Cited by 399Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and PrognosisCancer, Lipids, and Metabolism

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Metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma: Two growing epidemics with a potential link

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Siegel, Abby B., Zhu, Andrew X.·2009·Cancer

DOI 10.1002/cncr.24687PMC PMC3397779

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most rapidly increasing cause of cancer death in the United States. Although many risk factors for HCC are well defined, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and alcohol, most series have indicated that 5% to 30% of patients with HCC lack a readily identifiable risk factor for their cancer. The majority of “cryptogenic” HCC in the United States is attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of problems that includes insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Increasingly, components of the metabolic syndrome are being linked to various forms of cancer with respect to both increased risk of disease and worsened outcome. In this review, the authors focused on the relation between metabolic syndrome and HCC. They investigated the increased risks of HCC among individuals with features of metabolic syndrome, potentially worsened cancer outcomes in these patients, possible pathogenic mechanisms to explain these relations, and treatment options for those with NAFLD and its progressive counterpart, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. It is predicted that metabolic syndrome will lead to large increases in the incidence of HCC over the next decades. A better understanding of the relation between these 2 diseases ultimately should lead to improved screening and treatment options for patients with HCC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.

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Authors: Siegel, A. B., & Zhu, A. X.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Siegel, Abby B.
ORCID: Siegel, Abby B.
Zhu, Andrew X.
Venue: Cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-10-15
Volume: 115
Issue: 24
Pages: 5651-5661
ISSN: 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
1097-0142
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24687
PMC: PMC3397779
OpenAlex: W1995501999
Cited by: 399
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 4.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Cancer (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources (K12 RR024157-03, KL2RR024157)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer risk factors, oncological outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms, HCC screening, HCC treatment
MeSH terms: Fatty Liver, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Obesity, Risk Factors, United States, Incidence, Survival Rate, Metabolic Syndrome

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Metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma: Two growing epidemics with a potential link

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