited by 693
“Number of neurologic symptoms attributed to Covid-19 (median [IQR]) 5 [4-7] 5 [4-6] 5.”
BackgroundAutonomic dysfunction in ‘long COVID’: rationale, physiology and management strategies
Dani, M., Dirksen, A., Taraborrelli, P., Torocastro, M., Panagopoulos, D., Sutton, R., & Lim, P. B. (2020) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0896 · Cited by 769
Long-term Health Consequences of COVID-19
del Rı́o, C., Collins, L. F., & Malani, P. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.19719 · Cited by 746
Nasserie, T., Hittle, M., & Goodman, S. N. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11417 · Cited by 702
Augustin, M., Schommers, P., Stecher, M., Dewald, F., Gieselmann, L., Gruell, H., Horn, C., Vanshylla, K., Cristanziano, V. D., Osebold, L., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100122 · Cited by 715
Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Bai, F., Tomasoni, D., Falcinella, C., Barbanotti, D., Castoldi, R., Mulè, G., Augello, M., Mondatore, D., Allegrini, M., Cona, A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.002 · Cited by 644
Evans, R. A., McAuley, H., Harrison, E. M., Shikotra, A., Singapuri, A., Sereno, M., Elneima, O., Docherty, A. B., Lone, N., Leavy, O. C., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00383-0 · Cited by 692
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: A Mediterranean cohort study
Moreno, Ó., Merino, E., León‐Ramírez, J., Andrés, M., Ramos, J. M., Arenas-Jiménez, J. J., Sánchez, S. A., Pérez, R. M. S., Torregrosa, P. R., Rodríguez-Galán, I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.004 · Cited by 769
Ladds, E. C., Rushforth, A., Wieringa, S., Taylor, S., Rayner, C. R., Husain, L., & Greenhalgh, T. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-06001-y · Cited by 687
Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity
Brodin, P. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01202-8 · Cited by 670
Bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab in Mild or Moderate Covid-19
Dougan, M., Nirula, A., Azizad, M., Mocherla, B., Gottlieb, R. L., Chen, P., Hebert, C., Perry, R., Boscia, J., Heller, B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2102685 · Cited by 663
Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID
Mehandru, S., & Mérad, M. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01104-y · Cited by 675
Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus
Raman, B., Bluemke, D. A., Lüscher, T. F., & Neubauer, S. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac031 · Cited by 717
Malik, P., Patel, K., Pinto, C., Jaiswal, R., Tirupathi, R., Pillai, S., & Patel, U. K. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27309 · Cited by 670
Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
Bowe, B. C., Xie, Y., & Al‐Aly, Z. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02051-3 · Cited by 656
Arnold, D., Hamilton, F., Milne, A., Morley, A. J., Viner, J., Attwood, M., Noel, A. R., Gunning, S., Hatrick, J., Hamilton, S., et al. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216086 · Cited by 645
Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19
Yang, A. C., Kern, F., Losada, P. M., Agam, M. R., Maat, C. A., Schmartz, G. P., Fehlmann, T., Stein, J. A., Schaum, N., Lee, D. P., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03710-0 · Cited by 620
Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records
Thompson, E. J., Williams, D. M., Walker, A. J., Mitchell, R. E., Niedzwiedz, C. L., Yang, T., Huggins, C. F., Kwong, A. S. F., Silverwood, R. J., Gessa, G. D., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30836-0 · Cited by 605
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Palacios‐Ceña, D., Gómez‐Mayordomo, V., Florêncio, L. L., Cuadrado, M. L., Plaza‐Manzano, G., & Navarro‐Santana, M. J. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.009 · Cited by 607
“[19]Iqbal et al 2021 [31] Carfi et al 2020 [27] Zhou et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialMahmud, R., Rahman, M. M., Rassel, M. A., Monayem, F. B., Sayeed, S. K. J. B., Islam, M. S., & Islam, M. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249644 · Cited by 590
Dennis, A., Wamil, M., Alberts, J., Oben, J. A., Cuthbertson, D. J., Wootton, D. G., Crooks, M. G., Gabbay, M., Brady, M., Hishmeh, L., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048391 · Cited by 587
Post-COVID-19 Symptom Burden: What is Long-COVID and How Should We Manage It?
