Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions

Schäfer, Pascal M.; Herres‐Pawlis, Sonja

doi:10.1002/cplu.202000252

Cited by 64biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesCarbon dioxide utilization in catalysisOrganometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis

Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions

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Schäfer, Pascal M., Herres‐Pawlis, Sonja·2020·ChemPlusChem

DOI 10.1002/cplu.202000252

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Abstract

The increasing awareness of sustainability has led to enormous growth of the demand for bio‐based and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) (PLA). In industry, polymerization of lactide is currently carried out using tin catalysts (e. g., tin(II) ethyl hexanoate, Sn(Oct) 2 ). Since the catalyst remains in the polymer, it can accumulate in the soil or in the human body after degradation and cause damage due to its toxicity. Therefore, a search for a suitable substitute for this catalyst has been going on for decades. Guanidine metal complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the polymerization of lactide. They are not only convincing because of their activity and the synthesis of high molar mass polymers, but also show a high robustness against high temperatures, oxidation as well as residual protic impurities in the monomer. Herein, key zinc and iron guanidine complexes are discussed with respect to their apparent rate constant ( k app ) and rate constant of propagation ( k p ), produced molar masses and the mechanism involved.

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Iron complexes with N-O donor ligands consisting of guanidines fused with benzoate esters give faster rates than their zinc analogues and catalyse lactide polymerisation at similar or even higher rates than Sn(Oct)2 under industrial conditions.
“Recently, iron complexes with N–O donor ligands consisting of guanidines fused with benzoate esters were demonstrated to give faster rates than their zinc analogues and to catalyse lactide polymerisation at similar or even higher rates than Sn(Oct)2 under industrial conditions.”
From Iron( <scp>ii</scp> ) carboxylates and simple carboxamides: an inexpensive and modular catalyst system for the synthesis of PLLA and PLLA-PCL block copolymers (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
Only a few iron catalysts were demonstrated to give reasonably good activity and control over the molar mass of the obtained polymer.
“Only a few catalysts were demonstrated to give reasonably good activity and control over the molar mass of the obtained polymer.”
From Iron( <scp>ii</scp> ) carboxylates and simple carboxamides: an inexpensive and modular catalyst system for the synthesis of PLLA and PLLA-PCL block copolymers (2023) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors: Schäfer, P. M., & Herres‐Pawlis, S.
Affiliations: RWTH Aachen University (DE)
Corresponding author: Herres‐Pawlis, Sonja
ORCID: Schäfer, Pascal M.
Herres‐Pawlis, Sonja
Venue: ChemPlusChem
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-05
Volume: 85
Issue: 5
Pages: 1044-1052
ISSN: 2192-6506 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000252
OpenAlex: W3022288204
Cited by: 64
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3
FWCI: 0.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 24 d)
Locations: ChemPlusChem (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB985)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Keywords: lactide ring-opening polymerization, polylactic acid, catalyst robustness, apparent rate constant, molecular weight distribution, polymerization mechanism, biodegradable polymers, bio-based polymers

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Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions

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