Cited by 157Coffee research and impactsSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

Acute and chronic effects of caffeine on performance, mood, headache, and sleep

James, Jack E.·1998·Neuropsychobiology

Abstract

Despite being the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, there is considerable confusion regarding the effects of caffeine. This study examined objective indices of performance, and self-reported mood, headache, and sleep in 36 healthy male and female habitual caffeine consumers exposed to a pattern of moderate intake. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design with counterbalancing was employed in which all subjects participated in four experimental conditions involving the ingestion of placebo or caffeine 3 times daily for 6 days followed by a 7th (challenge) day of placebo or caffeine ingestion. No evidence was found that caffeine improved performance, either in the context of acute or habitual use. On the contrary, performance was found to be significantly impaired when caffeine was withdrawn abruptly following habitual use. Participants reported feeling more alert and less tired following acute ingestion of caffeine, but feeling less alert in conjunction with chronic exposure to the drug. In addition, caffeine withdrawal was associated with reported increases in frequency and severity of headache, and with reports of sleeping longer and more soundly.

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Crossref · 10.1159/000026514

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46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • There were insufficient data to determine whether the effect of caffeine was altered with repeated exposure.

    “Given the limited number of studies [32,37,40,46,52] in which caffeine was administered over several days, there were insuf fi cient data to determine whether the effect of caffeine was altered with repeated exposure.”
  • The impact of caffeine on performance appears to be greater under conditions that would negatively impact performance, such as acute caffeine withdrawal or sleep deprivation.

    “The impact of caffeine appears to be greater under conditions that would negatively impact performance, such as acute caffeine withdrawal (74–76) or sleep deprivation (71, 77).”

    From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [74]

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Authors
James, J. E.
Affiliations
La Trobe University (AU)
Corresponding author
James, Jack E.
Venue
Neuropsychobiology
Publisher
S. Karger AG
Published
1998
Volume
38
Issue
1
Pages
32-41
ISSN
  • 0302-282X (ISSN-L)
  • 1423-0224
OpenAlex
W2068463957
Cited by
157
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuropsychobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
caffeine, acute caffeine ingestion, cognitive performance, mood, alertness, fatigue, caffeine withdrawal, headache, sleep, sleep quality
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Caffeine, Chronic Disease, Female, Headache, Humans, Male, Memory, Models, Psychological, Psychomotor Performance, Reference Values, Saliva, Sleep, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Chi-Square Distribution, Sex Distribution, Cross-Over Studies

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