Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources: Electronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, abstracts and proceedings of international conferences. Review methods: RCTs with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation, fortified formula milk or cereals were evaluated. The outcomes studied were mental and motor development scores and various individual development tests employed, including Bayley mental and psychomotor development indices and intelligence quotient. Results: The pooled estimate (random effects model) of mental development score standardised mean difference (SMD) was 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 0.46,P< 0.001;P< 0.001 for heterogeneity). Initial anaemia and iron-deficiency anaemia were significant explanatory variables for heterogeneity. The pooled estimate of Bayley Mental Development Index (weighted mean difference) in younger children (<27 months old) was 0.95 (95% CI −0.56 to 2.46,P= 0.22;P= 0.016 for heterogeneity). For intelligence quotient scores (≥8 years age), the pooled SMD was 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.62,P< 0.001;P= 0.07 for heterogeneity). There was no effect of iron supplementation on motor development score (SMD 0.09, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.26,P= 0.28;P= 0.028 for heterogeneity). Conclusions: Iron supplementation improves mental development score modestly. This effect is particularly apparent for intelligence tests above 7 years of age and in initially anaemic or iron-deficient anaemic subjects. There is no convincing evidence that iron treatment has an effect on mental development in children below 27 months of age or on motor development.
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Early-life iron deficiency impairs cognition, motor development, social orientation and engagement, and language development, with improvements observed upon iron supplementation.
“Iron de fi ciency early in life has been shown to impair cognition, motor development, social orientation and engagement, and language development, with improvements being observed upon iron supplementation (15 -19).”
From Maternal Intake of Supplemental Iron and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Sachdev, H., Gera, T., & Nestel, P.
- Affiliations
- Sunder Lal Jain Hospital (IN)
- International Food Policy Research Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Gera, Tarun
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-132
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- OpenAlex
- W2042484504
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia, cognitive development, motor development, child development, intelligence quotient, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, fortified cereals
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iron, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Time Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Dietary Supplements
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