The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expression of the dopamine transporter gene is regulated by the 3′ UTR VNTR: Evidence from brain and lymphocytes using quantitative RT-PCR
Abstract
Genetic association studies provide considerable evidence that the 10-repeat allele of a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) is associated with a range of psychiatric phenotypes, most notably, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The mechanism for this association is not yet understood, although several lines of evidence implicate variation in gene expression. In this study, we measured DAT1 messenger RNA levels in cerebellum, temporal lobe, and lymphocytes using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Relative to a set of four control housekeeping genes (beta-actin, GAPD, ribosomal 18S, and beta2-microglobulin) we observed that increased levels of DAT1 expression were associated with the number of 10-repeat alleles. These data provide direct evidence that the VNTR, or another polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with the VNTR, is involved in regulating expression of this gene.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The DAT binding site density for the most common repeat alleles (9-repeat and 10-repeat) is significantly less for the 9-repeat allele than the 10-repeat allele, linking the 9-repeat allele with reduced DAT expression and greater striatal synaptic DA (Fuke, Suo et al. 2001; Mill, Asherson et al. 2002; VanNess, Owens et al. 2005), although some studies have suggested the opposite (Mill, Asherson et”
From Developmental imaging genetics: Linking dopamine function to adolescent behavior (2014) · cites this paper as Mill, Asherson et al. 2002
Citations
Cites
Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter
Giros, B., Jaber, M., Jones, S. R., Wightman, R. M., & Caron, M. G. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379606a0 · Cited by 2,476
Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.
Cook, E. H., Stein, M. A., Krasowski, M. D., Cox, N. J., Olkon, D. M., Kieffer, J. E., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 995
Untranslated regions of mRNAs.
(2002) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-3-reviews0004 · Cited by 987
Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., Spencer, T. J., Rauch, S. L., Madras, B. K., & Fischman, A. J. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04030-1 · Cited by 684
Genotype Influences In Vivo Dopamine Transporter Availability in Human Striatum
Heinz, A. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00099-8 · Cited by 538
Krause, K.-H., Dresel, S. H., Krause, J., Kung, H. F., & Tatsch, K. (2000) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01040-5 · Cited by 521
Gill, M., Daly, G., Heron, S., Hawi, Z., & Fitzgerald, M. (1997) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000290 · Cited by 482
Waldman, I. D., Rowe, D. C., Abramowitz, A., Kozel, S. T., Mohr, J. H., Sherman, S. L., Cleveland, H. H., Sanders, M. L., Gard, J. M. C., & Stever, C. (1998) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302132 · Cited by 462
The VNTR polymorphism of the human dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene affects gene expression
Fuke, S., Suo, S., Takahashi, N., Koike, H., Sasagawa, N., & Ishiura, S. (2001) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500026 · Cited by 415
Daly, G., Hawi, Z., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (1999) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000510 · Cited by 377
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–341 of 341
Pharmacogenetics in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Cabetas, A. G., del Bosque, A., Sáinz-Gil, M., & Verde, Z. (2026) · Future Pharmacology · doi:10.3390/futurepharmacol6010005 · Cited by 1
Božina, N., Živković, M., Begovac, I., Ganoci, L., Šimičević, L., Želalić, M. O., Stefanović, I., & Išasegi, I. Ž. (2026) · Biochemia Medica · doi:10.11613/bm.2026.020902 · Cited by 1
The Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorders
Wight, K., Reid‐Westoby, C., & Davis, C. A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_168 · Cited by 1
Mapping Neurogenetic Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Affect
Hariri, A. R. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511843716.032 · Cited by 1
Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs: An update
Crisafulli, C., Drago, A., Calabrò, M., Sidoti, A., Serretti, A., & Spina, E. (2014) · Hospital Pharmacology - International Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.5937/hpimj1401033c · Cited by 1
Genetic Factors Underlying Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry
Maron, E., Lan, C., & Nutt, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4358-1_3 · Cited by 2
Roomaney, A. A., Womersley, J. S., Swart, P., Spies, G., Seedat, S., & Hemmings, S. M. J. (2021) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.12.003 · Cited by 2
Shirakawa, Y., Kita, Y., SUZUKI, K., Kaga, Y., Kitamura, Y., Okuzumi, H., & Inagaki, M. (2023) · Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology · doi:10.5674/jjppp.2302si · Cited by 1
