Polycaprolactone: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is one of the earliest, commercially available, synthetic polymers characterized by a large set of biodegradation and mechanical properties that can be finely controlled by regulating the local environmental driving forces (ie, microorganisms, enzymes, hydrolysis). Owing to their faster resorbability and long‐term degradation in the presence of water (up to 3 to 4 years), PCL has been widely investigated as a bioinspired material able to target selective cell response via controlled intracellular resorption pathways. In comparison with other aliphatic polyesters, the superior rheological and viscoelastic properties render PCL easy to manufacture and manipulate into a wide range of three‐dimensional platforms (ie, porous scaffold, micro‐ and nanocarriers, and implantable devices). In this article, we discuss the main relationships between polymer synthesis, physical/chemical properties, and processing conditions to optimize the fabrication of biodegradable devices made of PCL, putting particular focus on drug delivery, tissue engineering. and green chemistry applications.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PCL undergoes slow hydrolytic degradation of its ester linkages followed by microbial action, especially under composting or enzymatically active conditions.
“PCL undergoes slow hydrolytic degradation of its ester linkages, followed by microbial action, especially under composting or enzymatically active conditions [39]”
PCL degrades within months under warm temperature of ~30-40 °C, active microbial community, moisture, and slightly acidic conditions of pH ~5-7, but takes years under limited microbial activity and low temperature.
“PCL degrades quickly, within months, under conditions such as warm temperature (~30–40 °C), active microbial community, moisture, and slightly acidic conditions (pH ~5–7). However, it takes years to degrade under conditions such as limited microbial activity and low temperature.”
PCL is synthesized via ring-opening polymerization, radical ring-opening polymerization, and 6-hydroxycaproic acid polycondensation.
“PCL is synthesized via (i) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) (ionic- or metal-catalyzed, and coordination insertion method) of the cyclic monomer ε-caprolactone, (ii) cyclic ketene acetals using radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP), and (iii) 6-hydroxycaproic acid polycondensation, as shown in Figure 1 [39]”
Cites
Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials
Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2007) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.017 · Cited by 4,416 · see citing works
The return of a forgotten polymer—Polycaprolactone in the 21st century
Woodruff, M. A., & Hutmacher, D. W. (2010) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.04.002 · Cited by 4,033 · see citing works
Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering
Hollister, S. J. (2005) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1421 · Cited by 3,979 · see citing works
Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices
Middleton, J. C., & Tipton, A. J. (2000) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00101-0 · Cited by 2,741 · see citing works
Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size
Loh, Q. L., & Choong, C. (2013) · Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0437 · Cited by 2,668 · see citing works
Polymeric systems for controlled drug release
Uhrich, K. E., Cannizzaro, S. M., Langer, R. S., & Shakesheff, K. M. (1999) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr940351u · Cited by 2,633 · see citing works
JOHN, M., & THOMAS, S. (2008) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.05.040 · Cited by 2,453 · see citing works
Biodegradable polymers for food packaging: a review
Siracusa, V., Rocculi, P., Romani, S., & Rosa, M. D. (2008) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2008.07.003 · Cited by 2,126 · see citing works
Synthesis of polycaprolactone: A review
Labet, M., & Thielemans, W. (2009) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/b820162p · Cited by 1,673 · see citing works
A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres
Azwa, Z. N., Yousif, B. F., Manalo, A. C., & Karunasena, W. (2012) · Materials & Design (1980-2015) · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.11.025 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Biodegradable polyesters for medical and ecological applications
Ikada, Y., & Tsuji, H. (2000) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(20000201)21:3 · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
Block copolymer micelles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery
Gaucher, G., Dufresne, M.-H., Sant, V. P., Kang, N., Maysinger, D., & Leroux, J.-C. (2005) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.09.034 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Hutmacher, D. W., Schantz, T., Zein, I., Ng, K. W., Teoh, S. H., & Tan, K. C. (2001) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/1097-4636(200105)55:2 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Gurunathan, T., Mohanty, S., & Nayak, S. K. (2015) · Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.06.007 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
Polymer microspheres for controlled drug release
Freiberg, S., & Zhu, X. X. (2004) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.04.013 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
