Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathology to Therapeutic Approaches

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Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide

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Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease

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Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound‐B

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Alzheimer's Disease Is a Synaptic Failure

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Mild cognitive impairment

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β-Secretase Cleavage of Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein by the Transmembrane Aspartic Protease BACE

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Neuroprotective potential of the oxindole alkaloids isomitraphylline and mitraphylline in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

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Real‐time Tracking and Sensing of Cu+ and Cu2+ with a Single SERS Probe in the Live Brain: Toward Understanding Why Copper Ions Were Increased upon Ischemia

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Amyloid Targeting Red Emitting AIE Dots for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application against Alzheimer’s Disease

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BRI2 and BRI3 are functionally distinct phosphoproteins

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Chelation-induced diradical formation as an approach to modulation of the amyloid-β aggregation pathway

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Ion mobility spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis: revealing the effects of a drug candidate for Alzheimer’s disease on Aβ1-40 peptide early assembly

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Efficient suppression of amyloid-β peptide aggregation and cytotoxicity with photosensitive polymer nanodots

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Histidine Tautomeric Effect on the Key Fragment R3 of Tau Protein from Atomistic Simulations

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Chiral effect on Aβ fibrillation from molecular-scale to nanoscale

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Maintenance of Amyloid β Peptide Homeostasis by Artificial Chaperones Based on Mixed‐Shell Polymeric Micelles

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Diverse Ecdysterones Show Different Effects on Amyloid-β42 Aggregation but All Uniformly Inhibit Amyloid-β42-Induced Cytotoxicity

Yang, S., Zhang, X., Sun, X.-S., Ling, T.-J., Feng, Y., Du, X., Zhao, M., Yang, Y., Xue, D., Wang, L., et al. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100621 · Cited by 16

In silico strategies for the selection of chelating compounds with potential application in metal-promoted neurodegenerative diseases

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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Fluorinated Ethanolamines

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Medin Oligomer Membrane Pore Formation: A Potential Mechanism of Vascular Dysfunction

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Divalent 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole Bifunctional Chelators for 64 Cu Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease

Terpstra, K., Wang, Y., Huynh, T. T., Bandara, N., Cho, H., Rogers, B. E., & Mirica, L. M. (2022) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02740 · Cited by 16

Photooxidative inhibition and decomposition of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's by nano-assemblies of transferrin and indocyanine green

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“Common-Precursor” Protein Mimetic Approach to Rescue Aβ Aggregation-Mediated Alzheimer’s Phenotypes

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Minor Structural Variations of Small Molecules Tune Regulatory Activities toward Pathological Factors in Alzheimer's Disease

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A peptide-based near-infrared fluorescence probe for dynamic monitoring senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

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Amyloid-β Peptide Targeting Peptidomimetics for Prevention of Neurotoxicity

Honcharenko, D., Juneja, A., Kurudenkandy, F. R., Maity, J., Galán-Acosta, L., Biverstål, H., Hjorth, E., Johansson, J., Fisahn, A., Nilsson, L., et al. (2019) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00485 · Cited by 15

A Mathematical Model for Amyloid-𝜷 Aggregation in the Presence of Metal Ions: A Timescale Analysis for the Progress of Alzheimer Disease

Asili, E., Yarahmadian, S., Khani, H., & Sharify, M. (2019) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-019-00583-3 · Cited by 15

Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside Promotes Early Aβ42 Oligomer Formation and Maintenance

Zhang, D. Y., Wang, J., Fleeman, R. M., Kuhn, M. K., Swulius, M. T., Proctor, E. A., & Dokholyan, N. V. (2022) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00221 · Cited by 14

Aβ8-20 Fragment as an Anti-Fibrillogenic and Neuroprotective Agent: Advancing toward Efficient Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment

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Identification of 2-subsituted benzothiazole derivatives as triple-functional agents with potential for AD therapy

Jiang, L., Zhang, M., Tang, L., Weng, Q., Shen, Y., Hu, Y., & Sheng, R. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra25788c · Cited by 15

Metal Protein-Attenuating Compound for PET Neuroimaging: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of [11C]PBT2

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Basified Human Lysozyme: A Potent Inhibitor against Amyloid β-Protein Fibrillogenesis

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Significant Upregulation of Alzheimer's β‐Amyloid Levels in a Living System Induced by Extracellular Elastin Polypeptides

Ma, C., Su, J., Sun, Y., Feng, Y., Shen, N., Li, B., Liang, Y., Yang, X., Wu, H., Zhang, H., et al. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201912399 · Cited by 14

Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials: A Promising Way to Manage Neurodegenerative Disorders

Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen‐Thi, P., Nguyen, T. H. A., Ho, T.-T., An, T. N. M., Toi, V. V., & Giau, V. V. (2023) · Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40291-023-00654-1 · Cited by 14

Salvianic borneol ester reduces β-amyloid oligomers and prevents cytotoxicity

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Inhibiting and Remodeling Toxic Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Formation Using a Computationally Designed Drug Molecule That Targets Alzheimer’s Disease

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Reactivity of Flavonoids Containing a Catechol or Pyrogallol Moiety with Metal‐Free and Metal‐Associated Amyloid‐β

Park, S., Yi, Y., & Lim, M. H. (2020) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.1002/bkcs.12172 · Cited by 14

Redox Properties of Small Molecules Essential for Multiple Reactivities with Pathological Factors in Alzheimer's Disease

Kim, M., & Lim, M. H. (2021) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.1002/bkcs.12372 · Cited by 14

HMGCS2-Induced Autophagic Degradation of Tau Involves Ketone Body and ANKRD24

Hu, L.-T., Xie, X.-Y., Zhou, G.-F., Wen, Q.-X., Song, L., Luo, B., Deng, X.-J., Pan, Q.-L., & Chen, G.-J. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220640 · Cited by 14

Inhibition of γ-secretase by the CK1 inhibitor IC261 does not depend on CK1δ

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Stabilizing amyloid-β peptide by the N-terminus capture is capable of preventing and eliminating amyloid-β oligomers

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N -substituted-piperidines as Novel Anti-alzheimer Agents: Synthesis, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking study

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Rational design of photoactivatable metal complexes to target and modulate amyloid-β peptides

Kwak, J., Woo, J., Park, S., & Lim, M. H. (2022) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112053 · Cited by 13

Aerobic exercise attenuates abnormal myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation in 3xTg-AD mice

Qiu, D., Zhou, S., Donnelly, J., Xia, D., & Zhao, L. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112293 · Cited by 14

Drug Repositioning of Pioglitazone in Management and Improving the Cognitive Function among the Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Nanoparticle-based Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Synthesis of Methoxy-X04 Derivatives and Their Evaluation in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

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A fast and specific method to screen for intracellular amyloid inhibitors using bacterial model systems

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Synthetic Dimeric Aβ(28–40) Mimics the Complex Epitope of Human Anti-Aβ Autoantibodies against Toxic Aβ Oligomers

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New Insights Into Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Inhibition: Nanosized Metallo‐Supramolecular Complexes Suppress Aβ‐Induced Biosynthesis of Heme and Iron Uptake in PC12 Cells

Li, M., Zhao, C., Duan, T., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2013) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201300470 · Cited by 13

Neuritogenic activity of bi-functional bis-tryptoline triazole

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Cytokine–Microglia Interactions in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Disease Dynamics, and Therapeutic Strategies

Zhang, F., Yang, W., Sun, R., Duan, X., 杨云华, Wang, A., & Tian, Y. (2025) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1177/15230864251401591 · Cited by 13

Novel D–π-A type near-infrared fluorescent probes for the detection of Aβ 40 aggregates

Lv, G., Xu, Y., Yang, J., Li, W., Li, C., & Sun, A. (2020) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d0an01180k · Cited by 12

Organoplatinum‐Substituted Polyoxometalate Inhibits β‐amyloid Aggregation for Alzheimer's Therapy

Zhao, J. W., Li, K., Wan, K., Sun, T., Zheng, N., Zhu, F., Ma, J., Jiao, J., Li, T., Ni, J., et al. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201910521 · Cited by 12

Synthesis, characterization, and PK/PD studies of a series of spirocyclic pyranochromene BACE1 inhibitors

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Multi‐Frequency, Multi‐Technique Pulsed EPR Investigation of the Copper Binding Site of Murine Amyloid β Peptide

Kim, D., Bang, J. K., & Kim, S. H. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201410389 · Cited by 12

Calprotectin influences the aggregation of metal-free and metal-bound amyloid-β by direct interaction

Lee, H. J., Savelieff, M. G., Kang, J., Brophy, M. B., Nakashige, T. G., Lee, S. J. C., Nolan, E. M., & Lim, M. H. (2018) · Metallomics · doi:10.1039/c8mt00091c · Cited by 12

Design of Gallic Acid–Glutamine Conjugate and Chemical Implications for Its Potency Against Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β Fibrillogenesis

Xu, S., Sun, Y. P., & Dong, X. (2022) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00073 · Cited by 12

Characterization and purification of β−secretase inhibitory peptides fraction from sea cucumber (Holothuria spinifera) enzymatic hydrolysates

Rathnayake, A. U., Abuine, R., Palanisamy, S., Lee, J. K., & Byun, H.-G. (2021) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2021.10.007 · Cited by 11