Chapter 3.8 The multiple roles of dopaminergic neurotransmission in episodic memory
Schott, B. H., & Düzel, E. (2008) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1569-7339(08)00221-x · Cited by 1
Milioni, A. L. V. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2023.tde-01082023-122323 · Cited by 1
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets
Daly, A. K., & Arranz, M. J. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118116494.ch5
On the influence of dopamine-related genetic variation on dopamine-related disorders
Bergman, O. (2009) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Acute (infantile) Gaucher's disease
Cederbaum, S. D. (2003) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(03)00256-7
Ahn, R. (2012) · Scholarship - Claremont (Claremont Colleges)
NEURAL BASIS OF AGING AND IMPLICIT ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
Simon, J. R. (2011) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Marques, F. Z. (2006) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Carrasco, X., Henríquez, M. L. C., Zamorano, F. J., Paula Rothhammer, A., Daiber, F., & Aboitiz, F. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70573-4_14
DOPAMINE-REGULATING GENES, EXECUTIVE CONTROL, AND THE NETWORK STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Gordon, E. M. (2013) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Akgün, G. M., Tufan, A. E., & Yurteri, N. (2011)
Zhang, S., Jiang, W., Tang, X., Xu, Q., Zhang, X., & Liu, S. (2015)
A study on candidate gene polymorphisms in association with mental retardation
Bhowmik, A. D. (2010) · Shodhganga
Heber, E. (2017) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Genetic Variants of the Dopaminergic System in Humans and Model Organisms
Kanno, K., & Ishiura, S. (2011) · Primatology monographs · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53892-9_10
Mecanismos de control neuroinmune y la vía colinérgica antiinflamatoria
Pérez-Cervera, Y., & Rosas, R. T. (2018) · Tequio · doi:10.53331/teq.v1i2.9987
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416040-8.16001-8
Investigação das bases biológicas da cognição na esquizofrenia com Imagiologia Genética
Prata, D. P. (2015) · Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra eBooks · doi:10.14195/978-989-26-0852-5_8
Genes Predisposing to Erectile Dysfunction and Management: A Review
Yahaya, T., Oladele, E. O., Sifau, M. O., Shehu, K., ALIERO, A. A., & Bakare, T. (2022) · Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research · doi:10.2478/sjecr-2021-0080
Núñez, N. A., Jezzini‐Martinez, S., Ho, A. M., Gardea‐Resendez, M., Prokop, L. J., Singh, B., Robledo-Atilano, P. M., Romo‐Nava, F., Veldić, M., McElroy, S. L., et al. (2024) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100092
Padmanabhan, A. (2013) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Failla, M. D. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Prevention of Brain Disorders by Nicotine
Alkadhi, K. A., Salim, S., & Alzoubi, K. H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_178
Driven by Dopamine: Genetic Insights into Motivation and Performance in Sports and Esports
Majchrzak, N., Humińska‐Lisowska, K., & Leońska‐Duniec, A. (2026) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes17020144 · Cited by 1
Torbidoni-Baldassari, B., Guazzarini, A. G., Rezza, G., Bastiani, P., Cecchetti, R., Mecocci, P., & Napolioni, V. (2026) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-026-02341-6
Pekkoc-Uyanik, K. C., Bayındır, M., Akdemir, M. F., Okuyan, A. A., Tarakçıoğlu, M., Ozyazgan, S., & Seven, Z. G. T. (2026) · Pharmacogenomics (London) · doi:10.1080/14622416.2026.2706504
Jóźwiak, J. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27156748
Hamedanian, N., Karimipoor, M., Amidfar, M., & Yoosefee, S. (2026) · Addiction and Health · doi:10.34172/ahj.1714
Scanning the Genome for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Kirley, A. (2005) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1385/1-59259-891-9:041
Metadata
- Authors
- Mill, J., Asherson, P., Browes, C., D'Souza, U., & Craig, I.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mill, Jonathan
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-10-07
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 975-979
- ISSN
- 0148-7299 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-8628
- OpenAlex
- W1997639097
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- dopamine transporter gene, DAT1, 3' untranslated region, variable number tandem repeats, VNTR polymorphism, gene expression regulation, mRNA levels, cerebellum, temporal lobe, lymphocytes, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, genetic association, housekeeping genes
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Lymphocytes, Membrane Glycoproteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Minisatellite Repeats, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, 3' Untranslated Regions, Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