Sykes, D. L., Holdsworth, L., Jawad, N., Gunasekera, P., Morice, A. H., & Crooks, M. G. (2021) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-021-00423-z · Cited by 579
Seeßle, J., Waterboer, T., Hippchen, T., Simon, J., Kirchner, M., Lim, A., Müller, B., & Merle, U. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab611 · Cited by 557
Occupation and risk of severe COVID-19: prospective cohort study of 120 075 UK Biobank participants
Mutambudzi, M. S., Niedzwiedz, C. L., Macdonald, E. B., Leyland, A. H., Mair, F. S., Anderson, J. J., Celis-Morales, C. A., Cleland, J. G. F., Forbes, J., Gill, J. M. R., et al. (2020) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106731 · Cited by 568
Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19
Xu, E., Xie, Y., & Al-Aly, Z. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02001-z · Cited by 530
Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy‐associated morbidity in Covid‐19 patients
Liotta, E. M., Batra, A., Clark, J. R., Shlobin, N. A., Hoffman, S. C., Orban, Z. S., & Koralnik, I. J. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51210 · Cited by 541
Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a community study of 606,434 people in England
Whitaker, M. D., Elliott, J., Chadeau‐Hyam, M., Riley, S., Darzi, A. W., Cooke, G., Ward, H., & Elliott, P. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29521-z · Cited by 531
Pretorius, E., Vlok, M., Venter, C., Bezuidenhout, J. A., Laubscher, G. J., Steenkamp, J., & Kell, D. B. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01359-7 · Cited by 553
Covid-19: What do we know about “long covid”?
Mahase, E. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2815 · Cited by 522
The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity
Osuchowski, M. F., Winkler, M. S., Skirecki, T., Cajander, S., Shankar‐Hari, M., Lachmann, G., Monneret, G., Venet, F., Bauer, M. W., Brunkhorst, F. M., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00218-6 · Cited by 528
Preliminary evidence on long COVID in children
Buonsenso, D., Munblit, D., Rose, C. D., Sinatti, D., Ricchiuto, A., Carfì, A., & Valentini, P. (2021) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15870 · Cited by 508
Self-citationWho is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Haischer, M. H., Beilfuss, R. N., Hart, M. R., Opielinski, L. E., Wrucke, D. J., Zirgaitis, G. H., Uhrich, T. D., & Hunter, S. K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240785 · Cited by 514
de Melo, G. D., Lazarini, F., Levallois, S., Hautefort, C., Michel, V., Larrous, F., Vérillaud, B., Aparicio, C., Wagner, S., Gheusi, G., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8396 · Cited by 516
New-onset IgG autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Chang, S. E., Feng, A., Meng, W., Apostolidis, S. A., Mack, E., Artandi, M. K., Barman, L., Bennett, K., Chakraborty, S., Chang, I., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25509-3 · Cited by 496
Tabacof, L., Tosto-Mancuso, J., Wood, J., Cortes, M., Kontorovich, A., McCarthy, D., Rizk, D., Rozanski, G., Breyman, E., Nasr, L., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001910 · Cited by 517
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Palacios‐Ceña, D., Gómez‐Mayordomo, V., Cuadrado, M. L., & Florêncio, L. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052621 · Cited by 504
Bellan, M., Soddu, D., Balbo, P. E., Baricich, A., Zeppegno, P., Avanzi, G. C., Baldon, G., Bartolomei, G., Battaglia, M., Battistini, S., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142 · Cited by 468
Global pandemics interconnected — obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19
Stefan, N., Birkenfeld, A. L., & Schulze, M. B. (2021) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-00462-1 · Cited by 452
Wong, T. L., & Weitzer, D. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57050418 · Cited by 473
“[22] 143 Adult; discharged from hospital Italy 60.”
