Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement
Abstract
Background: Prediction models are developed to aid healthcare providers in estimating the probability or risk that a specific disease or condition is present (diagnostic models) or that a specific event will occur in the future (prognostic models), to inform their decision-making. However, the overwhelming evidence shows that the quality of reporting of prediction model studies is poor. Only with full and clear reporting of information on all aspects of a prediction model can risk of bias and potential usefulness of prediction models be adequately assessed. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) Initiative developed a set of recommendations for the reporting of studies developing, validating or updating a prediction model, whether for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. This article describes how the TRIPOD Statement was developed. Methods: An extensive list of items based on a review of the literature was created, which was reduced after a web-based survey and revised during a 3-day meeting in June 2011 with methodologists, healthcare professionals and journal editors. The list was refined during several meetings of the steering group and in e-mail discussions with the wider group of TRIPOD contributors. Results: The resulting TRIPOD Statement is a checklist of 22 items, deemed essential for transparent reporting of a prediction model study. Conclusion: The TRIPOD Statement aims to improve the transparency of the reporting of a prediction model study regardless of the study methods used. The TRIPOD Statement is best used in conjunction with the TRIPOD explanation and elaboration document. A complete checklist is available at http://www.tripod-statement.org.
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The study followed the TRIPOD checklist in this report.
“We followed the TRIPOD checklist in this report.18”
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- Authors
- Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G., & Moons, K. G. M.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- British Journal of Surgery
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-27
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 148-158
- ISSN
- 0007-1323 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2098026442
- Cited by
- 889
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 157 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- British journal of surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (16895, C5529)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10259, NF-SI-0513-10131)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- TRIPOD statement, multivariable prediction models, reporting quality, transparency, prognostic model, diagnostic model, reporting checklist, risk of bias, prediction model validation
- MeSH terms
- Decision Support Techniques, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Publishing, Research Design, Models, Statistical, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Assessment, Consensus, Validation Studies as Topic
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