Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to pain and depression
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Objective: This study is an examination of sleep, pain, depression, and physical functioning at baseline and 1‐year followup among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Although it is clear that these symptoms are prevalent among FMS patients and that they are related, the direction of the relationship is unclear. We sought to identify and report sleep problems in this population and to examine their relationship to pain, depression, and physical functioning. Methods: Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia were recruited from a Southern California health maintenance organization and evaluated according to American College of Rheumatology criteria in the research laboratory. Six hundred patients completed the baseline assessment and 492 completed the 1‐year assessment. Measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. Results: The majority of the sample (96% at baseline and 94.7% at 1 year) scored within the range of problem sleepers. Path analyses examined the impact of baseline values on 1‐year values for each of the 4 variables. No variable of interest predicted sleep, sleep predicted pain (β = 0.13), pain predicted physical functioning (β = −0.13), and physical functioning predicted depression (β = −0.10). Conclusion: These findings highlight the high prevalence of sleep problems in this population and suggest that they play a critical role in exacerbating FMS symptoms. Furthermore, they support limited existing findings that sleep predicts subsequent pain in this population, but also extend the literature, suggesting that sleep may be related to depression through pain and physical functioning.
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Sleep quality is predictive of pain as well as broader areas of functioning and emotional well-being such as fatigue, social functioning, and depression.
“Specifically, sleep quality is predictive of pain as well as broader areas of functioning and emotional well-being such as fatigue, social functioning, and depression [7,8].”
From Psychometric properties of a single-item scale to assess sleep quality among individuals with fibromyalgia (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
The observed correlations between Sleep Quality scores and pain (0.58 to 0.64) were large and larger than those reported in previous FM studies (0.32 to 0.33).
“The observed correlations between Sleep Quality scores and pain (0.58 to 0.64) were large and larger than those reported in previous FM studies (0.32 to 0.33) [7,8].”
From Psychometric properties of a single-item scale to assess sleep quality among individuals with fibromyalgia (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Bigatti, S. M., Hernandez, A. M., Cronan, T. A., & Rand, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Venue
- Arthritis Care & Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-06-24
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 961-967
- ISSN
- 0893-7524 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-0123
- PMC
- PMC3691959
- OpenAlex
- W1997598762
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 14.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Arthritis Care & Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AR-44020)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR40423, F31AR008409, AR-08409, AR 44020, R29AR040423)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, sleep disorders, sleep quality, chronic pain, depression, physical function, sleep-pain relationship, symptom exacerbation, longitudinal symptom trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Fibromyalgia, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders
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