The role of values-consistent behavior in generalized anxiety disorder.
Open accessAbstract
Background: Theory and research suggest that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with diminished quality of life and restriction in valued action. The purpose of this study was to examine the relevance of values-consistent behavior (valued action) in understanding the impairment in quality of life in GAD.Method: Treatment-seeking clients with a principal diagnosis of GAD (n = 30) were compared with demographically matched nonanxious controls (n = 30) using self-report measures.Results: Participants with GAD reported significantly less valued action compared with controls, and within the GAD group, diminished valued action was not fully explained by depression comorbidity. Valued action was significantly correlated with measures of experiential avoidance, distress about emotions, and quality of life. Further, consistent with a theoretical model of GAD, restrictions in valued action contributed unique variance to diminished quality of life over and above the contributions of gender, GAD severity, experiential avoidance, distress about emotions, and depression comorbidity. Finally, an acceptance-based behavioral therapy significantly improved self-reports of valued action for GAD clients with 40% achieving clinically significant change in this domain.Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary support for the relevance of valued action in understanding the functional impairment associated with GAD, and the beneficial effects of an acceptance-based behavior therapy in increasing valued action.
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4 of 28 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged
- Premisecitation
Preliminary studies support ABBT's potential efficacy.
“Although preliminary studies support the potential efficacy of ABBT,[23, 24] research aimed at investigating each component of the model is needed to inform future treatment development and refinement.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
GAD is associated with diminished quality of life.
“These findings contribute to the literature demonstrating the significant impairments in quality of life reported by those with GAD.[9, 11, 12,14, 42]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked - Findingown data
Forty percent of GAD participants (n=12) achieved clinically significant change on the VLQ.
“40 percent of the participants (n = 12) achieved clinically significant change, or can be considered recovered and within the distribution of the non-GAD group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In a replication that controlled for depression comorbidity, valued action explained an additional 7% of the variance in quality of life beyond gender, GAD severity, depression comorbidity, distress about emotions, and experiential avoidance.
“valued action contributed 7% of the variance over and above the shared variance of gender, GAD severity, depression comorbidity, distress about emotions, and experiential avoidance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In that regression, depression comorbidity did not significantly predict quality of life.
“comorbidity status was not a significant predictor (β = −.16, r2 = −.14)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data
Among GAD participants, women had a higher average VLQ score than men.
“In the clinical group, women had a higher mean VLQ score than men [t(28) = −3.0, p=.006].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
After controlling for gender, valued action was not significantly related to worry severity.
“only its relationship to experiential avoidance and quality of life reached statistical significance when controlling for gender.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Within the GAD group, those with comorbid depression had lower average valued action than those without comorbid depression.
“Overall, individuals in the GAD group with comorbid depression (M=37.64, SD=14.56) reported less engagement with values compared to individuals without comorbid depression (M=46.72, SD=13.43).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In the GAD group, comorbid mood disorder was not significantly related to valued action after adjusting for gender.
“significant main effects emerged for gender [F(1, 26)=10.52, p=.003, η2p = .29] with a very large effect, but not for comorbid mood disorder [F(1, 26)=1.68, p=.21, η2p = .06]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
ABBT led to a significant increase in valued action from pre- to post-treatment among GAD clients.
“there was a significant main effect of time on the VLQ composite score [Wilks’ ∧=.65, F(1,28)=14.77, p=.001] from pre-(M= 43.39, SD=14.31) to post-treatment(M=53.75, SD=14.98), with a large effect (η2p=.35).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
People with GAD reported living less consistently with their values than non-anxious controls.
“Individuals diagnosed with GAD (M=43.39, SD=14.31) reported living significantly less consistently with their values compared to individuals in the non-anxious group (M =61.89, SD=15.35).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In the non-GAD group, valued action did not differ significantly by gender.
“However, there were no significant differences in valued action in the non-GAD group [t(28) = .21, p=.84].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
After ABBT, GAD clients still reported less valued action than non-GAD participants.
“clients continued to report less valued action than those without GAD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Valued action showed a significant negative correlation with experiential avoidance.
“Valued action was significantly positively correlated with quality of life and significantly negatively correlated with experiential avoidance and distress about emotions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There was no significant group difference in how important valued domains were rated.
“there was no significant main effect of group on differences in importance ratings of value domains [F(1,34)=.10, p=.76, η2p=.003]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Valued action explained an additional 5.1% of the variance in quality of life beyond gender, GAD severity, distress about emotions, and experiential avoidance.
“valued action contributing 5.1% of the variance over and above the shared variance of gender, GAD severity, distress about emotions, and experiential avoidance (see Table 4).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Valued action showed a significant positive correlation with quality of life.
“Valued action was significantly positively correlated with quality of life”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Experiential avoidance may narrow behavior, as people focus on avoiding uncomfortable internal sensations instead of pursuing valued activities.
