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Effect of smoking on caffeine clearance
Abstract
The elimination of caffeine from saliva was compared in groups of healthy smokers (n = 13) and nonsmokers (n = 13). Mean caffeine t1/2 in smokers (3.5 hr) was shorter than that in the nonsmokers (6.0 hr). The body clearance of caffeine in the smokers (155 +/- 16 ml . kg-1 . hr-1) was greater than that in the nonsmokers (94 +/- 18 ml . kg-1 . hr-1) (p less than 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the apparent volume of distribution in smokers (720 +/- 67 ml . kg-1) and nonsmokers (610 +/- 80 ml . kg-1). These differences probably reflect the induction of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in smokers. The increased clearance of caffeine by smokers may contribute to the higher consumption of coffee reported to occur in this group.
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“Cigarette smoking doubles the rate of caffeine clearance by increasing liver enzyme activity, which may explain the higher rate of caffeine consumption among smokers (64).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [64]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Parsons, W. D., & Neims, A. H.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1978-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-45
- ISSN
- 0009-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6535
- OpenAlex
- W166333077
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- smoking, caffeine clearance, enzyme induction, volume of distribution, coffee consumption, smokers versus non-smokers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Caffeine, Coffee, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Saliva, Smoking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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