John, M. J., & Anandjiwala, R. D. (2007) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.20461 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Chemical syntheses of biodegradable polymers
Okada, M. (2002) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00039-9 · Cited by 1,202 · see citing works
Poly-ϵ-caprolactone microspheres and nanospheres: an overview
Sinha, V. R., Bansal, K., Kaushik, R., Kumria, R., & Trehan, A. (2004) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.01.044 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Surface modifications of natural fibers and performance of the resulting biocomposites: An overview
Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., & Drzal, L. T. (2001) · Composite Interfaces · doi:10.1163/156855401753255422 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Scaffolds for tissue fabrication
Ma, P. X. (2004) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(04)00233-0 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
The in vivo degradation, absorption and excretion of PCL-based implant
Sun, H., Mei, L., Song, C. X., Cui, X., & Wang, P. (2005) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.09.019 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Thermally Switchable Periodicities and Diffraction from Mesoscopically Ordered Materials
Weissman, J. M., Sunkara, H. B., Tse, A. S., & Asher, S. A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5289.959 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Biopolymers: overview of several properties and consequences on their applications
Van de Velde, K., & Kiekens, P. (2002) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(01)00107-6 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres
Visser, J., Melchels, F. P. W., Jeon, J. E., van Bussel, E. M., Kimpton, L. S., Byrne, H. M., Dhert, W. J. A., Dalton, P. D., Hutmacher, D. W., & Malda, J. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7933 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Aliphatic polyesters. I. The degradation of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) in vivo
Pitt, C. G., Chasalow, F. I., Hibionada, Y. M., Klimas, D. M., & Schindler, A. (1981) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.1981.070261124 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Potential of biobased materials for food packaging
Petersen, K., Nielsen, P. V., Bertelsen, G., Lawther, M., Olsen, M. B., Nilsson, N. H., & Mortensen, G. (1999) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/s0924-2244(99)00019-9 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Critical factors on manufacturing processes of natural fibre composites
Ho, M.-P., Wang, H., Lee, J. H., Ho, C.-K., Lau, K.-T., Leng, J., & Hui, D. (2011) · Composites Part B Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.10.001 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Frazza, E. J., & Schmitt, E. (1971) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820050207 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Properties of thermoplastic blends: starch–polycaprolactone
Avérous, L. (2000) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00636-9 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Bogoeva‐Gaceva, G., Avella, M., Malinconico, M., et al. (2007) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.20270 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Bioadhesive microspheres as a controlled drug delivery system
Vasir, J. K., Tambwekar, K. R., & Garg, S. (2003) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00087-5 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Three-dimensional tissue fabrication
Tsang, V. L., & Bhatia, S. N. (2004) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2004.05.001 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Hydrolysis of polyesters by lipases
Tokiwa, Y., & Suzuki, T. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/270076a0 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Microspheres for controlled release drug delivery
Varde, N. K., & Pack, D. W. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.4.1.35 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Lowery, J. L., Datta, N., & Rutledge, G. C. (2009) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.072 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Biodegradable packaging based on raw materials from crops and their impact on waste management
Davis, G., & Song, J. (2005) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.05.004 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Influence of natural fibres on the mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers
Wollerdorfer, M., & Bader, H. G. (1998) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/s0926-6690(97)10015-2 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Utracki, L. A., & Shi, Z. H. (1992) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.760322405 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
A Review on Natural Fibre-Based Composites—Part II
Puglia, D., Biagiotti, J., & Kenny, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Natural Fibers · doi:10.1300/j395v01n03_03 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Polymeric micelles for oral drug delivery
Gaucher, G., Satturwar, P., Jones, M.-C., Furtos, A., & Leroux, J.-C. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.06.007 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Structure and mechanical properties of poly(?,?-lactic acid)/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) blends