“Further, experiential avoidance may lead to a restriction in behavior as individuals become focused on avoiding events and situations that elicit uncomfortable internal sensations rather than pursuing activities consistent with personal values.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Interpretationown data
Comorbid depression may further impair valued action in GAD.
“suggesting that comorbid depression may further impair valued action.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Using worry to distract from more distressing topics separates GAD from sub-clinical cases.
“Further, the use of worry to distract oneself from more distressing topics distinguishes those with GAD from sub-clinical cases.[27, 28]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
GAD is more impairing than other anxiety disorders and substance-use disorders as measured by quality of life.
“A review of 34 studies[9] found GAD to be more impairing than other anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and simple phobia), and substance-use disorders as measured by the quality of life assessment on the Medical Outcomes Study.[10]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Experiential avoidance paradoxically makes distressing experiences more intense and frequent.
“Unfortunately, experiential avoidance paradoxically increases the intensity and frequency of distressing experiences.[17]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [17] source
- Premisecitation
Basic research supports the idea that worry can serve as experiential avoidance.
“Basic research supports the notion that worry may serve as a strategy of experiential avoidance.[25]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
The findings support the GAD theoretical model advanced by Roemer and Orsillo.
“These findings directly lend support to the theoretical model of GAD proposed by Roemer and Orsillo,[15, 39] which suggests that the life impairment in GAD may be partially explained by individuals seeing their internal experiences as distressing, leading to experiential avoidance and a restriction in pursuing activities consistent with personal values.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [15] source
- cites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Worrying before imagining a feared event reduces short-term physiological reactivity.
“For example, worrying prior to imagining a feared event attenuates short-term physiological reactivity.[26]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] source
- Interpretationown data
The results further support ABBT's efficacy for GAD.
“our results provide further support for the efficacy of an ABBT for GAD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
The study design prevents conclusions about the sequence or temporal order of pre- to post-treatment quality-of-life improvements.
“the study design precludes any assumptions regarding the sequencing and temporal ordering of pre- to post-treatment improvements in quality of life”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
The small sample and correlational design prevent causal conclusions from the findings.
“the small sample size and correlational design of the study precludes drawing causal implications from the findings”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductnone given
The sample's limited racial and ethnic diversity restricts the findings' generalizability.
“the limited racial/ethnic diversity in the sample restricts the generalizability of the findings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
Without a clinical comparison group, the findings' implications are limited.
“The absence of a clinical comparison group also limits the implications of the findings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductcitation
No evidence shows that deficits in valued living are specific to GAD.
“There is no evidence that deficits in valued living are specific to GAD; they have been proposed to be associated with a number of clinical presentations.[18]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
The link between valued action and quality of life is not solely explained by shared variance with comorbid depression.
“engagement in valued action still demonstrated a unique relationship with quality of life, suggesting that the relationship between valued action and quality of life is not solely due to their shared variance with comorbid depression.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 8
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 4
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPeople with GAD report lower life satisfaction than non-anxious controls, with particular deficits in areas such as self-esteem, values, finances, work, recreation, learning, creativity, social relationships, and family.
“Individuals with GAD report significantly less satisfaction with their quality of life relative to non-anxious controls[11] particularly in the domains of self-esteem, goals and values, money, work, play, learning, creativity, friends and relatives.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [11] source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationTreatment-seeking GAD patients report greater distress about emotions, emotion regulation difficulties, experiential avoidance, and lower mindfulness than people without GAD.
“Further, treatment-seeking patients with GAD report significantly more distress about emotions,[29, 31] difficulties with emotion regulation,[16, 29] and experiential avoidance,[31] as well as diminished levels of mindfulness[16] than do individuals without GAD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataWithin the GAD group, men reported more impaired valued action and quality of life, and more distress about emotions and worry severity, than women.
“In the GAD group, men reported more impairment in valued action and quality of life, and greater distress about emotions and worry severity compared with women (see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataValued action was negatively correlated with distress about emotions, but this association weakened when gender was controlled.
“However, the relationship between valued action and distress about emotions was attenuated when controlling for gender (see Table 3).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationDistress about emotions, emotion regulation difficulties, and experiential avoidance each contribute unique variance to GAD severity.
“For example, distress about emotions, particularly anxiety and depression,[29, 30] difficulties with emotion regulation,[29] and experiential avoidance[30] have been shown to contribute unique variance to GAD severity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAnxiety severity is significantly associated with health-related quality of life in a primary care GAD sample.
“Finally, a significant association was found between anxiety severity and health related quality of life in a primary care sample of GAD patients.[14]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [14] source
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationRoemer and Orsillo advanced a three-part GAD model that could account for the life dissatisfaction and impairment linked to the disorder.
“Roemer and Orsillo[15, 16] propose a three-part model of GAD that may explain the life dissatisfaction and impairment associated with this disorder.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationPeople with GAD relate to their internal experiences in a way described as fused, critical, and judgmental.
