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Imaging hippocampal function across the human life span: Is memory decline normal or not?
Open accessAbstract
Memory function commonly declines in later life. Whether memory decline represents a disease process or whether it is part of normal aging remains unknown. Here we answer this question by assessing the function of multiple subregions that make up the hippocampal circuit across the human life span. A newly developed MRI approach—designed to detect functional changes in individual hippocampal subregions—was used to assess the hippocampal circuit in 70 subjects between 20 and 88 years of age. Using strict parametric criteria, analysis revealed that function in two hippocampal subregions—the subiculum and the dentate gyrus—decline normally with age. In contrast, function in the entorhinal cortex declines pathologically. Single‐subject analysis revealed that hippocampal dysfunction, found in 60% of elders was selectively correlated with memory decline. These results show that memory decline is caused by different mechanisms and suggests how memory decline should be approached clinically.
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“Normal ageing is associated with reduced metabolic activity in the subiculum and the dentate gyrus, whereas reduced activity in the entorhinal cortex may be an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease (14).”
From Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Small, S. A., Tsai, W. Y., DeLaPaz, R., Mayeux, R., & Stern, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Small, Scott A.
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-02-28
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 290-295
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2107406220
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG08702, AG 00949, P50AG008702)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- hippocampal function, memory decline, normal aging, hippocampal subfields, subiculum, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal circuitry
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Entorhinal Cortex, Dentate Gyrus
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