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as potent GSK-3β inhibitors for treating Alzheimer's disease

Xun, Q., Zhang, J., Li, Y.-P., Li, Y., Ma, Y., Chen, Z., Ding, L.-P., & Shi, X.-L. (2025) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117236 · Cited by 11

Distinct Aggregation Behavior of N-Terminally Truncated Aβ4–42 Over Aβ1–42 in the Presence of Zn(II)

Na, C., Kim, M., Kim, G., Lin, Y., Lee, Y., Bal, W., Nam, E., & Lim, M. H. (2025) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00831 · Cited by 11

Assessment of gene order computing methods for Alzheimer's disease

Hu, B.-Q., Jiang, G., Pang, C.-Y., Wang, S., Liu, Q., Chen, Z., Vanderburg, C. R., Rogers, J. T., Deng, Y., & Huang, X. (2013) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-6-s1-s8 · Cited by 11

Combining conformational sampling and selection to identify the binding mode of zinc-bound amyloid peptides with bifunctional molecules

Xu, L., Gao, K., Bao, C., & Wang, X. (2012) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/s10822-012-9588-4 · Cited by 11

Insights into Mechanism of Aβ42 Fibril Growth on Surface of Graphene Oxides: Oxidative Degree Matters

He, H., Xu, J., Li, C., Gao, T., Jiang, P., Jiang, F., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202100436 · Cited by 11

Extracts of Sideritis scardica and Clinopodium vulgare Alleviate Cognitive Impairments in Scopolamine-Induced Rat Dementia

Lazarova, M. I., Tsvetanova, E. R., Georgieva, A. P., Stefanova, M. O., Uzunova, D. N., Denev, P. N., Vassileva, V., & Tasheva, K. N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031840 · Cited by 11

Scutellaria barbata Leaf Extract Mediated Gold Nanoparticles for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment by Metal-Induced Amyloid β Aggregation Inhibition

Wang, G., Dai, J., & Lu, X. (2019) · Journal of Cluster Science · doi:10.1007/s10876-019-01735-0 · Cited by 11

Effects of Fish Oil Combined with Selenium and Zinc on Learning and Memory Impairment in Aging Mice and Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing

Fu, C.-X., Dai, L., Yuan, X.-Y., & Xu, Y. (2020) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02280-y · Cited by 11

Novel aspects in structure–activity relationships of profiled 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes as inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease-relevant kinases cdk1, cdk5 and gsk3β

Tell, V., Mahmoud, K., Wichapong, K., Schächtele, C., Totzke, F., Sippl, W., & Hilgeroth, A. (2012) · MedChemComm · doi:10.1039/c2md20201h · Cited by 11

QSAR Investigation on Quinolizidinyl Derivatives in Alzheimer’s Disease

Ghasemi, G., Arshadi, S., Rashtehroodi, A. N., Nirouei, M., Shariati, S., & Rastgoo, Z. (2013) · Journal of Computational Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/312728 · Cited by 11

Multitarget-Directed Antioxidants as Therapeutic Agents

Ismaïli, L., Romero, A., Carreiras, M. C., & Marco, J. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101011-2.00002-7 · Cited by 11

Structural alterations in the catalytic core of hSIRT2 enzyme predict therapeutic benefits of Garcinia mangostana derivatives in Alzheimer's disease: molecular dynamics simulation study

Akawa, O. B., Subair, T. I., Soremekun, O. S., Olotu, F. A., & Soliman, M. E. S. (2021) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d0ra10459k · Cited by 11

Enantioselective modulation of amyloid burden and memory deficits by chiral polyoxometalates for Alzheimer's disease treatment

Hu, S., Ning, X., Lv, J., Wei, Y., Zhang, H., & Li, M. C. (2023) · Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d3qi01079a · Cited by 10

Cu(II) nano-MOF catalyzed synthesis of 4H-Chromene derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors

Goswami, S., Datta, B., Das, S., Taran, S., Ghosh, P. P., Dasgupta, S., & Ganguly, S. (2024) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2024.115156 · Cited by 10

Periodontitis and Tooth Loss Are Associated With Higher Risks of Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Umbrella Meta‐Analysis

Qadir, B. H., Mahmood, M. K., Amin, Y., Kurda, H. A., Rasheed, T. A., Noori, A. H., Noori, Z. F., Abdulghafor, M. A., Fadhil, H. N. M., Fatih, M. T., et al. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.70240 · Cited by 10

Dissociation of haemolytic and oligomer-preventing activities of gramicidin S derivatives targeting the amyloid-β N-terminus

Chen, D., Qin, W., Wen, G., Shi, B., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q., Quan, J., Zhou, B., & Bu, X. (2017) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c7cc08180d · Cited by 10

Advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of a Ternary Complex of Copper, Amyloid-β, and a Chemical Regulator

Hong, S., Go, Y. K., Derrick, J. S., Han, S., Kim, J., Lim, M. H., & Kim, S. H. (2018) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01824 · Cited by 10

Introducing Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: Probing the Substrate Selectivity of Acetylcholinesterase

Angelin, M., Larsson, R., Vongvilai, P., & Ramström, O. (2010) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/ed100400v · Cited by 10

The unresolved puzzle why alanine extensions cause disease

Winter, R., Liebold, J., & Schwarz, E. (2013) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0112 · Cited by 10

Bacterial expression, purification, and model membrane reconstitution of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the human APP binding protein LR11/SorLA for NMR studies

Wang, X., Gill, R. L., Zhu, Q., & Tian, F. (2011) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1016/j.pep.2011.02.004 · Cited by 10

Activity-based probes as molecular tools for biomarker discovery

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Design of Peptide Substrate for Sensitively and Specifically Detecting Two Aβ-Degrading Enzymes: Neprilysin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme

Chen, P., Chen, C., Lin, L. T., Lo, C.-H., Hu, C., Chen, R. P. ‐., & Wang, S. S. ‐. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153360 · Cited by 10

Structural and biological evaluation of a platinum complex as a potential anti-neurodegenerative agent

Azam, M., Wabaidur, S. M., Haque, M. N., Khan, Z., Al-Resayes, S. I., Al-Foudhily, K. A., Moon, I. S., Trzęsowska‐Kruszyńska, A., & Kruszyński, R. (2019) · Inorganica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.ica.2019.03.027 · Cited by 10

7-Pyrrolidinethoxy-4′-Methoxyisoflavone Prevents Amyloid β–Induced Injury by Regulating Histamine H3 Receptor-Mediated cAMP/CREB and AKT/GSK3β Pathways

Wang, L., Fang, J., Jiang, H., Wang, Q., Xue, S.-T., Li, Z., & Liu, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00334 · Cited by 10

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of nitrile‐containing compounds: Exploring multiple activities as anti‐Alzheimer agents

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Effects of Sideritis scardica Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice

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Axonal Protection via Modulation of the Amyloidogenic Pathway in Tumor Necrosis Factor–Induced Optic Neuropathy

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Seven-membered rings

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Structural Characteristics of Monomeric Aβ42 on Fibril in the Early Stage of Secondary Nucleation Process

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ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on Semagacestat (LY450139)

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Anatomy and formation mechanisms of early amyloid-β oligomers with lateral branching: graph network analysis on large-scale simulations

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SHMT2 Mediates Small‐Molecule‐Induced Alleviation of Alzheimer Pathology Via the 5′UTR‐dependent ADAM10 Translation Initiation

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Diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease: Light-driven heterogeneous redox processes

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A Brain-Penetrating Foldamer Rescues Aβ Aggregation-Associated Alzheimer’s Disease Phenotypes in In Vivo Models

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The dynamics of Aβ distribution after γ-secretase inhibitor treatment, as determined by experimental and modelling approaches in a wild type rat

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Turning the structure of the Aβ 42 peptide by different functionalized carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics simulation study

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Facile synthesis of EGCG modified Au nanoparticles and their inhibitory effects on amyloid protein aggregation

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Simple approach to the synthesis of novel tricyclic BACE1 inhibitor warhead through β-lactam opening

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N,N′-1,10-Bis(Naringin) Triethylenetetraamine, Synthesis and as a Cu(II) Chelator for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy

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Cucurbit[7]uril Inhibits Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation by Targeting N Terminus Hot Segments and Attenuates Cytotoxicity

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Characterization of the internal dynamics and conformational space of zinc-bound amyloid β peptides by replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations

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Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases

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Identification of N-phenyl-3-methoxy-4-pyridinones as orally bioavailable H3 receptor antagonists and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Thiosemicarbazone Moiety Assist in Interaction of Planar Aromatic Molecules with Amyloid Beta Peptide and Acetylcholinesterase

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Seven-Membered Rings

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Ligand Design to Target and Modulate Metal–Protein Interactions in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on BMS-708163

Hopkins, C. R. (2012) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/cn3000179 · Cited by 8

Die Alzheimer‐Demenz: von der Pathologie zu therapeutischen Ansätzen

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The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of α-, β- and γ-Secretase in Alzheimer's Disease

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Progress towards testing the amyloid hypothesis: inhibitors of APP processing.

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β-Amyloid therapies in Alzheimer’s disease

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Views on Amyloid Hypothesis and Secretase Inhibitors for Treating Alzheimers Disease: Progress and Problems

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