Advances in cell‐based biosensors using three‐dimensional cell‐encapsulating hydrogels
Abstract
Cell‐based biosensors (CBBs) have emerged as promising biotechnical tools whereby various cell types can be used as basic sensing units to detect external stimuli. Specifically, CBBs have been applied in environmental monitoring, drug screening, clinical diagnosis and biosecurity. For these applications, CBBs offer several advantages over conventional molecular‐based biosensors or living animal‐based approaches, such as the capability to better mimic physiological situations, to enhance detection specificity and sensitivity, and to detect unknown compounds and toxins. On the other hand, existing CBBs suffer from several limitations, such as weak cell‐substrate attachment, two‐dimensional (2D) cell microenvironment, and limited shelf life. An emerging method for scaffold‐free three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture uses hydrogels to encapsulate cells. Advances in novel biomaterials and nano/microscale technologies have enabled encapsulation of cells in hydrogels to fabricate 3D CBBs, which hold great potential for addressing the limitation in existing 2D CBBs. Here, we present an overview of the emerging hydrogel‐based CBBs, their applications in pathogen/toxin detection, drug screening and screening of cell‐biomaterials interaction, and the associated challenges and potential solutions.
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3D models can better replicate intrinsic physiological conditions and in vivo cellular responses to external stimuli compared to the 2D monolayer.
“Therefore, 3D models can better replicate intrinsic physiological conditions and in vivo cellular responses to external stimuli compared to the 2D monolayer. 77,78,80-82”
From Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
Hydrogel-based 3D cell culture systems can better represent the in vivo distribution of metabolites, nutrients, oxygen, and signaling molecules.
“Many 3D cell culture-based biosensors use the similar design as Figure 5A using natural or synthetic hydrogels to create 3D cell structures, since such systems can better represent the in vivo distribution of metabolites, nutrients, oxygen, and signaling molecules, 80”
From Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
Collagen, collagen-chitosan, Matrigel, fibrinogen matrices, alginate, Puramatrix scaffolds, and polyethylene glycol matrices have been used to fabricate 3D cell culture biosensors using various cell lines for drug screening, toxicology assays, cell-biomaterial interaction screening, and identification of unknown pathogens and toxins.
“Collagen, collagen-chitosan, Matrigel, and fibrinogen matrices, alginate, Puramatrix scaffolds, and polyethylene glycol matrices have been used to fabricate 3D cell culture biosensors using various cell lines for drug screening, toxicology assays, and cell-biomaterial interaction screening, and for the identification of unknown pathogens and toxins. 80,86,87”
From Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
Biomaterial properties can modify cell behavior by influencing cell proliferation, survival, shape, migration, differentiation, as well as gene expression.
“Another application of 3D biosensors is the rapid screening of cellbiomaterial interactions since biomaterial properties can modify cell behavior by influencing cell proliferation, survival, shape, migration, differentiation, as well as gene expression. 80”
From Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
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- Authors
- Zhou, L., Huang, G., Wang, S., Wu, J., Lee, W. G., Chen, Y., Xu, F., & Lu, T.
- Affiliations
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (CN)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Feng
- Lu, Tianjian
- Venue
- Biotechnology Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1466-1476
- ISSN
- 1860-6768 (ISSN-L)
- 1860-7314
- OpenAlex
- W2166569459
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biotechnology Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- cell-based biosensors, 3D cell culture, pathogen detection, toxin detection, drug screening, cell-material interactions, environmental monitoring, diagnosis, biosecurity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biotechnology, Cytological Techniques, Cell Biology, Humans, Biosensing Techniques, Hydrogels, Biomedical Research
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