Broz, M. (2003) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00314-4 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Additive manufacturing of scaffolds with sub-micron filaments via melt electrospinning writing
Hochleitner, G., Jüngst, T., Brown, T. D., Hahn, K., Moseke, C., Jakob, F. J., Dalton, P. D., & Gröll, J. (2015) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/7/3/035002 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Zhou, S., Deng, X., & Yang, H. (2003) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00207-2 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization: Polymers with designed Macromolecular Architecture
Stridsberg, K. M., Ryner, M., & Albertsson, A.-C. (2002) · Advances in Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45734-8_2 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers
Cohn, D., & Hotovely Salomon, A. (2005) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.052 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Microtubular architecture of biodegradable polymer scaffolds
Ma, P. X., & Zhang, R. (2001) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/1097-4636(20010915)56:4 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Reactive compatibilization of biodegradable blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone)
Wang, L., Ma, W., Gross, R. A., & McCarthy, S. P. (1998) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00196-1 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Biodegradable blends and composites of polycaprolactone and starch derivatives
Koenig, M. F., & Huang, S. J. (1995) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(95)90934-t · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Preparation of poly(ε-caprolactone)-based tissue engineering scaffolds by stereolithography
Elomaa, L., Teixeira, S., Hakala, R. A., Korhonen, H., Grijpma, D. W., & Seppälä, J. V. (2011) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.039 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Bio-functional components in the processed pre-germinated brown rice by a twin-screw extruder
Ohtsubo, K., Suzuki, K., Yasui, Y., & Kasumi, T. (2005) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2004.10.003 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Yang, Y. Y., Chung, T., Bai, X.-L., & Chan, W. (2000) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00503-5 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Binary and ternary blends of polylactide, polycaprolactone and thermoplastic starch
Sarazin, P., Li, G., Orts, W. J., & Favis, B. D. (2007) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.029 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Kowalski, A., Duda, A., & Penczek, S. (1998) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19981101)19:11 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Cabedo, L., Luis Feijoo, J., Pilar Villanueva, M., Lagarón, J. M., & Giménez, E. (2006) · Macromolecular Symposia · doi:10.1002/masy.200690017 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Nishida, H., & Tokiwa, Y. (1993) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/bf01458031 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Agarwal, S. (2010) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c0py00040j · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Electrospinning and additive manufacturing: converging technologies
Dalton, P. D., Vaquette, C., Farrugia, B. L., Dargaville, T. R., Brown, T. D., & Hutmacher, D. W. (2012) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c2bm00039c · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Biodegradable Soy-Based Plastics: Opportunities and Challenges
Swain, S. N., Biswal, S. M., Nanda, P. K., & Nayak, P. L. (2003) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1023/b:jooe.0000003126.14448.04 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
A multitechnique approach to assess the effect of ball milling on cellulose
Avolio, R., Bonadies, I., Capitani, D., Errico, M. E., Gentile, G., & Avella, M. (2011) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.047 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationDash, T. K., & Konkimalla, V. B. (2012) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp3001952 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Mensitieri, G., Di Maio, E., Buonocore, G. G., Nedi, I., Oliviero, M., Sansone, L., & Iannace, S. (2011) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2010.10.001 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
(2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420014129 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Active packaging by extrusion processing of recyclable and biodegradable polymers
Del Nobile, M. A., Conte, A., Buonocore, G. G., Incoronato, A. L., Massaro, A., & Panza, O. (2009) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.12.022 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Degradation of polycaprolactone/starch blends and composites with sisal fibre
di Franco, C. R., Cyras, V. P., Busalmen, J. P., Ruseckaite, R. A., & Vázquez, A. (2004) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.009 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The contemporary role of ε-caprolactone chemistry to create advanced polymer architectures
