Cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits following stroke
Open accessAbstract
Background Many survivors of stroke report attentional impairments, such as diminished concentration and distractibility. However, the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for improving these impairments is uncertain.This is an update of the Cochrane Review first published in 2000 and previously updated in 2013. Objectives To determine whether people receiving cognitive rehabilitation for attention problems 1. show better outcomes in their attentional functions than those given no treatment or treatment as usual, and 2. have a better functional recovery, in terms of independence in activities of daily living, mood, and quality of life, than those given no treatment or treatment as usual. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycBITE, REHABDATA and ongoing trials registers up to February 2019. We screened reference lists and tracked citations using Scopus. Selection criteria We included controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cognitive rehabilitation for impairments of attention for people with stroke. We did not consider listening to music, meditation, yoga, or mindfulness to be a form of cognitive rehabilitation. We only considered trials that selected people with demonstrable or self-reported attentional deficits. The primary outcomes were measures of global attentional functions, and secondary outcomes were measures of attentional domains (i.e. alertness, selective attention, sustained attention, divided attention), functional abilities, mood, and quality of life. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. Main results We included no new trials in this update. The results are unchanged from the previous review and are based on the data of six RCTs with 223 participants. All six RCTs compared cognitive rehabilitation with a usual care control. Meta-analyses demonstrated no convincing effect of cognitive rehabilitation on subjective measures of attention either immediately after treatment (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.03 to 1.08; P = 0.06; 2 studies, 53 participants; very low-quality evidence) or at follow-up (SMD 0.16, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.56; P = 0.41; 2 studies, 99 participants; very low-quality evidence). People receiving cognitive rehabilitation (when compared with control) showed that measures of divided attention recorded immediately after treatment may improve (SMD 0.67, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.98; P < 0.0001; 4 studies, 165 participants; low-quality evidence), but it is uncertain that these effects persisted (SMD 0.36, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.76; P = 0.08; 2 studies, 99 participants; very low-quality evidence). There was no evidence for immediate or persistent effects of cognitive rehabilitation on alertness, selective attention, and sustained attention. There was no convincing evidence for immediate or long-term effects of cognitive rehabilitation for attentional problems on functional abilities, mood, and quality of life after stroke. Authors' conclusions The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits following stroke remains unconfirmed. The results suggest there may be an immediate effect after treatment on attentional abilities, but future studies need to assess what helps this effect persist and generalise to attentional skills in daily life. Trials also need to have higher methodological quality and better reporting.
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Some cognitive rehabilitation interventions can be effective in the short term, but these improvements are not always maintained and do not consistently generalise to non-targeted everyday cognitive functions.
“For example, some cognitive rehabilitation interventions can be effective in the short term, however these improvements are not always maintained and do not consistently generalise to non-targeted everyday cognitive functions (das Nair et al., 2016;Elliott & Parente, 2014;Loetscher et al., 2019).”
From A single-case experimental evaluation of a new group-based intervention to enhance adjustment to life with acquired brain injury: VaLiANT (valued living after neurological trauma) (2022) · cites this paper as Loetscher et al., 2019
Some cognitive rehabilitation interventions can be effective in the short term, however these improvements are not always maintained and do not consistently generalise to non-targeted everyday cognitive functions.
“some cognitive rehabilitation interventions can be effective in the short term, however these improvements are not always maintained and do not consistently generalise to non-targeted everyday cognitive functions (das Nair et al., 2016;Elliott & Parente, 2014;Loetscher et al., 2019).”
From A single-case experimental evaluation of a new group-based intervention to enhance adjustment to life with acquired brain injury: VaLiANT (valued living after neurological trauma) (2022) · cites this paper as Loetscher et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Loetscher, T., Potter, K.-J., Wong, D., & das Nair, R.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- University of Nottingham; Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology; Nottingham Nottinghamshire UK NG7 2UH
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-11-10
- Volume
- 2019
- Issue
- 11
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- OpenAlex
- W4248489348
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- cognitive rehabilitation, stroke, attention deficits, concentration, stroke survivors, attentional impairment
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