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Methylxanthine Drug Monitoring with Wearable Sweat Sensors
Open accessAbstract
Drug monitoring plays crucial roles in doping control and precision medicine. It helps physicians tailor drug dosage for optimal benefits, track patients' compliance to prescriptions, and understand the complex pharmacokinetics of drugs. Conventional drug tests rely on invasive blood draws. While urine and sweat are attractive alternative biofluids, the state‐of‐the‐art methods require separate sample collection and processing steps and fail to provide real‐time information. Here, a wearable platform equipped with an electrochemical differential pulse voltammetry sensing module for drug monitoring is presented. A methylxanthine drug, caffeine, is selected to demonstrate the platform's functionalities. Sweat caffeine levels are monitored under various conditions, such as drug doses and measurement time after drug intake. Elevated sweat caffeine levels upon increasing dosage and confirmable caffeine physiological trends are observed. This work leverages a wearable sweat sensing platform toward noninvasive and continuous point‐of‐care drug monitoring and management.
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“For example, a wearable sweat-based sensor has been developed for detecting caffeine (a methylxanthine drug) using pilocarpine-based iontophoretic sweat stimulation or exercise-induced sweat92.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
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“Even so, as described, the sensing device was not integrated with the sweat generation device, but rather coupled to a commercially available Macroduct sweat collector using pilocarpine delivery.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
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“Rather than using biological recognition, this sensing platform relied on direct anodic detection of caffeine at a carbon nanotube-based working electrode with a voltammetric scan.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
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Citations
Cites
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Self-citationSoft Microfluidic Assemblies of Sensors, Circuits, and Radios for the Skin
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Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring
Kim, J., Campbell, A. S., de Ávila, B. E.-F., & Wang, J. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0045-y · Cited by 3,373
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Luo, Y., Abidian, M. R., Ahn, J., Akinwande, D., Andrews, A. M., Antonietti, M., Bao, Z., Magnus Berggren, A., Berkey, C. A., Bettinger, C. J., et al. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c12606 · Cited by 1,453
Self-citationBio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Ray, T. R., Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Krishnan, S., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573 · Cited by 1,350
Flexible Electronics toward Wearable Sensing
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Self-citationWearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis: a review
Gao, F., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Liu, T., Wang, Z., Song, Z., Cai, H., Fang, Z., Chen, J., Wang, J., et al. (2022) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-022-00443-6 · Cited by 854
Metadata
- Authors
- Tai, L., Gao, W., Chao, M., Bariya, M., Ngo, Q. P., Shahpar, Z., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Park, H., Sun, J., Jung, Y., Wu, E., Fahad, H. M., Lien, D., Ota, H., Cho, G., & Javey, A.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Sunchon National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Javey, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-04-16
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- e1707442-e1707442
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2800594651
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 13.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐AC02‐05CH11231)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (16163KKMFDS001)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- methylxanthines, caffeine, sweat sensors, wearable sensors, non-invasive drug monitoring, point-of-care testing, doping control, pharmacokinetics
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Sweat, Xanthines, Drug Monitoring
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