BackgroundHow COVID-19 shaped mental health: from infection to pandemic effects
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Benros, M. E., Klein, R. S., & Vinkers, C. H. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02028-2 · Cited by 480
Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management
Attaway, A. H., Scheraga, R. G., Bhimraj, A., Biehl, M., & Hatipoglu, U. S. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n436 · Cited by 452
Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study
Daugherty, S. E., Guo, Y., Heath, K., Dasmariñas, M. C., Jubilo, K. G., Samranvedhya, J., Lipsitch, M., & Cohen, K. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1098 · Cited by 437
The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19
Schultheiß, C., Willscher, E., Paschold, L., Gottschick, C., Klee, B., Henkes, S.-S., Henkes, S.-S., Bosurgi, L., Sedding, D., Sedding, D., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100663 · Cited by 487
Spruit, M. A., Holland, A. E., Singh, S., Tonia, T., Wilson, K. C., & Troosters, T. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02197-2020 · Cited by 441
Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2
Molteni, E., Sudre, C. H., Canas, L. S., Bhopal, S., Hughes, R. C., Antonelli, M., Murray, B. A. K., Kläser, K., Kerfoot, E., Chen, L., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00198-x · Cited by 421
Natarajan, A., Zlitni, S., Brooks, E. F., Vance, S. E., Dahlen, A., Hedlin, H., Park, R. M., Han, A., Schmidtke, D. T., Verma, R., et al. (2022) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.001 · Cited by 420
Long-term complications of COVID-19
Desai, A. D., Lavelle, M. P., Boursiquot, B. C., & Wan, E. Y. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00375.2021 · Cited by 458
“cle weakness, sleep difficulties, myalgia, and headache (18, 57).”
BackgroundAltmann, D. M., Whettlock, E. M., Liu, S., Arachchillage, D. J., & Boyton, R. J. (2023) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-023-00904-7 · Cited by 471
COVID-19: from an acute to chronic disease? Potential long-term health consequences
Higgins, V., Sohaei, D., Diamandis, E. P., & Prassas, I. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.1080/10408363.2020.1860895 · Cited by 429
Tali, S. H. S., LeBlanc, J. J., Sadiq, Z., Oyewunmi, O. D., Camargo, C., Nikpour, B., Armanfard, N., Sagan, S. M., & Jahanshahi‐Anbuhi, S. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00228-20 · Cited by 430
Pavli, A., Theodoridou, M., & Maltezou, H. C. (2021) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.010 · Cited by 426
Gluckman, T. J., Bhave, N. M., Allen, L. A., Chung, E. H., Spatz, E. S., Ammirati, E., Baggish, A. L., Bozkurt, B., Cornwell, W. K., Harmon, K. G., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.003 · Cited by 431
“For some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, cardiac symptoms (eg, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations) persist, lasting months after the initial illness.(8,9) Laboratory and imaging evidence of myocardial injury and involvement has also been observed in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individu…”
BackgroundSymptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers
Havervall, S., Rosell, A., Phillipson, M., Mangsbo, S. M., Nilsson, P., Hober, S., & Thålin, C. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5612 · Cited by 388
Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their ImpactPreprint
Davis, H., Assaf, G., McCorkell, L., Wei, H., Low, R. J., Re’em, Y., Redfield, S., Austin, J. P., & Akrami, A. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802 · Cited by 387
Song, W., Hui, C., Hull, J. H., Birring, S. S., McGarvey, L. P., Mazzone, S. B., & Chung, K. F. (2021) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00125-9 · Cited by 386
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease
Chung, M. K., Zidar, D. A., Bristow, M. R., Cameron, S. J., Chan, T. A.-T., Harding, C. V., Kwon, D. H., Singh, T. K., Tilton, J. C., Tsai, E. J., et al. (2021) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.317997 · Cited by 377
Wallukat, G., Hohberger, B., Wenzel, K., Fürst, J., Schulze-Rothe, S., Wallukat, A., Hönicke, A.-S., & Müller, J. (2021) · Journal of Translational Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100 · Cited by 381
Long COVID in the Faroe Islands: A Longitudinal Study Among Nonhospitalized Patients
Petersen, M. S., Kristiansen, M. F., Hanusson, K. D., Danielsen, M. E., Steig, B. Á., Gaïni, S., Strøm, M., & Weihe, P. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1792 · Cited by 377
“4% reported persistence of at least 1 symptom, particularly fatigue and dyspnea[4].”
