CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 199Schizophrenia research and treatmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychoticlike Experiences in Childhood

Open access
Karcher, Nicole R., Barch, Deanna M., Avenevoli, Shelli, Savill, Mark, Huber, Rebekah S., Simon, Tony J., Leckliter, Ingrid N., Sher, Kenneth J. +1 more·2018·JAMA Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1334PMC PMC6143092
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Importance: Childhood psychoticlike experiences (PLEs) are associated with greater odds of a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder during adulthood. However, no known, well-validated self-report tools have been designed to measure childhood PLEs. Objective: To examine the construct validity and psychometric properties of a measure of PLEs, the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version (PQ-BC). Design, Setting, and Participants: This validation study used data from the first wave of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a prospective longitudinal study aimed at assessing risk factors associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes from ages 9 to 10 years into late adolescence and early adulthood. The population-based sample of 3984 children within the ABCD data set was recruited from 20 research sites across the United States. Data for this study were collected from June 1, 2016, through August 31, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: The PQ-BC Total and Distress scores were analyzed for measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and sex, their associations with measures of PLEs, and their associations with known correlates of PLEs, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms, neuropsychological test performance, and developmental milestones. Results: The study analyses included 3984 participants (1885 girls [47.3%] and 2099 boys [52.7%]; mean [SE] age, 10.0 [0.01] years). The results demonstrated measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and sex. A family history of psychotic disorder was associated with higher mean (SE) PQ-BC Total (3.883 [0.352]; β = 0.061; 95% CI, 0.027-0.094) and Distress (10.210 [1.043]; β = 0.051; 95% CI, 0.018-0.084) scores, whereas a family history of depression or mania was not. Higher PQ-BC scores were associated with higher rates of child-rated internalizing symptoms (Total score: β range, 0.218 [95% CI, 0.189-0.246] to 0.273 [95% CI, 0.245-0.301]; Distress score: β range, 0.248 [95% CI, 0.220-0.277] to 0.310 [95% CI, 0.281-0.338]), neuropsychological test performance deficits such as working memory (Total score: β = -0.042 [95% CI, -0.077 to -0.008]; Distress score: β = -0.051 [95% CI, -0.086 to -0.017]), and motor and speech developmental milestone delays (Total score: β = 0.057 [95% CI, 0.026-0.086] for motor; β = 0.042 [95% CI, 0.010-0.073] for speech; Distress score: β = 0.048 [95% CI, 0.017-0.079] for motor; β = 0.049 [95% CI, 0.018-0.081] for speech). Conclusions and Relevance: These results provide support for the construct validity and demonstrate adequate psychometric properties of a self-report instrument designed to measure childhood PLEs, providing evidence that the PQ-BC may be a useful measure of early risk for psychotic disorders. Furthermore, these data suggest that PLEs at school age are associated with many of the same familial, cognitive, and emotional factors associated with psychotic symptoms in older populations, consistent with the dimensionality of psychosis across the lifespan.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1334

Cites

77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • 'Psychotic experiences' are relatively frequent at the population level (prevalence about 8% in young adults aged 24) and can be measured through self-administered questionnaires.

    “For example, 'psychotic experiences' 159 are relatively frequent at the population level (prevalence about 8% in young adults aged 24 160 ) and can be measured through self-administered questionnaires (e.g., Prodromal Questionnaire, PQ) 161”

    From Preventive psychiatry: a blueprint for improving the mental health of young people (2021) · cites this paper as [161]

  • Screening for psychotic experiences has no available data on efficacy for preventing psychotic disorders.

    “Screening for psychotic experiences (data not available) 161 *”

    From Preventive psychiatry: a blueprint for improving the mental health of young people (2021) · cites this paper as [161]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 81 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Laurens KR, Hodgins S, Taylor E, Murray R. Is earlier intervention for schizophrenia possible? identifying antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9-12 years. In: David AS, Kapur S, McGuffin P, eds. Schizophrenia: The Final Frontier. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press; 2011:19-32.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Karcher, N. R., Barch, D. M., Avenevoli, S., Savill, M., Huber, R. S., Simon, T. J., Leckliter, I. N., Sher, K. J., & Loewy, R. L.
Affiliations
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • University of Utah (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • University of Missouri (US)
Corresponding author
Karcher, Nicole R.
ORCID
Venue
JAMA Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2018-08-01
Volume
75
Issue
8
Pages
853
ISSN
2168-622X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1334
PMC
PMC6143092
OpenAlex
W2806044632
Cited by
198
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2
FWCI
10.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002538, MH018261, DA‐041120, MH018261-31)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K05AA017242)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH107108, T32MH014677, T32MH018261)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01DA041106, U01DA041120, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U01DA050989, U24DA041147, U01DA041148, U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA051039, U01DA041134, U01DA041025, U24DA041123, U01DA041093, U01DA041089)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD042974, U54HD079125)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords
self-report questionnaire validation, construct validity, measurement invariance, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, neuropsychological performance, developmental milestones, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, psychosis risk, race and ethnicity, sex differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Medical History Taking, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, United States, Risk Assessment, Prodromal Symptoms, Symptom Assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review