Sisson, A. L., Ekinci, D., & Lendlein, A. (2013) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.045 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Supercritical fluids processing of polymers for pharmaceutical and medical applications
Reverchon, E., Adami, R., Cardea, S., & Porta, G. D. (2008) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2008.10.001 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Processing and characterization of starch/polycaprolactone products
Matzinos, P., Tserki, V., Kontoyiannis, A., & Panayiotou, C. G. (2002) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00072-1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Biodegradation of aliphatic polyester composites reinforced by abaca fiber
Teramoto, N., Urata, K., Ozawa, K., & Shibata, M. (2004) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.04.026 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Nabar, Y. U., Raquez, J., Dúbois, P., et al. (2005) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm0494242 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Zhong, Z., & Sun, X. S. (2001) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00118-5 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Morphology and Properties of Soy Protein and Polylactide Blends
Zhang, J., Jiang, L., Zhu, L., Jane, J.-L., & Mungara, P. (2006) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm050888p · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Fungal degradation of polycaprolactones
Benedict, C. V., Cook, W. J., Jarrett, P., Cameron, J. A., Huang, S. J., & Bell, J. P. (1983) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.1983.070280128 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Studies of Polymerization and Ring Formation. XXIII. 1 ε-Caprolactone and its Polymers
van Natta, F. J., Hill, J. W., & Carothers, W. H. (1934) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01317a053 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Bailey, W. J., Ni, Z., & Wu, S. R. (1982) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma00231a006 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Górna, K., & Gogolewski, S. (2002) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00210-5 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biobased Materials Starch, Polylactate and Polyhydroxybutyrate
Petersen, K., Nielsen, P. V., & Olsen, M. B. (2001) · Starch - Stärke · doi:10.1002/1521-379x(200108)53:8 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Polycaprolactone/starch composite: Fabrication, structure, properties, and applications
Ali Akbari Ghavimi, S., Ebrahimzadeh, M. H., Solati-Hashjin, M., & Abu Osman, N. A. (2015) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.35371 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Harada, M., Iida, K., Okamoto, K., Hayashi, H., & Hirano, K. (2008) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.21088 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Shibata, S., Cao, Y., & Fukumoto, I. (2008) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.10.021 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Plackett, D., HOLM, V., Johansen, P., Ndoni, S., Nielsen, P. V., Sipiläinen‐Malm, T., Södergård, A., & Verstichel, S. (2005) · Packaging Technology and Science · doi:10.1002/pts.704 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Rusa, C. C., & Tonelli, A. E. (2000) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma000746h · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Arbelaiz, A., Fernández, B., Valea, A., & Mondragòn, I. (2006) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.11.030 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Physical state and biodegradation behavior of starch-polycaprolactone systems
Bastioli, C., Cerutti, A., Guanella, I., Romano, G., & Tosin, M. (1995) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/bf02067484 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Scanning electron microscopic visualization of biodegradation of polycaprolactones by fungi
Cook, W. J., Cameron, J. A., Bell, J. P., & Huang, S. J. (1981) · Journal of Polymer Science Polymer Letters Edition · doi:10.1002/pol.1981.130190402 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Jin, S. Z., & Gonsalves, K. E. (1997) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma961590h · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Jameela, S. R., Suma, N., & Jayakrishnan, A. (1997) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1163/156856297x00380 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Biodegradable poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) multiblock copolymers
Cohn, D., Stern, T., González, M. F., & Epstein, J. (2001) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.1242 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The anhydride content of some commercial PP-g-MA: FTIR and titration
Sclavons, M., Carlier, V., Roover, B. D., Franquinet, P., Devaux, J., & Legras, R. (1996) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19961121)62:8 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Tu, C., Cai, Q., Yang, J. H., Wan, Y., Bei, J., & Wang, S. (2003) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.370 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Roberts, G. E., Coote, M. L., Heuts, J. P. A., Morris, L. M., & Davis, T. P. (1999) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma9813587 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Processing and characterization of LDPE/starch/PCL blends