“The first part of the theory (drawing from a larger theory of psychopathology proposed by Hayes and colleagues [17]) asserts that individuals with GAD have a particular relationship with their internal experiences that is characterized as “fused, critical, and judgmental”.[18]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [18] source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationIn one treatment-seeking GAD sample, 95% scored below community norms on the Q-LES-Q-SF.
“Pollack and colleagues[12] found that 95% of a treatment-seeking sample of individuals with GAD scored below community-based norms on the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF[13]).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [12] source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningMen who seek GAD treatment may have more severe symptoms and greater life interference.
“It may be that men who do seek treatment for their GAD are those who have experienced more intense symptoms and greater life interference.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe study gives preliminary partial support for the theory that GAD's impaired quality of life partly stems from reduced valued activity, possibly driven by a judgmental stance toward internal events and experiential avoidance, and that ABBT can increase values-consistent behavior.
“In summary, the current study provides preliminary partial support for the theory that the impaired quality of life characteristic of GAD is at least in part a product of diminished valued activity that may be driven by a judgmental stance towards internal events and experiential avoidance and that an acceptance-based behavioral therapy can increase values-consistent behavior.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductreasoningUsing self-report methods may limit measure validity and raise response-bias concerns.
“Reliance on self-report methodology to assess values-consistent behavior, experiential avoidance, distress about emotions, worry severity, and quality of life potentially limits the validity of the measures and raises concerns about response bias.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
The authors state this as an assumption.
Values articulation and the intrinsic reinforcement from valued action motivate clients to do painful therapy work.
“Values articulation and the intrinsically reinforcing properties of valued action are assumed to motivate clients to engage in often painful and difficult work of therapy.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
People with generalized anxiety disorder are less likely to consistently engage in behaviors that are important to them.
“Individuals with GAD are less likely to consistently engage in behaviors that are important to them (i.e., valued actions) and as a result experience a diminished quality of life (Michelson, Lee, Orsillo, & Roemer, 2011).”
From A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Michelson et al., 2011
The Discussion reports that participants with GAD were less likely than matched non-anxious participants to describe themselves as living consistently with their values. It also links valued action to quality of life, but calls the proposed causal explanation—that diminished valued activity produces impaired quality of life—preliminary and only partially supported. The citing sentence presents that explanation as established fact. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious studies have indicated that valued living can improve following Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in non-acquired-brain-injury populations.
“Previous studies have indicated that valued living can improve following ACT in non-ABI populations (Michelson et al., 2011;Wersebe et al., 2017).”
From A single-case experimental evaluation of a new group-based intervention to enhance adjustment to life with acquired brain injury: VaLiANT (valued living after neurological trauma) (2022) · cites this paper as Michelson et al., 2011
The Results report improved valued action after treatment in clients with generalized anxiety disorder, a non-ABI population. But the Method (Procedure) identifies the treatment as acceptance-based behavioral therapy (ABBT), not Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), so this paper does not establish the ACT-specific part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe VLQ has been used to measure valued living in a range of clinical populations including anxiety, chronic pain, depression and TBI.
“The VLQ has been used to measure valued living in a range of clinical populations including anxiety, chronic pain, depression and TBI.66 67”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy for mild traumatic brain injury (ACTion-mTBI): a quasiexperimental feasibility study (2025) · cites this paper as [67]
The Method > Measures section describes the VLQ as a measure of valued living, and the Results > The Relevance of Valued Action in GAD section uses it with people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, including some with comorbid mood disorders. These passages do not establish its use in chronic pain or TBI populations, or in a separate depression population. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInterventions focused on the work of personal values demonstrated improved quality of life.
“and quality of life (McCracken, 2013; Michelson et al., 2011).”
From Psychological variables implied in the therapeutic effect of ayahuasca: A contextual approach (2018) · cites this paper as Michelson et al., 2011
The Discussion (page unavailable) refers to pre- to post-treatment improvements in quality of life and reports that treated participants with GAD increased their values-consistent behavior. It also says the study cannot establish whether valued action led to the quality-of-life improvement; symptom reduction could have led to both. The source therefore supports improvement during treatment, but not the implication that work on personal values produced it. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople with generalized anxiety disorder experience diminished quality of life.
“Individuals with GAD are less likely to consistently engage in behaviors that are important to them (i.e., valued actions) and as a result experience a diminished quality of life (Michelson, Lee, Orsillo, & Roemer, 2011).”
From A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Michelson et al., 2011
Clients receiving ABBT report significant increases in values-consistent behavior.
“Clients receiving ABBT report significant decreases in experiential avoidance (Roemer et al., 2008), distress about emotional responses, and intolerance of uncertainty (Treanor, Erisman, Salters-Pedneault, Orsillo, & Roemer, 2011) and significant increases in values-consistent behavior (Michelson et al., 2011).”