BackgroundPost-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise
Jimeno‐Almazán, A., Pallarés, J. G., Buendía‐Romero, Á., Martínez-Cava, A., Franco‐López, F., Martínez, B. J. S.-Á., Bernal, E., & Courel‐Ibáñez, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105329 · Cited by 382
“ Symptoms are commonly associated: 80% of patients have more than one [32], usually more than two and up to more than 10 [30,31,49,52,57].”
BackgroundPhysical and mental health complications post-COVID-19: Scoping review
Shanbehzadeh, S., Tavahomi, M., Zanjari, N., Ebrahimi-Takamjani, I., & Amiri-arimi, S. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110525 · Cited by 334
“[20] Retrospective cohort study Italy 143 90/53 56.”
Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID‐19: A systematic review
Martimbianco, A. L. C., Pacheco, R. L., Bagattini, Â. M., & Riera, R. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14357 · Cited by 370
“…(2020),45 Tarazona- Fernandez (2020),46 Xiong (2021)48 Cardiovascular- related symptoms 13.0 Xiong (2021)48 Chest pain 0.4- 89.0 Bellan (2021),25 Carfi (2020),4 Carvalho- Scheneider (2020),26 Huang (2021),31 Liang (2020),33 Tarazona- Fernandez (2020),46 Xiong (2021)48 Chills 4.6 Xiong…”
BackgroundInfluentialPost-acute and long-COVID-19 symptoms in patients with mild diseases: a systematic review
van Kessel, S. A. M., Hartman, T. O., Lucassen, P. L., & van Jaarsveld, C. H. M. (2021) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmab076 · Cited by 360
Long COVID, a comprehensive systematic scoping review
Akbarialiabad, H., Taghrir, M. H., Abdollahi, A., Ghahramani, N., Kumar, M., Paydar, S., Razani, B., MWANGI, J. K., Asadi‐Pooya, A. A., Malekmakan, L., et al. (2021) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-021-01666-x · Cited by 367
Menges, D., Ballouz, T., Anagnostopoulos, A., Aschmann, H. E., Domenghino, A., Fehr, J. S., & Puhan, M. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254523 · Cited by 359
Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome
Fogarty, H., Townsend, L., Morrin, H., Ahmad, A., Comerford, C., Karampini, E., Englert, H., Byrne, M., Bergin, C. J., O’Sullivan, J. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15490 · Cited by 355
Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19
Singh, I., Joseph, P., Heerdt, P. M., Cullinan, M., Lutchmansingh, D. D., Gulati, M., Possick, J. D., Systrom, D. M., & Waxman, A. B. (2021) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.010 · Cited by 338
Sigfrid, L., Drake, T. M., Pauley, E., Jesudason, E. C., Olliaro, P., Lim, W. S., Gillesen, A., Berry, C., Lowe, D. J., McPeake, J. M., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100186 · Cited by 345
“Several studies in hospitalised and community settings have identi fi ed that those with Covid-19 frequently develop long-term symptoms and a range of sequelae affecting the kidneys, lungs and heart [1 (cid”
BackgroundWang, W., Wang, C.-Y., Wang, S., & Wei, J. C. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101619 · Cited by 343
Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15673 · Cited by 341
Metadata
- Authors
- Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., & for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group
- Affiliations
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Carfì, Angelo
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-08-11
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 603
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC7349096
- OpenAlex
- W3041493976
- Cited by
- 4,561
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 139 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 495 · 2023: 827 · 2022: 1183 · 2021: 1373 · 2020: 245
- FWCI
- 393.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, long COVID, post-acute symptoms, prisoners, prison population, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 case rates, infection control, jails, detention centers, COVID-19 outbreak
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Chest Pain, Dyspnea, Fatigue, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Arthralgia, Pandemics, Symptom Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