Matzinos, P., Tserki, V., Gianikouris, C., Pavlidou, E., & Panayiotou, C. (2002) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00061-7 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mild, Solvent-Free ω-Hydroxy Acid Polycondensations Catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B
Mahapatro, A., Kumar, A., & Gross, R. A. (2003) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm0342382 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Miscibility and crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ε-caprolactone) blends
Qiu, Z., Ikehara, T., & Nishi, T. (2003) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00167-8 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Cyras, V. P., Iannace, S., Kenny, J. M., et al. (2001) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.10522 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Jones, D. S., Djokic, J., McCoy, C. P., et al. (2002) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00158-8 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Physical characterization of polycaprolactone scaffolds
Estellés, J. M., Vidaurre, A., Dueñas, J. M. M., & Castilla‐Cortázar, I. (2007) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-006-0101-2 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hedir, G. G., Bell, C. A., O’Reilly, R. K., & Dove, A. P. (2015) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00476 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Ahmed, I., Parsons, A. J., Palmer, G., et al. (2008) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2008.03.018 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Thermophysical properties of polycaprolactone/chitosan blend membranes
Wan, Y., Lü, X., Dalai, S., et al. (2009) · Thermochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.tca.2009.01.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Causa, F., Netti, P. A., Ciapetti, G., Pagani, S., Martini, D., Baldini, N., & Ambrosio, L. (2008) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31055 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationJoseph, C. S., Prashanth, K. V. H., Rastogi, N. K., Indiramma, A. R., Reddy, S. Y., & Raghavarao, K. S. M. S. (2009) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-009-0203-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Functional Degradable Polymers by Xanthate-Mediated Polymerization
Hedir, G. G., Bell, C. A., Ieong, N. S., Chapman, E., Collins, I. R., O’Reilly, R. K., & Dove, A. P. (2014) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma500428e · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Duda, A. (1996) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma951442b · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Kinetic modeling of the chain-end functionality in atom transfer radical polymerization
Lutz, J., & Matyjaszewski, K. A. (2002) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/1521-3935(200207)203:10/11 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Shin, B., Lee, S., Shin, Y. H., Balakrishnan, S., & Narayan, R. (2004) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.20139 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Erişken, C., Kalyon, D. M., & Wang, H. (2008) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/16/165302 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Corden, T. J., Jones, I. A., Rudd, C. D., Christian, P. W. N., Downes, S., & McDougall, K. E. (2000) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00236-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Alix, S., Mahieu, A., Terrié, C., Soulestin, J., Gerault, E., Feuilloley, M. G. J., Gattin, R., Edon, V., Ait-Younes, T., & Leblanc, N. (2013) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.03.016 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Agarwal, S., Kumar, R., Kissel, T., & Reul, R. (2009) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1295/polymj.pj2009091 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wahit, M. U., Ibrahim, A. N., & Laftah, W. A. (2012) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.22249 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Polymeric foams from high‐performance thermoplastics
Sorrentino, L., Aurilia, M., & Iannace, S. (2011) · Advances in Polymer Technology · doi:10.1002/adv.20219 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationAndukuri, A., Kushwaha, M., Tambralli, A., Anderson, J. M., Dean, D. R., Berry, J. L., Sohn, Y.-D., Yoon, Y., Brott, B. C., & Jun, H. (2010) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.013 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Agarwal, S., & Speyerer, C. (2010) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.020 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pranamuda, H., Tokiwa, Y., & Tanaka, H. (1996) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/bf02083877 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Bio-inspired composite and cell instructive platforms for bone regeneration
Guarino, V., Gloria, A., Raucci, M. G., et al. (2012) · International Materials Reviews · doi:10.1179/0950660812z.00000000021 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneration of microcellular biodegradable polycaprolactone foams in supercritical carbon dioxide