From A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Michelson et al., 2011
Worry results in increased threat conditionability, greater stimulus generalization, and diminished ability to discriminate stimuli and learning contingencies, and GAD is associated with restrictions in valued actions and goals.
“worry results in increased threat conditionability, greater stimulus generalization, and diminished ability to discriminate stimuli and learning contingencies37–39 and GAD is associated with restrictions in valued actions and goals40.”
From AN OPEN TRIAL OF EMOTION REGULATION THERAPY FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND COOCCURRING DEPRESSION. (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
Individuals with GAD report less engagement in meaningful activities than individuals without GAD.
“less engagement in meaningful activities (Michelson, Lee, Orsillo, & Roemer, 2011) than those without a diagnosis of GAD.”
From Decentering as a potential common mechanism across two therapies for generalized anxiety disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Michelson, Lee, Orsillo, & Roemer, 2011
GAD is associated with restrictions in valued actions and goals.
“Finally, GAD is associated with restrictions in valued actions and goals (Michelson et al., 2011).”
From Emotion Regulation Therapy: A Mechanism-Targeted Treatment for Disorders of Distress (2017) · cites this paper as Michelson et al., 2011
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Not confirmedF(1, 56) = 4.21reported p = .05 · recomputed p = .045
“F (1, 56)=4.21, p = .05”
- ConsistentF(1, 34) = 0.1reported p = .76 · recomputed p = .754
“F(1,34)=.10, p = .76”
- ConsistentF(1, 56) = 12.32reported p = .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(1, 56)=12.32, p = .001”
- Consistentt(28) = -3reported p = .006 · recomputed p = .006
“t(28) = −3.0, p = .006”
- Consistentt(28) = 0.21reported p = .84 · recomputed p = .835
“t(28) = .21, p = .84”
- ConsistentF(1, 26) = 10.52reported p = .003 · recomputed p = .003
“F(1, 26)=10.52, p = .003”
- ConsistentF(1, 26) = 1.68reported p = .21 · recomputed p = .206
“F(1, 26)=1.68, p = .21”
- ConsistentF(1, 28) = 0.32reported p = .58 · recomputed p = .576
“F (1,28)=.32, p = .58”
- ConsistentF(1, 28) = 14.77reported p = .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(1,28)=14.77, p = .001”
- ConsistentF(1, 56) = 4.55reported p = .04 · recomputed p = .037
“F (1,56)=4.55, p = .04”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The AAQ minimum score is too low for nine items
MinorThe paper says the AAQ total sums nine responses, each scored at least 1. Its minimum possible total is therefore 9, not 7.
Reported 7 · recomputed 9
“Scores range from 7 to 63 with higher scores corresponding to greater levels of experiential avoidance, or an unwillingness to experience painful feelings and thoughts, and lower scores reflecting acceptance and action. A total score is calculated by summing all 9 responses.”
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Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012720 · Cited by 502 · cited 14× · see citing works
“[23,24] Inclusion criteria for the clinical group included: (a) receiving a principal diagnosis of GAD; (b) receiving a clinician determined Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L[32]) severity rating of at least 4 (on an eight-point scale)1; (c) absence of current suicidal intent;…”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationBorkovec, T. D., & Roemer, L. (1995) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)00064-s · Cited by 469 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[26] Further, the use of worry to distract oneself from more distressing topics distinguishes those with GAD from sub-clinical cases.[27,28] Additionally, recent studies demonstrate that individuals with GAD struggle with their internal experiences (thoughts, emotions, physical sensations).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHuman and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder
Hoffman, D. L., Dukes, E. M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20257 · Cited by 438 · cited 13× · see citing works
“[23,24] Inclusion criteria for the clinical group included: (a) receiving a principal diagnosis of GAD; (b) receiving a clinician determined Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L[32]) severity rating of at least 4 (on an eight-point scale)1; (c) absence of current suicidal intent;…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRoemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.04.001 · Cited by 392 · cited 7× · see citing works
“[14] Roemer and Orsillo[15,16] propose a three-part model of GAD that may explain the life dissatisfaction and impairment associated with this disorder.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationThe effect of worry on cardiovascular response to phobic imagery
Borkovec, T. D., & Hu, S. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90056-o · Cited by 386 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[25] For example, worrying before imagining a feared event attenuates short-term physiological reactivity.[26] Further, the use of worry to distract oneself from more distressing topics distinguishes those with GAD from sub-clinical cases.”
BackgroundFear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model
Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S. D., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-1650-2 · Cited by 344 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, distress about emotions, particularly anxiety and depression,[29,30] difficulties with emotion regulation,[29] and experiential avoidance[30] have been shown to contribute unique variance to GAD severity.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe epidemiology of generalized anxiety disorder
Kessler, R. C., Keller, M. B., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2001) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70204-5 · Cited by 337 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It affects approximately 4–7% of the population,[2] although significantly higher rates (up to 40%) are found in primary care settings.”
