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Cited by 524Marine and coastal ecosystemsAtmospheric and Environmental Gas DynamicsOceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

Recent variability of the global ocean carbon sink.

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Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U.·2014·Global Biogeochemical Cycles
DOI 10.1002/2014gb004853
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Abstract

We present a new observation‐based estimate of the global oceanic carbon dioxide (CO 2) sink and its temporal variation on a monthly basis from 1998 through 2011 and at a spatial resolution of 1°×1°. This sink estimate rests upon a neural network‐based mapping of global surface ocean observations of the partial pressure of CO 2 (p CO 2) from the Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas database. The resulting p CO 2 has small biases when evaluated against independent observations in the different ocean basins, but larger randomly distributed differences exist particularly in high latitudes. The seasonal climatology of our neural network‐based product agrees overall well with the Takahashi et al. (2009) climatology, although our product produces a stronger seasonal cycle at high latitudes. From our global p CO 2 product, we compute a mean net global ocean (excluding the Arctic Ocean and coastal regions) CO 2 uptake flux of −1.42 ± 0.53 Pg C yr−1, which is in good agreement with ocean inversion‐based estimates. Our data indicate a moderate level of interannual variability in the ocean carbon sink (±0.12 Pg C yr−1, 1 σ) from 1998 through 2011, mostly originating from the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Accounting for steady state riverine and Arctic Ocean carbon fluxes our estimate further implies a mean anthropogenic CO 2 uptake of −1.99 ± 0.59 Pg C yr−1 over the analysis period. From this estimate plus the most recent estimates for fossil fuel emissions and atmospheric CO 2 accumulation, we infer a mean global land sink of −2.82 ± 0.85 Pg C yr−1 over the 1998 through 2011 period with strong interannual variation.

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  • The tropical Atlantic is the second largest source, after the tropical Pacific, of oceanic CO2 to the atmosphere, releasing about 0.10 Pg C yr-1 in the 18°S-18°N region.

    “The tropical Atlantic is the second largest source, after the tropical Pacific, of oceanic CO 2 to the atmosphere, releasing about 0.10 Pg C yr -1 in the 18 • S-18 • N region (Landschützer et al., 2014).”

    From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Landschützer et al., 2014

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Authors
Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., & Schuster, U.
Affiliations
  • University of East Anglia (GB)
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2014-09
Volume
28
Issue
9
Pages
927-949
ISSN
  • 0886-6236 (ISSN-L)
  • 1944-9224
DOI
10.1002/2014gb004853
OpenAlex
W2101767284
Cited by
524
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 5
FWCI
20.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 10 d)
Locations
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles (publishedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion)
  • Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
European Commission (283080)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Keywords
ocean carbon sink, ocean carbon uptake, partial pressure of CO2, SOCAT, neural network interpolation, interannual variability, ENSO, equatorial Pacific, anthropogenic CO2 uptake, terrestrial carbon sink, carbon cycle, seasonal cycle, high latitudes

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