Nosology and epidemiology in autism: classification counts
Abstract
Since its initial description by Kanner in 1943, the criteria by which a diagnosis of autism or autism‐like disorders was made—and their alleged etiologies portrayed—have undergone manifold changes, from a psychiatric disorder engendered by “refridgerator” parents to a neurodevelopmental disability produced in the main by genetic abnormalities. In addition, the behavioral characterization of autism has also entered the public consciousness and professional domains increasingly in the past 30 years, the effects of which we are continually coming to terms. A diagnosis of autism that once seemed quite unusual is now considered almost epidemic. Increasing numbers of individuals diagnosed with autism and related pervasive developmental disabilities will, in turn, affect the calculated prevalence of the disorder. In this essay, I attempt to account for the increasing prevalence of autism and autism‐related disorders by examining its changing criteria, the individuals and instruments used to make the diagnosis, the reliability and validity of same, and the sample sizes and other aspects of the methodology needed to make an accurate estimate of its prevalence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Fisch showed that the rising prevalence of autism is related to the use of different diagnostic criteria.
“However, Fisch (19, 20) showed clearly that this rising prevalence is related to the use of different diagnostic criteria.”
From Gene × Environment Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
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Clinical, genetic and functional characterization of intellectual disability disorders
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- Authors
- Fisch, G. S.
- Affiliations
- Yeshiva University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fisch, Gene S.
- ORCID
- Fisch, Gene S.
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-12
- Volume
- 160C
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 91-103
- ISSN
- 1552-4868 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4876
- OpenAlex
- W2142199424
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, disease classification, epidemiology, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, pervasive developmental disorders, diagnostic validity, sample size, genetic etiology, history of autism diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Humans, Prevalence, Evidence-Based Medicine
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