Cited by 1,772Eating Disorders and BehaviorsBody Image and Dysmorphia StudiesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

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The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review

Groesz, Lisa M., Levine, Michael P., Murnen, Sarah K.·2002·International Journal of Eating Disorders

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Abstract

Objective: The effect of experimental manipulations of the thin beauty ideal, as portrayed in the mass media, on female body image was evaluated using meta‐analysis. Method: Data from 25 studies (43 effect sizes) were used to examine the main effect of mass media images of the slender ideal, as well as the moderating effects of pre‐existing body image problems, the age of the participants, the number of stimulus presentations, and the type of research design. Results: Body image was significantly more negative after viewing thin media images than after viewing images of either average size models, plus size models, or inanimate objects. This effect was stronger for between‐subjects designs, participants less than 19 years of age, and for participants who are vulnerable to activation of a thinness schema. Conclusion: Results support the sociocultural perspective that mass media promulgate a slender ideal that elicits body dissatisfaction. Implications for prevention and research on social comparison processes are considered. © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 1–16, 2002.

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Anschütz, D. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., & van Strien, T. (2007) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.06.008 · Cited by 36
Body image and restrained eating in blind and sighted women: A preliminary study.
Ashikali, E.-M., & Dittmar, H. (2010) · Body image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.01.002 · Cited by 31
The advertising performance of non-ideal female models as a function of viewers' body mass index: a moderated mediation analysis of two competing affective pathways
Borau, S., & Bonnefon, J. (2016) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2015.1135773 · Cited by 33
“Meta-analytic reviews have largely conﬁrmed this ﬁnding, as well as its undesirable consequences in terms of eating disorders (Grabe, Ward, and Hyde 2008; Groesz, Levine, and Murnen 2002).”
Psychological and behavioral effects of obesity prevention campaigns
Simpson, C. C., Griffin, B. J., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317693913 · Cited by 37
Inequality
Keister, L. A., & Southgate, D. E. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511842986 · Cited by 32
Liking Them Thin: Adolescents’ Favorite Television Characters and Body Image
Te’eni-Harari, T., & Eyal, K. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1012241 · Cited by 31
Attentional bias for negative self-words in young women The role of thin ideal priming and body shape dissatisfaction
Johansson, L., Lundh, L., & Andersson, G. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.05.026 · Cited by 32
The Struggle Between the Real and Ideal
Nagar, I., & Virk, R. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017691327 · Cited by 32
The Imaginary Intrasexual Competition: Advertisements Featuring Provocative Female Models Trigger Women to Engage in Indirect Aggression
Borau, S., & Bonnefon, J. (2017) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3643-y · Cited by 32
“Finally, there are strong arguments that this practice is wrong, both on deontological grounds (it amounts to lying; Bishop 2000; Cohan 2001), and on consequential grounds (it demonstrably hurts women’s well-being, Grabe et al. 2008; Groesz et al. 2002).”
Images of bodies in mass and social media and body dissatisfaction: The role of internalization and self-discrepancy
Möri, M., Mongillo, F., & Fahr, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009792 · Cited by 55
“Still, with the rise of mass media and social media, people seem to have become obsessed with images of bodies or appearance Frontiers in Psychology 01 frontiersin.org (Groesz et al., 2002; Wykes and Gunter, 2005).”
Background
Talking Back to the Media Ideal: The Development and Validation of the Critical Processing of Beauty Images Scale
Engeln, R., & Miller, S. A. (2008) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00420.x · Cited by 32
Effects of Scarcely Dressed Models in Advertising on Body Esteem for Belgian Men and Women
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The Thrust of the Problem: Bodily Inhibitions and Guilt as a Function of Mortality Salience and Neuroticism
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Looking up and Seeing Green
McKee, S. E., Smith, H. J., Koch, A., Balzarini, R. N., Georges, M., & Callahan, M. P. (2013) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684312469792 · Cited by 31
Examination of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 in a mixed-gender young-adolescent sample.
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Bodies After Babies: The Impact of Depictions of Recently Post-Partum Celebrities on Non-Pregnant Women’s Body Image
Hopper, K. M., & Aubrey, J. S. (2015) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0561-2 · Cited by 31
“…sole influence on one’s body image, meta-analyses provide evidence for exposure to thin-ideal media being linked to body dissatisfaction, distortions of body image, a drive for thinness, and problematic eating behaviors and beliefs in U.S. girls and women (Grabe et al. 2008; Groesz et al. 2002).”
Background
Sexy, Thin, and White: The Intersection of Sexualization, Body Type, and Race on Stereotypes about Women
Biefeld, S. D., Stone, E. A., & Brown, C. S. (2021) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-020-01221-2 · Cited by 42
Breast or bottle? Eating disordered childbearing women and infant‐feeding decisions
Stapleton, H., Fielder, A., & Kirkham, M. (2008) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00121.x · Cited by 31
Social Class and BMI Among Canadian Adults: A Focus on Occupational Prestige
McLaren, L., & Godley, J. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.539 · Cited by 31
Obesity and Body Size Preferences of Jordanian Women
Madanat, H. N., Hawks, S. R., & Angeles, H. N. (2010) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198110376351 · Cited by 33

Authors: Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K.
Affiliations: Kenyon College (US)
Corresponding author: Levine, Michael P.
ORCID: Levine, Michael P.
Murnen, Sarah K.
Venue: International Journal of Eating Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2001-12-26
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-16
ISSN: 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
1098-108X
DOI: 10.1002/eat.10005
OpenAlex: W2020212028
Cited by: 1,772
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 109
FWCI: 4.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: body satisfaction, body dissatisfaction, mass media, female body image, plus-size models, social comparison, sociocultural factors, adolescents, eating disorder prevention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Body Constitution, Body Image, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Mass Media, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Social Conformity, Thinness, Body Mass Index

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The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review

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