BackgroundAn Open Trial of an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.04.004 · Cited by 282 · cited 14× · see citing works
“[23,24] Inclusion criteria for the clinical group included: (a) receiving a principal diagnosis of GAD; (b) receiving a clinician determined Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L[32]) severity rating of at least 4 (on an eight-point scale)1; (c) absence of current suicidal intent;…”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationAre emotions frightening? An extension of the fear of fear construct
Williams, K. E., Chambless, D. L., & Ahrens, A. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00098-8 · Cited by 275 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Affective Control Scale (ACS[35]): The ACS is a 42-item self-report measure that assesses distress about and fear of losing control while experiencing strong affective states such as anxiety, depression, anger, and positive affective states.”
BackgroundPrevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use Disorders in an Urban General Medicine Practice
Olfson, M. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.9.876 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Vesga-López, O., Schneier, F., Wang, S., Heimberg, R., Liu, S.-M., Hasin, D., & Blanco, C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n1011 · Cited by 253 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Rates of treatment seeking are particularly low in men with GAD according to a national epidemiologic survey.[46] It may be that men who do seek treatment for their GAD are those who have experienced more intense symptoms and greater life interference.”
Background(2009) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Quality of Life Therapy and Assessment in Health Care
Frisch, M. B. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00132.x · Cited by 223 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Quality of life is theorized to represent one’s subjective sense of personal satisfaction with life[21] or the degree of ‘‘goodness’’ or ‘‘excellence’’ in aspects of life that exist beyond the level of basic needs.[22] In contrast, valued living represents the degree to which one engages in behaviors that are consiste…”
BackgroundVesga-López, O., Schneier, F. R., Wang, S., Heimberg, R. G., Liu, S.-M., Hasin, D. S., & Blanco, C. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Impairment and quality of life in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder
Henning, E. R., Turk, C. L., Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20249 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
(2004) · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Quality of life in geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary investigation
Loebach Wetherell, J., Thorp, S. R., Patterson, T. L., Golshan, S., Jeste, D. V., & Gatz, M. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2003.09.003 · Cited by 170 · cited 12× · see citing works
“[23,24] Inclusion criteria for the clinical group included: (a) receiving a principal diagnosis of GAD; (b) receiving a clinician determined Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L[32]) severity rating of at least 4 (on an eight-point scale)1; (c) absence of current suicidal intent;…”
ResultInfluential(2008) · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationHayes, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.006 · Cited by 129 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The first part of the theory (drawing from a larger theory of psychopathology proposed by Hayes et al.[17]) asserts that individuals with GAD have a particular relationship with their internal experiences that is characterized as ‘‘fused, critical, and judgmental.’’”
BackgroundSelf-citationLee, J. K., Orsillo, S. M., Roemer, L., & Allen, L. B. (2010) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902966918 · Cited by 124 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Further, treatment-seeking patients with GAD report significantly more distress about emotions,[29,31] difficulties with emotion regulation,[16,29] and experiential avoidance,[31] as well as diminished levels of mindfulness[16] than do individuals without GAD.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMindfulness- and acceptance-based behavioral therapies in practice
Martin, M. (2010) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069880903403712 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
When ambiguity hurts: Social standards moderate self-appraisals in generalized social phobia
Moscovitch, D. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Revicki, D. A., Brandenburg, N., Matza, L., Hornbrook, M. C., & Feeny, D. (2008) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-008-9406-6 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[14]”
Long-term follow-up of generalized anxiety disorder
Mancuso, D. M., Townsend, M. H., & Mercante, D. E. (1993) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(93)90072-c · Cited by 55 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[3] GAD has a chronic course,[4] and is frequently comorbid with other mood and anxiety disorders.”
BackgroundPollack, M. H., Endicott, J., Liebowitz, M., Russell, J., Detke, M., Spann, M., Ball, S., & Swindle, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.11.006 · Cited by 35 · cited 13× · see citing works
“[23,24] Inclusion criteria for the clinical group included: (a) receiving a principal diagnosis of GAD; (b) receiving a clinician determined Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L[32]) severity rating of at least 4 (on an eight-point scale)1; (c) absence of current suicidal intent;…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAcceptance and Commitment Therapy
Hayes, S. C., & Pierson, H. (2006) · Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/0-306-48581-8_1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Yadavia, 2009, Values in acceptance and commitment therapy. a comparison with four other approaches, Hellenic J Psychol, 6, 244
- Borkovec, 2004, Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice, 77
- Di Nardo, 1994, Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime version
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A functional approach to understanding and treating military-related moral injury
Farnsworth, J. K., Drescher, K. D., Evans, W., & Walser, R. D. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.07.003 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032871 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“…ABBT report significant decreases in experiential avoidance (Roemer et al., 2008), distress about emotional responses, and intolerance of uncertainty (Treanor, Erisman, Salters-Pedneault, Roemer, & Orsillo, 2011) and significant increases in values-consistent behavior (Michelson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEmotion Regulation Therapy: A Mechanism-Targeted Treatment for Disorders of Distress
Renna, M. E., Quintero, J. M., Fresco, D. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00098 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Finally, GAD is associated with restrictions in valued actions and goals (Michelson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultMennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., Ritter, M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22377 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Fresco, D. M., Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Ritter, M. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.02.001 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Mallard, T. T., & Schumann, M. (2014) · Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000022 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Gloster, A. T., Klotsche, J., Ciarrochi, J., Eifert, G., Sonntag, R., Wittchen, H.-U., & Hoyer, J. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.013 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Decentering as a potential common mechanism across two therapies for generalized anxiety disorder
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Calloway, A., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038305 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Danitz, S. B., & Orsillo, S. M. (2014) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445513520218 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationChristie, A. M., Atkins, P. W. B., & Donald, J. N. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0606-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Values-based action has been associated with lower psychological distress (Wilson et al. 2010), depression (Plumb et al. 2009), and anxiety (Emmons 1986) and greater quality of life (Michelson et al. 2011).”
