Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Dougherty, Darin D; Bonab, Ali A; Spencer, Thomas J; Rauch, Scott L; Madras, Bertha K; Fischman, Alan J

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04030-1

Cited by 684Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorSchizophrenia research and treatment

Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Dougherty, Darin D, Bonab, Ali A, Spencer, Thomas J, Rauch, Scott L, Madras, Bertha K, Fischman, Alan J·1999·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04030-1

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Abstract

Dopamine transporter density was measured in vivo in six adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We have shown a 70% increase in age-corrected dopamine transporter density in patients with attention hyperactivity disorder compared with healthy controls.

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Levels of tonic and phasic DA have been found to be lower in individuals with ADHD, whereas the density of DATs, which downregulate DA activity, is higher in ADHD.
“Levels of tonic and phasic DA have also been found to be lower in individuals with ADHD [453,496] whereas the density of DATs, which downregulate DA activity, is higher in ADHD [448,449].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [448]
DAT knockout mice provide an extreme model because only a mild reduction in midbrain DAT binding has been seen in human adolescents with ADHD, and the model does not agree with several studies that found increased DAT in the striatum of children and adults with ADHD.
“However, DAT knockout mice provide an extreme model because only a mild reduction in midbrain DAT binding has been seen in human adolescents with ADHD [447], and the model also does not agree with several studies have that found increased DAT in the striatum of children and adults in ADHD [448,449].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [448]
A generally accepted biological theory of ADHD has been that the disorder involves abnormally high DAT density, suggested by SPECT studies in small adult ADHD samples.
“For the past decade, a generally accepted underpinning of biological theories of ADHD has been that this disorder is associated with abnormally high levels of DAT density, which were suggested by studies using single photon emission tomography to evaluate small samples of ADHD adults (Dougherty et al, 1999;Krause, 2008).”
From Understanding the Effects of Stimulant Medications on Cognition in Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Decade of Progress (2011) · cites this paper as Dougherty et al, 1999
The dopaminergic system is thought to be abnormal in ADHD.
“The dopaminergic system is thought to be abnormal in ADHD [66,67].”
From Gamification of Cognitive Assessment and Cognitive Training: A Systematic Review of Applications and Efficacy (2016) · cites this paper as [66]

Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.
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Authors: Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., Spencer, T. J., Rauch, S. L., Madras, B. K., & Fischman, A. J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Dougherty, Darin D
Spencer, Thomas J
Rauch, Scott L
Madras, Bertha K
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-12
Volume: 354
Issue: 9196
Pages: 2132-2133
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04030-1
OpenAlex: W2112098409
Cited by: 684
References: 4
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 22.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ns030556-06)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA011558, DA 11558, DA00304)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS30556)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords: dopamine transporter density, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adult ADHD, in vivo imaging, dopamine transporter imaging
MeSH terms: Adult, Aging, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Carrier Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Case-Control Studies, Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

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Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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