Xu, Q. J., Ren, X., Chang, Y., Wang, J., Yu, L. F., & Dean, K. (2004) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.20726 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Cirillo, V., Taddei, P., Álvarez-Pérez, M. A., & Ambrosio, L. (2011) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.201100204 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo evaluation of an ultra-thin polycaprolactone film as a wound dressing
Ng, K. W., Achuth, H. N., Moochhala, S., Lim, T. C., & Hutmacher, D. W. (2007) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1163/156856207781367693 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Synthesis and enzymatic degradation of 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane and methyl acrylate copolymers
Sun, L., Zhuo, R. ‐., & Liu, Z. (2003) · Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1002/pola.10868 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Drug distribution within poly(ɛ-caprolactone) microspheres and in vitro release
Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wei, K., Zhao, N., Zhang, S., & Chen, J. (2008) · Journal of Materials Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.02.004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Open‐Pore Biodegradable Foams Prepared via Gas Foaming and Microparticulate Templating
Salerno, A., Iannace, S., & Netti, P. A. (2008) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.200700278 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tsuji, H., & Ishizaka, T. (2001) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/1616-5195(20010301)1:2 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Undin, J., Finne‐Wistrand, A., & Albertsson, A. (2013) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm4004783 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Enhancement of interfacial adhesion between starch and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone)
Ortega‐Toro, R., Santagata, G., d’Ayala, G. G., Cerruti, P., Talens, P., Chiralt, A., & Malinconico, M. (2016) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.070 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Controlling the synthesis of degradable vinyl polymers by xanthate-mediated polymerization
Bell, C. A., Hedir, G. G., O’Reilly, R. K., & Dove, A. P. (2015) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c5py01156f · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Synthesis of Functionally-Terminated Oligomers by Free Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization
Bailey, W. J., Endo, T., Gapud, B., Lin, Y., Ni, Z., Pan, C., Shaffer, S. E., Wu, S., Yamazaki, N., & Yonezawa, K. (1984) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A - Chemistry · doi:10.1080/00222338408056586 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sheikh, F. A., Barakat, N. A. M., Kanjwal, M. A., Aryal, S., Khil, M., & Kim, H. Y. (2008) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-008-3637-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Evaluation of Two Biodegradable Polymeric Systems as Substrates for Bone Tissue Engineering
Mendes, S. C., Bezemer, J. M., Claase, M. B., et al. (2003) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/10763270360697003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Burke, P. A., Klumb, L. A., Herberger, J. D., Nguyen, X. C., Harrell, R. A., & Zordich, M. (2004) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/b:pham.0000019305.79599.a5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cyras, V. P., Martucci, J. F., Iannace, S., et al. (2002) · Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/0892705702015003454 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Amorphized cellulose as filler in biocomposites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone)
Cocca, M., Avolio, R., Gentile, G., Pace, E. D., Errico, M. E., & Avella, M. (2014) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.024 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationDhanaraju, M. D., Damodaran, G., Ahmed, M. R., Rajadas, J., & Vamsadhara, C. (2005) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30458 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lyons, J. G., BLACKIE, P., & Higginbotham, C. L. (2007) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.09.041 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Lewandowska, M., Bil, M., Polak, B., & Ambrosio, L. (2010) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.06.015 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationA biodegradable levonorgestrel-releasing implant made of PCL/F68 compound as tested in rats and dogs
Ma, G., Song, C. X., Sun, H., Yang, J., & Leng, X. (2006) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.02.013 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Characteristics of felodipine-located poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres
Kim, B. K., Hwang, S., Park, J. B., & Park, H. J. (2005) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.1080/02652040400015346 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Labidi, S., Azéma, N., Perrin, D., & Lopez‐Cuesta, J. (2009) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.013 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Delplace, V., Harrisson, S., Tardy, A., Gigmès, D., Guillaneuf, Y., & Nicolas, J. (2013) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201300809 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Jing, X., Mi, H., Cordie, T. M., Salick, M. R., Peng, X., & Turng, L. (2014) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie5034073 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Coccoli, V., Luciani, A., Orsi, S., Guarino, V., Causa, F., & Netti, P. A. (2007) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-007-3253-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationAdditive electrospraying: a route to process electrospun scaffolds for controlled molecular release