BackgroundPsychological variables implied in the therapeutic effect of ayahuasca: A contextual approach
Franquesa, A., Sainz-Cort, A., Gandy, S., Soler, J., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. Á., & Bouso, J. C. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.012 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Flückiger, C., Forrer, L., Schnider, B., Bättig, I., Bodenmann, G., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2015) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.049 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…may lead to a restriction in proactive behaviors as the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). individuals become focused on avoiding events and situations rather than pursuing activities that are consistent with their personal values (Michelson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdvancing emotion regulation perspectives on psychopathology: the challenge of distress disorders
Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.969624 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders.
Roemer, L., Williston, S. K., Eustis, E. H., & Orsillo, S. M. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0410-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationCourage, self-compassion, and values in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Wetterneck, C. T., Lee, E. B., Smith, A. H., & Hart, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.09.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Changes of valued behaviors and functioning during an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention
Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Hoyer, J., Wittchen, H.-U., & Gloster, A. T. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Franquesa, A., Cebolla, A., García‐Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., Elices, M., Pascual, J. C., & Soler, J. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0702-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…interventions improve several aspects related to well-being, including pain tolerance (Branstetter-Rost et al. 2009), stress response (Crocker et al. 2008; Gregg et al. 2014), and quality of life and physical and emotional functioning (McCracken 2013; Michelson et al. 2011; Vowles et al. 2011).”
BackgroundBüttner, C. M., Gloster, A. T., & Greifeneder, R. (2021) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/20501579211059914 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“While leading life in accordance with one’s values is a powerful psychological treatment (e.g., Gloster et al., 2017), leading a life that contradicts one’s values may foster psychopathological symptoms (e.g., Michelson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDonahue, J. J., Khan's, H., Huggins, J., & Marrow, T. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.01.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Studies suggest the measure possesses good test-retest validity, adequate convergent and discriminant validity (Wilson et al., 2010), and sensitivity to treatment-related change (Michelson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundFishbein, J. N., Judd, C. M., Genung, S., Stanton, A. L., & Arch, J. J. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104103 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Finkelstein-Fox, L., Pavlacic, J. M., Buchanan, E. M., Schulenberg, S. E., & Park, C. L. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10062-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
An Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy for Individuals With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.02.005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationSathananthan, N., Dimech-Betancourt, B., Morris, E., Vicendese, D., Knox, L., Gillanders, D., Das Nair, R., & Wong, D. (2022) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2021.1971094 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Previous studies have indicated that valued living can improve following ACT in non-ABI populations (Michelson et al., 2011; Wersebe et al., 2017).”
BackgroundRole of valued living and associations with functional outcome following traumatic brain injury
Pais (Hons.), C., Ponsford, J. L., Gould (Clin. Neuro), K. R., & Wong, D. (2019) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2017.1313745 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“The VLQ has also been used to track progress in psychotherapy in clinical populations with chronic pain (Branstetter-Rost, Cushing, & Douleh, 2009; McCracken & Yang, 2006), social anxiety (Dalrymple & Herbert, 2007; Ossman, Wilson, Storaasli, & McNeill, 2006) and generalised anxiety disorder (Hayes, Orsillo, & Roemer,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAbiogu, G. C., Ede, M. O., Agah, J. J., Ebeh, J. J., Ejionueme, L. K., Asogwa, E. T., Ekwueme, F. O., Agu, P. U., Nwafor, B. N., Omeke, F. C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-021-00389-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Roemer, L., Fuchs, C., & Orsillo, S. M. (2014) · Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416031-6.00005-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationVanBuskirk, K. A., West, L., Malcarne, V. L., Afari, N., Liu, L., Petkus, A. J., & Wetherell, J. L. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9405-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The VLQ was developed to be a tool for clinicians in the administration of ACT (Wilson and Murrell 2004) and more recently has been used to measure valued living in generalized anxiety disorder (Michelson et al. 2011).”
