Trajectories of childhood internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and psychotic-like experiences in adolescence: A prospective population-based cohort study

Lancefield, Kristin S.; Raudino, Alessandra; Downs, Johnny M.; Laurens, Kristin R.

doi:10.1017/s0954579415001108

Cited by 67Schizophrenia research and treatmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychology and Mental Health

Trajectories of childhood internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and psychotic-like experiences in adolescence: A prospective population-based cohort study

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Lancefield, Kristin S., Raudino, Alessandra, Downs, Johnny M., Laurens, Kristin R.·2016·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579415001108PMC PMC4855987

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Abstract

Adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology is strongly associated with adult psychiatric morbidity, including psychotic disorders. This study examined whether internalizing or externalizing trajectories (continuity/discontinuity of symptoms) from middle childhood were associated with adolescent psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Prospective data were collected from a community sample of 553 children (mean age = 10.4 years; 50% male) and their primary caregivers. Participants completed questionnaire reports of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and PLEs at baseline, and again approximately 2 years later. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of adolescent PLEs with four trajectories of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (persistent, incident, remitting, and none), controlling for a range of potential confounders and sampling bias. Significant associations were identified between adolescent PLEs and the incident internalizing (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR] = 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60–5.49) and externalizing psychopathology (adj. OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.11–4.14) trajectories, as well as the persistent internalizing (adj. OR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.13–3.18) and externalizing (adj. OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.02–3.19) trajectories. Children with remitting psychopathology trajectories were no more likely to present later PLEs than those who never experienced psychopathology. While for many individuals symptoms and illness remit during development without intervention, this study provides important insights regarding potential targets and timing for delivery of early intervention and prevention programs.

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An individual with externalizing psychopathology finds it difficult to appraise external stimuli appropriately and hold in mind alternative explanations for their occurrence, thereby amplifying cognitive dysfunction.
“As a result, an individual finds it difficult “to appraise external stimuli appropriately and hold in mind alternative explanations for their occurrence, thereby amplifying cognitive dysfunction” (Lancefield et al., 2016, p. 533).”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Lancefield et al., 2016
The Discussion (cited p. 533) contains the quoted account of difficulty appraising stimuli and considering alternative explanations in children with externalizing psychopathology. It presents this as a possible mechanism—one that “may” occur—not as an established difficulty for every individual. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Externalizing psychopathology is characterized by disinhibition, which affects attentional processing and impulse control.
“For example, externalizing psychopathology is characterized by disinhibition, which affects attentional processing and impulse control.”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Lancefield et al., 2016
Mild to moderate AD is associated with a 29% to 84% increase in the risk of internalizing behavior problems from ages four to 16, although it is not directly linked to an increase in the risk of depression from ages nine to 18.
“Mild to moderate AD is associated with a 29% to 84% increase in the risk of internalizing behavior problems from ages four to 16, although it is not directly linked to an increase in the risk of depression from ages nine to 18.120”
From Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
The Results > Sample passage reports rates of internalizing problems, but not their association with AD. Searches for atopic dermatitis or eczema, the 29%–84% risk increase, and depression at ages 9–18 found no passage addressing those claims. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology predict psychosis-like experiences and vice versa.
“internalizing and externalizing psychopathology predicting psychosis-like experiences and vice versa [40]”
From Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care? (2020) · cites this paper as [40]
Cross-prediction between anxiety and depression occurs from adolescence to adulthood.
“cross-prediction between anxiety and depression from adolescence to adulthood”
From Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care? (2020) · cites this paper as [40]

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Persisting psychotic-like experiences as predictors of externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort
Downs, J. M., Cullen, A. E., Barragán, M., & Laurens, K. R. (2012)
Self-citation
Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort
Downs, J. M., Cullen, A. E., Barragán, M., & Laurens, K. R. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
Internalizing and externalizing problems across childhood and psychotic-like experiences in young-adulthood: The role of developmental period
Wong, K. K., Francesconi, M., & Flouri, E. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Internalizing and externalizing problems across childhood and psychotic-like experiences in adulthood: The role of developmental periodPreprint
Wong, K. K., Francesconi, M., & Flouri, E. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/tmnvs
15:00 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SUBCLINICAL PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES TO INTERNALISING AND EXTERNALISING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN CHILDHOOD
Laurens, K. R., Downs, L., Cullen, A. E., Barragan, J. M., & To, M. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(12)70304-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Lancefield, K. S., Raudino, A., Downs, J. M., & Laurens, K. R.
Affiliations: National Health Service (GB)
UNSW Sydney (AU)
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Laurens, Kristin R.
ORCID: Downs, Johnny M.
Laurens, Kristin R.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2016-02-09
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Pages: 527-536
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415001108
PMC: PMC4855987
OpenAlex: W2263118297
Cited by: 67
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 4.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
National Institute for Health and Care Research (CDF/08/01/015, CDF/01/015)
British Medical Association
Fundação Bial (35/06 and 194/12, 194/12, 35/06)
NSW Ministry of Health
Medical Research Council (MR/L017105/1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: psychotic-like experiences, adolescent psychopathology, symptom trajectories, early intervention, prevention programs, middle childhood
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires

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Trajectories of childhood internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and psychotic-like experiences in adolescence: A prospective population-based cohort study

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