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Development of Achievement Motivation and Engagement
Abstract
In this chapter we review the research on the development of children's motivation and engagement. We organize our review into four major sections: the development of children's achievement motivation; gender, cultural, and ethnic differences in children's motivation; socialization of motivation in the family; and socialization of motivation in school. We take a social‐cognitive expectancy‐value theoretical perspective to organize our discussion of this work. We first discuss the development of children's motivation and engagement and take another look at the often‐observed decline in motivation, focusing on new work showing different patterns in these declines among different groups of children. We also discuss how children's motivation relates to their performance and choice, two kinds of outcomes of major importance to children's healthy development. The second major section discusses gender, ethnic, and cultural differences in children's motivation and the important advances researchers have made in understanding these over the past 10 years. In the family and school socialization sections we focus on processes by which parents, teachers, and schools can impact children's motivation both positively and negatively. We note the similarities of these processes across socializers: Providing appropriate challenges and emotional warmth and support, and having high expectations for children. We discuss the need for more integrative studies of how parents and also teachers impact…
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“Motivation involves beliefs, values, interests, goals, drives, needs, reinforcements, and identities (Oyserman & Destin, 2010;Wigfield et al., 2015); influences choice, persistence, and effort (Wigfield et al., 2015); and is essential for engagement and learning.”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Wigfield et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Children's goals for learning and other activities, interest in learning, and valuing of achievement also are central to achievement motivation (Wigfield et al., 2015).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Wigfield et al., 2015
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“, 2015); influences choice, persistence, and effort (Wigfield et al., 2015); and is essential for engagement and learning.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Fredricks, J. A., Simpkins, S., Roeser, R. W., & Schiefele, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Connecticut College (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Portland State University (US)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-23
- Pages
- 1-44
- OpenAlex
- W1512652965
- Cited by
- 646
- References
- 259
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 6
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
- Keywords
- achievement motivation, student engagement, expectancy-value theory, motivation decline, gender differences, ethnic and cultural differences, family socialization, school socialization, parental expectations, teacher influence, emotional warmth, unconscious processes
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