11 C‐PK11195 PET–based molecular study of microglia activation in SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Neuroinflammation is considered a key driver for neurodegeneration in several neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SOD1 mutations cause about 20% of familial ALS, and related pathology might generate microglial activation triggering neurodegeneration. 11 C‐PK11195 is the prototypical and most validated PET radiotracer, targeting the 18‐kDa translocator protein which is overexpressed in activated microglia. In this study, we investigated microglia activation in asymptomatic (ASYM) and symptomatic (SYM) SOD1 mutated carriers, by using 11 C‐PK11195 and PET imaging. Methods: We included 20 subjects: 4 ASYM‐carriers, neurologically normal, 6 SYM‐carriers with probable ALS, and 10 healthy controls. A receptor parametric mapping procedure estimated 11 C‐PK11195 binding potentials and voxel‐wise statistical comparisons were performed at group and single‐subject levels. Results: Both the SYM‐ and ASYM‐carriers showed significant microglia activation in cortical and subcortical structures, with variable patterns at individual level. Clusters of activation were present in occipital and temporal regions, cerebellum, thalamus, and medulla oblongata. Notably, SYM‐carriers showed microglia activation also in supplementary and primary motor cortices and in the somatosensory regions. Interpretation: In vivo neuroinflammation occurred in all SOD1 mutated cases since the presymptomatic stages, as shown by a significant cortical and subcortical microglia activation. The involvement of sensorimotor cortex became evident at the symptomatic disease stage. Although our data indicate the role of in vivo PET imaging for assessing resident microglia in the investigation of SOD1‐ALS pathophysiology, further studies are needed to clarify the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia activation and its relationship with neurodegeneration.
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Microglial activation in middle frontal and superior or middle temporal gyrus regions was also highly found in in vivo PET imaging studies in humans.
“Microglial activation in middle frontal and superior or middle temporal gyrus regions was also highly found in vivo PET imaging studies in humans”
From Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023) · cites this paper as [313]
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Theme 08 - CLINICAL IMAGING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.1080/21678421.2021.1985794
Walz, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48105-5_13
A Vitamin Treatment for Motor Neurone Disease
Baptie, A., & McCaffery, P. J. A. (2024) · Advances in biochemistry in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55489-6_14
Zhao, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, M., Ba, L., Ding, F., Wu, H., Tang, J., Gong, Z., Li, Z., Zhang, J., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4865024/v1
Averchuk, E. S., Salmina, A. B., Akhmadieva, L. A., Mukhamedyarov, M. A., & Illarioshkin, S. N. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.17816/acen.1240 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lv, C., Zhu, W., Wen, X., & Da, Y. (2026) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1080/17590914.2026.2715625
Tang, L., & Fan, D. (2026) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-026-00572-2
Morrone, M., Valori, C. F., Brambilla, L., & Rossi, D. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15191798
Sun, J., Gao, G., Wang, S., Li, S., Tang, J., Liu, H., & Tang, T.-S. (2026) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02776-4
- Authors
- Tondo, G., Iaccarino, L., Cerami, C., Vanoli, G. E., Presotto, L., Masiello, V., Coliva, A., Salvi, F., Bartolomei, I., Mosca, L., Lunetta, C., & Perani, D.
- Affiliations
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Ospedale Bellaria (IT)
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda (IT)
- NeuroMuscular Omnicentre Serena Onlus Foundation Milan Italy
- Corresponding author
- Perani, Daniela
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-08-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1513-1523
- ISSN
- 2328-9503 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7480909
- OpenAlex
- W3047985982
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- INMIND (278850, FP7-HEALTH-2011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, SOD1 mutations, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, [11C]PK11195, translocator protein (TSPO), positron emission tomography, presymptomatic carriers, sensorimotor cortex, neurodegeneration, familial ALS
- MeSH terms
- Superoxide Dismutase-1, Adult, Aged, Amides, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Brain, Female, Heterozygote, Humans, Inflammation, Isoquinolines, Male, Middle Aged, Microglia, Positron-Emission Tomography, Prodromal Symptoms
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