Shipwrecks and founder effects: Divergent demographic histories reflected in Caribbean mtDNA
Abstract
During the period of the Atlantic slave trade (15th-19th centuries), millions of people were forced to move from Africa to many American destinations, changing dramatically the human landscape of the Americas. Here, we analyze mitochondrial DNA from two different American populations with African ancestry, with hitherto unknown European and Native American components. On the basis of historical records, African-Americans from Chocó (Colombia) and the Garífunas (or "Black Carib") of Honduras are likely to have had very different demographic histories, with a significant founder effect in the formation of the latter. Both the common features and differences are reflected in their mtDNA composition. Both show a minor component (approximately 16%) from Native Central/South Americans and a larger component (approximately 84%) from sub-Saharan Africans. The latter component is very diverse in the African-Americans from Chocó, similar to that of sub-Saharan Africans, but much less so in the Garífunas, with several mtDNA types elevated to high frequency, suggesting the action of genetic drift.
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More recent studies using high-density genotype data provide reliable individual ancestry estimates, illustrate large variability in African and European ancestry proportions at an individual level, and detect low proportions of Native American ancestry.
“More recent studies that utilized high-density genotype data provide reliable individual ancestry estimates, illustrate the large variability in African and European ancestry proportions at an individual level, and are able to detect low proportions of Native American ancestry.3–11”
From The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Salas, A., Richards, M., Lareu, M., Sobrino, B., Silva, S., Matamoros, M., Macaulay, V., & Carracedo, Á.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Universidad de Costa Rica (CR)
- Ministerio Público de Honduras (HN)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Salas, Antonio
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physical Anthropology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-07-26
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 855-860
- ISSN
- 0002-9483 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-8644
- OpenAlex
- W2167261319
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physical Anthropology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Keywords
- shipwreck, founder effect, mitochondrial DNA, African American population, Garifuna, Chocó, transatlantic slave trade, African ancestry, genetic drift, Caribbean population, population structure
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Black or African American, Colombia, DNA, Mitochondrial, Emigration and Immigration, Genetics, Population, Honduras, Humans, Indians, Central American, Indians, South American, Social Problems, Genetic Variation, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century
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