Cooperation between C1q and DNase I in the clearance of necrotic cell–derived chromatin
Abstract
Objective: The efficient uptake of dying cells by phagocytes is essential to the avoidance of chronic inflammation. Some human autoimmune responses are thought to be driven by autoantigens from apoptotic or necrotic cells. We analyzed the role of C1q and DNase I in the disposal of necrotic cell–derived chromatin because deficiencies in these serum factors predispose to the development of systemic autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: Human necrotic peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated in cell culture medium supplemented with various sera or serum components. Chromatin degradation was monitored by measuring the residual DNA content by flow cytometry. The uptake of necrotic cell–derived nuclei was analyzed by in vitro phagocytosis assays. Results: Reconstitution of C1q‐depleted serum with C1q strongly increased its ability to degrade necrotic cell–derived chromatin. Although C1q itself displayed no DNase activity, it strongly augmented the activity of serum DNase I. Whereas an excess of recombinant DNase I degraded chromatin in the absence of C1q, efficient uptake of the predigested material by monocyte‐derived phagocytes required the presence of C1q. These data show that C1q and DNase I cooperate in the degradation of chromatin from necrotic cells. Furthermore, C1q was found to be necessary for effective uptake of degraded chromatin by monocyte‐derived phagocytes. Conclusion: C1q or DNase I deficiencies may precipitate autoimmunity in humans by a mechanism similar to that of other molecules that are involved in the safe, efficient, and rapid disposal of dying cells.
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Mechanical dissociation is faster and less expensive than enzymatic dissociation, but its cell yield and viability can be inconsistent.
“although mechanical dissociation is much faster and less expensive, cell yield and viability can be inconsistent47.”
From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
The composition of the enzymatic cocktail and the efficacy of enzymatic dissociation vary with tissue type.
“The composition of the enzymatic cocktail and efficacy of the enzymatic dissociation process varies with tissue type47”
From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Gaipl, U. S., Beyer, T. D., Heyder, P., Kuenkele, S., Böttcher, A., Voll, R. E., Kalden, J. R., & Herrmann, M.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Venue
- Arthritis & Rheumatism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 640-649
- ISSN
- 0004-3591 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-0131
- OpenAlex
- W2052817130
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Arthritis & Rheumatism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) at the Hospital of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- Staedtler Stiftung
- European Commission
- German Research Society (DFG) (GRK 592)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Keywords
- C1q, DNase I, necrotic cell clearance, chromatin degradation, phagocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmunity, efferocytosis, autoantigens
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Cultured, Chromatin, Deoxyribonuclease I, DNA, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Necrosis, Phagocytosis, Complement C1q, Apoptosis
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