MethodRinaldi, S., Vecchiato, Mannu, P., Castagna, A., Fontani, V., & Rinaldi, S. (2011) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s23420 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mak, W. W. S., Chio, F. H. N., Chong, K. S. C., & Law, R. W. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01568-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flückiger, C., Zinbarg, R. E., Znoj, H., & Ackert, M. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0034119 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Because patients with GAD might show a restriction in proactive behaviors as the individuals become focused on avoiding events, we expect that patients with GAD might have a reduced focus on their own (valued) resources during sessions (Michelson et al., 2011; Roemer & Orsillo, 2002).”
BackgroundExploring DBT skills training as a treatment avenue for generalized anxiety disorder
Malivoire, B. L. (2020) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12339 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Trindade, I. A., Marta‐Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2018) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2125 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The role of value importance and success in understanding suicidal ideation among Veterans
Bahraini, N. H., Devore, M. D., Monteith, L. L., Forster, J. E., Bensen, S., & Brenner, L. A. (2013) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ruiz, F. J., Suárez‐Falcón, J. C., Segura‐Vargas, M. A., & Gil‐Luciano, B. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23212 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Moore, H. L., Cassidy, S., & Rodgers, J. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3073 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Authenticity in our everyday actions is important for wellbeing at work, home and on social media (Bailey et al., 2020; Sutton, 2020; van den Bosch & Taris, 2014), and values-consistent behaviour is related to quality of life in individuals with generalised anxiety disorder (Michelson et al., 2011).”
Grumet, R., & Fitzpatrick, M. (2016) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0039633 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Self-citationCooper, S. E., Miranda, R., & Mennin, D. S. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.033512 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Effect of Values Affirmation on Psychological Stress
Czech, S. J., Katz, A. M., & Orsillo, S. M. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.585347 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationJo, D., Yang, Y., & Yang, E. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10534-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“These components might adequately capture how individuals engage with their values and act meaningfully, thereby influencing their men - tal health considerably (Michelson et al., 2011; Østergaard et al., 2020).”
Advances in psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder.
Garfinkle, E. J., & Behar, E. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0263-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy compared to CBT+: Preliminary results
Pleger, M., Treppner, K., Diefenbacher, A., Schade, C., Dambacher, C., & Fydrich, T. (2018) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2018.03.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Smyth, A. P. J., Juneau, C., Hong, S., Ilagan, M. J., & Knaüper, B. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02338-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Clinical research has suggested that values obstruction contributes to psychopathology and is a common characteristic among individuals who seek treatment (e.g. Gloster et al., 2017; Michelson et al., 2011).”
Flückiger, C., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61814-1_23 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flückiger, C., Wolfer, C., Held, J., Hilpert, P., Rubel, J. A., Allemand, M., Zinbarg, R. E., & Vîslă, A. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1666-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“[25]), which might impact the content of psychotherapy sessions [26].”
BackgroundStevens, E. S., Jendrusina, A. A., Sarapas, C., & Behar, E. (2014) · The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1002/9781118775349.ch21 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Shame, Self-Compassion, and Valued Living Among Survivors of Interpersonal Violence
Cabrera, K. B., Benz, M. B., Kline, N. K., & Reed, K. M. P. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01676-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Miller, A. N., & Orsillo, S. M. (2020) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2020.1845618 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Research has documented an association between overall (not career-specific) values consistency, or ways of living in accordance with what is personally meaningful, and psychosocial well-being (e.g., Hayes et al., 2010; Levin et al., 2012; Michelson et al., 2011; Vowles et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSerowik, K. L., Roemer, L., Suvak, M., Liverant, G., & Orsillo, S. M. (2020) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2020.1765858 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationArauz, J., Danitz, S. B., Orsillo, S. M., & Coyne, L. W. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.05.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationFaulkner, J., Prouty, D., Devlin, L., Appleton, D., Roche, M., Below, K., Moffat, J., Snell, D., Williams, M. N., Barker-Collo, S., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089727 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cognitive‐Behavioral Models of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Koerner, N., McEvoy, P. M., & Tallon, K. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119189909.ch7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flückiger, C. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-49 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Finally, experiential avoidance may lead to a restriction in proactive behaviours as individuals become focused on avoiding events and situations rather than pursuing activities that are consistent with their personal values [13,14], which may be related to the hypersensitivity of the Behavioural Inhibition System see…”
BackgroundWong, D. K., Miller, H. L., Lawson, D. W., Borschmann, K., Armstrong, A., Sathananthan, N., Kamberis, N., Skaliotis, J., & Power, E. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2315510 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Acceptance-based behavioral therapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2020) · Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worrying · doi:10.1002/9781119189909.ch12 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCarpenter, T., Stebbins, O. L., Fraga, K. J., & Erickson, T. M. (2022) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.238 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Values in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
LeJeune, J. T., & Luoma, J. B. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197550076.013.12 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Valued living after mild traumatic brain injury: Characteristics and relationship with outcomes
Faulkner, J. W., Whiting, D. L., Theadom, A., Snell, D. L., Roche, M., & Barker-Collo, S. L. (2024) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2024.2328876 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This is inconsistent with findings demonstrating a consistent relationship between these constructs (Michelson et al., 2011; Tunç et al., 2023).”