Guarino, V., Altobelli, R., Cirillo, V., Annunziata, C., & Ambrosio, L. (2015) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.3588 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, H. Y., Wang, L., Teng, C., et al. (2008) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-008-0986-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Processing and Physical Properties of Plastics Made from Soy Protein Polyester Blends
Mungara, P. M., Chang, T., Zhu, J., & Jane, J. (2002) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1023/a:1021018022824 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Causa, F., Salerno, A., Ambrosio, L., & Netti, P. A. (2008) · Materials Science and Technology · doi:10.1179/174328408x341799 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationBlends Containing Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and Related Polymers
Koleske, J. (1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-546802-2.50018-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Carmona, V. B., de Campos, A., Marconcini, J. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3259-0 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Composite biomaterials based on ceramic polymers. I. Reinforced systems based on Al2O3/PMMA/PLLA
Rodríguez-Lorenzo, L. M., Salinas, A. J., Vallet‐Regí, M., & Rom�n, J. S. (1996) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199604)30:4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Undin, J., Finne‐Wistrand, A., & Albertsson, A. (2014) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm500689g · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Guaccio, A., Guarino, V., Perez, M. A. A., Cirillo, V., Netti, P. A., & Ambrosio, L. (2011) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.23113 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationFabrication of polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds by facile phase separation approach
Liu, S., He, Z., Xu, G., et al. (2014) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.012 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Taddei, P., Foggia, M. D., Fagnano, C., Ciapetti, G., & Ambrosio, L. (2009) · Tissue Engineering Part A · doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0543 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationDing, D., Pan, X., Zhang, Z., Li, N., Zhu, J., & Zhu, X. (2016) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c6py01061j · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kalambur, S., & Rizvi, S. S. H. (2006) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.20508 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sastre, R. L., Blanco, M. D., Teijón, C., Olmo, R., & Teijón, J. M. (2004) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.10396 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fernández, J., Etxeberria, A., & Sarasua, J.-R. (2015) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.09.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
EPR study of the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of (meth)acrylates
Kajiwara, A., & Matyjaszewski, K. A. (1998) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19980601)19:6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
RAFT/MADIX copolymerization of vinyl acetate and 5,6‐benzo‐2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane
d’Ayala, G. G., Malinconico, M., Laurienzo, P., Tardy, A., Guillaneuf, Y., Lansalot, M., D’Agosto, F., & Charleux, B. (2013) · Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1002/pola.26976 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mariani, P. D. S. C., Allganer, K., de Oliveira, F. B., Cardoso, E. J. B. N., & Mei, L. H. I. (2009) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.07.004 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Maji, S., Mitschang, F., Chen, L., Jin, Q., Wang, Y., & Agarwal, S. (2012) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201200220 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cavani, F., Raabová, K., Bigi, F., & Quarantelli, C. (2010) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201001777 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
MgCHA particles dispersion in porous PCL scaffolds:in vitromineralization andin vivobone formation
Guarino, V., Scaglione, S., Sandri, M., Álvarez-Pérez, M. A., Tampieri, A., Quarto, R., & Ambrosio, L. (2012) · Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1002/term.1521 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationCyras, V. P., Vázquez, A., & Kenny, J. M. (2001) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.10851 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Biodegradable PVOH-based foams for packaging applications
Avella, M., Cocca, M., Errico, M. E., & Gentile, G. (2011) · Journal of Cellular Plastics · doi:10.1177/0021955x11407401 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationPart shrinkage anomilies from stereolithography injection mould tooling
Harris, R. A., Newlyn, H., Hague, R., & Dickens, P. (2003) · International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture · doi:10.1016/s0890-6955(03)00080-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable foams containing cellulose fibres