InfluentialAssociations between valued living and responsiveness to daily rewards
Fields, J. S., Browne, R. K., Wieman, S. T., Lord, K. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Liverant, G. I. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.10.005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Contribution of Psychological Inflexibility and Metacognitive Processes to Emotional Distress.
Quan, H., & Zettle, R. D. (2023) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcpsy-d-21-00014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fishbein, J. N., Judd, C. M., Genung, S. R., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4uzg3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Psychological Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
McCabe‐Bennett, H., Fracalanza, K., & Antony, M. M. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119462996.ch5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Treatments
Roemer, L., Arbid, N., Martinez, J. H., & Orsillo, S. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00008-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneralized anxiety disorder symptoms and daily social behavior predict hair cortisol concentration
Lewis, J. A., Erickson, T. M., & Banning, R. L. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2591108 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“To screen for anxiety-related and depressive disorders, we employed a structured clinical interview, an abridged Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ADIS-5; Brown & Barlow, 2014) emphasizing current diagnosis (Michelson et al., 2011).”
Hu, H., Zheng, Q., Ding, D., & Fang, S. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2024.059324 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Valued Action and Satisfaction Questionnaire: Preliminary Validation and Psychometric Evaluation
Lyons, G. A., Stone, B. M., Primeaux, S., Wang, V., & Drake, C. E. (2023) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-023-00548-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shame-Proneness Predicts Social Psychopathology: Considering the Sociometer Theory of ShamePreprint
Carpenter, T., Erickson, T. M., Stebbins, O. L., & Fraga, K. J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/n56cz · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rodrigues, T. F., Vieira, A. I., Vaz, A., Brandão, I., Timóteo, S., Nunes, P., Fernández‐Aranda, F., & Machado, P. P. P. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2621 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Associations Between Values, Committed Action, And Cardiovascular Reactivity
Crudup, B. M. (2016) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Guadagno, J. (2012) · DukeSpace (Duke University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Herrera, J. A. M., Duplessis-Marcotte, F., & Gosselin, P. (2026) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101022
New Voices, Shared Vision: How Emerging Research Scholars Are Supporting HPNA’s Research Priorities
Parajuli, J., Levoy, K. N., Bechthold, A. C., DeGroot, L. G., Bennett, C., Gazaway, S. B., & Coats, H. (2025) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000001165
Criddle, J. M., Malvini, W., Jasper, H., & Bordieri, M. J. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15081095
“Alternatively, ACT-based approaches seek to change a person’s relationship with suffering and self (Wilson & Murrell, 2004) and to imbue life with meaning through mindful actions in line with one’s values (Harris, 2019; Michelson et al., 2011).”
Marando-Blanck, S., Hayes‐Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2024) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2024.2423654 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Clients reported improvements in their quality of life (Hayes-Skelton et al., 2013), interpersonal functioning (Millstein et al., 2015), and values-consistent action (Michelson et al., 2011).”
Self-citationMiller, A. N., Graham-LoPresti, J., Liverant, G., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2025) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.07.001
Self-citationLearning gains from a one-day training in acceptance-based behavior therapy
Gu, G., Roemer, L., Suvak, M., Liverant, G., & Orsillo, S. M. (2021) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2020.1829026
“Clients have also reported improvements in quality of life (e.g. HayesSkelton et al., 2013), interpersonal functioning (Millstein et al., 2015), and increased engagement in valued actions (Michelson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationVeiga, D., Trindade, I. A., & Ferreira, C. (2019) · Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social · doi:10.31211/rpics.2019.5.2.153
The Process of Valuing and Subjective Well-Being for Trainees
Grumet, R., Fitzpatrick, M. R., Yildirim, L., Ananng, B., & Knoll, M. L. (2018) · Graduate Student Journal of Psychology · doi:10.52214/gsjp.v17i.10917
Alladin, A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118509869.refs
- Authors
- Michelson, S. E., Lee, J. K., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L.
- Affiliations
- Suffolk University (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Michelson, Susan E.
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2011-02-09
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 358-366
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3086989
- OpenAlex
- W2018993810
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH63208, R01MH074589, R21MH063208)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, valued action, quality of life, experiential avoidance, emotional distress, comorbid depression, functional disability
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Anxiety Disorders, Awareness, Behavior Therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Personality Inventory, Quality of Life, Social Values, Comorbidity
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