Avella, M., Cocca, M., Errico, M. E., & Gentile, G. (2012) · Journal of Cellular Plastics · doi:10.1177/0021955x12449639 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationNanocomposite foams from high‐performance thermoplastics
Sorrentino, L., Aurilia, M., Cafiero, L., & Iannace, S. (2011) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.34784 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, B. O., & Woo, S. I. (1998) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s002890050422 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Haque, M. M., Errico, M. E., Gentile, G., Avella, M., & Pracellà, M. (2012) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.201100414 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationLipase catalyzed synthesis of polycaprolactone and clay-based nanohybrids
Düşkünkorur, H. Ö., Pollet, É., Phalip, V., Güvenilir, Y., & Avérous, L. (2014) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.016 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Guaccio, A., Guarnieri, D., Netti, P. A., & Ambrosio, L. (2011) · Journal of Biomaterials Applications · doi:10.1177/0885328211401056 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecipitation Polymerization of 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Kwon, S., Lee, K., Bae, W., & Kim, H. (2008) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1295/polymj.pj2007095 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Urciuolo, F., Álvarez-Pérez, M. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2011.0913 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationCationic Polymerization of 1,5-Dioxepan-2-one with Lewis Acids in Bulk and Solution
Albertsson, A., & Palmgren, R. (1996) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A · doi:10.1080/10601329608010891 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Starch/Vinyl-Alcohol Copolymer Interactions
Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V., Camia, M., et al. (1994) · Studies in polymer science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-81708-2.50021-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Guarino, V., Veronesi, F., Marrese, M., et al. (2016) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015018 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo lamellar bone formation in fibre coated MgCHA–PCL-composite scaffolds
Scaglione, S., Guarino, V., Sandri, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-011-4489-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationÖnal, L., Cozien‐Cazuc, S., Jones, I. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.27518 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ring-opening polymerization of ?-caprolactone initiated by cyclopentadienyl sodium
Yuan, M., Xiong, C., & Deng, X. (1998) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980214)67:7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Improving surface and transport properties of macroporous hydrogels for bone regeneration
Guarino, V., Galizia, M., Álvarez-Pérez, M. A., Mensitieri, G., & Ambrosio, L. (2014) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.35246 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationSolvent-free preparation of caprolactone oligomer microspheres
Lee, J., Oh, S., Joo, M. K., et al. (2007) · Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.09.016 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Narancic, T., Verstichel, S., Reddy Chaganti, S., Morales-Gamez, L., Kenny, S. T., De Wilde, B., Babu Padamati, R., & O’Connor, K. E. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02963 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Fabrication and characterization of polycaprolactone-based green materials for drug delivery
Kurakula, M., Rao, G. S. N. K., & Yadav, K. S. (2021) · Applications of Advanced Green Materials · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820484-9.00016-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Jeon, H., Kim, M.-S., Park, S. B., Kim, S., Lee, M., Park, S.-A., Hwang, S. Y., Koo, J. M., Oh, D. X., & Park, J. (2023) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-023-05615-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ngwenya, M., Gumede, T. P., Pérez Camargo, R. A., & Motloung, B. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18225172 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…via (i) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) (ionic-or metal-catalyzed, and coordination insertion method) of the cyclic monomer ε -caprolactone, (ii) cyclic ketene acetals using radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP), and (iii) 6-hydroxycaproic acid polycondensation, as shown in Figure 1 [39].”
- Authors
- Guarino, V., Gentile, G., Sorrentino, L., & Ambrosio, L.
- Affiliations
- National Research Council (IT)
- Venue
- Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-08-15
- Pages
- 1-36
- OpenAlex
- W2899449464
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 181
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3
- Type
- reference entry
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- polycaprolactone, biodegradable polymers, aliphatic polyesters, polymer synthesis, biodegradation, hydrolysis, enzymatic degradation, mechanical properties, rheology, porous scaffolds, drug delivery, tissue engineering, green chemistry, biomedical implants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
