Cited by 1,772Eating Disorders and BehaviorsBody Image and Dysmorphia StudiesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review

Groesz, Lisa M., Levine, Michael P., Murnen, Sarah K.·2002·International Journal of Eating Disorders

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective: The effect of experimental manipulations of the thin beauty ideal, as portrayed in the mass media, on female body image was evaluated using meta‐analysis. Method: Data from 25 studies (43 effect sizes) were used to examine the main effect of mass media images of the slender ideal, as well as the moderating effects of pre‐existing body image problems, the age of the participants, the number of stimulus presentations, and the type of research design. Results: Body image was significantly more negative after viewing thin media images than after viewing images of either average size models, plus size models, or inanimate objects. This effect was stronger for between‐subjects designs, participants less than 19 years of age, and for participants who are vulnerable to activation of a thinness schema. Conclusion: Results support the sociocultural perspective that mass media promulgate a slender ideal that elicits body dissatisfaction. Implications for prevention and research on social comparison processes are considered. © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 1–16, 2002.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/eat.10005

Cites

74 of 74 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x · Cited by 5,531
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: 1955
Feshbach, S., & Jones, M. R. (1957) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419253 · Cited by 3,842
Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance.
Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999) · doi:10.1037/10312-000 · Cited by 3,100
Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes
Wood, J. V. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.231 · Cited by 1,957
Thin-Ideal Internalization: Mounting Evidence for a New Risk Factor for Body-Image Disturbance and Eating Pathology
Thompson, J. K., & Stice, E. M. (2001) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00144 · Cited by 1,546
Women and weight a normative discontent
Rodin, J., Silberstein, L. R., & Moore, R. S. (1985) · Cited by 1,048
Social Comparison and the Idealized Images of Advertising
Richins, M. L. (1991) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209242 · Cited by 962
Life of the mind: The interface of psychopharmaceuticals, domestic economies, and social abandonment
Biehl, J. G. (2004) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1525/ae.2004.31.4.475 · Cited by 903
Muscle Dysmorphia: An Underrecognized Form of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J., Choi, P. Y. L., Olivardia, R., & Phillips, K. A. (1997) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(97)71400-2 · Cited by 890
Body Images: Development, Deviance, and Change
Levy, N. B. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.3.401-b · Cited by 877

Show all 74 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Freske P.(1998).Possible moderators of the impact of media exposure on affect and body satisfaction in college females. Unpublished masters’ thesis Washington State University. Vancouver WA.
King R. Menzel M. &Baird D.(1997 April); Effects of exposure to thin models on the body size estimation of female students with and without disturbed eating. Paper presented at the3rd London International Conference on Eating Disorders London UK.
Levine M.P., 1999, Preventing eating disorders: A handbook of interventions and special challenges, 3
Piran N. Levine M.P. Irving L. &EDAP Inc.(2000 May). GO GIRLS!™ Preventing negative body image through media literacy. Paper presented at the Summit 2000 (Children Youth and the Media Beyond the Millennium) conference Toronto.
Posavac H.D. Posavac S.S. &Weigel R.G.(inpress).Reducing the impact of exposure to idealized media images of female attractiveness on women’s body image: An investigation of three psychoeducational interventions. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology.
Smolak L, 1996, The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: Implications for research, prevention, and treatment, 207

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,001

Feeling body dissatisfied after viewing thin-ideal pictures is mediated by self-activation
Smeets, E., Jansen, A. T. M., Vossen, E., Ruf, L., & Roefs, A. (2010) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.07.001 · Cited by 15
Prevalence of distorted body image in young Koreans and its association with age, sex, body weight status, and disordered eating behaviors
Jung, Y., Hong, S.-C., Kim, M.-D., Lee, C.-I., Hyun, M.-Y., Bahk, W. M., Yoon, B. H., & Lee, K. H. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s82504 · Cited by 17
That woman looks pretty, but is she attractive? Female perceptions of facial beauty and the impact of cultural labels
Geldart, S. (2010) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2009.12.003 · Cited by 19
BMI of Interviewer Effects
Eisinga, R., Grotenhuis, M. T., Larsen, J. K., Pelzer, B. J., & van Strien, T. (2011) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edr026 · Cited by 17
Gender and Eating Disorders
Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118574089.ch27 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Self-compassion and cognitive reappraisal restore female adolescents’ body satisfaction and appreciation after appearance-related rumination
Hevron, H., & Weinbach, N. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101779 · Cited by 18
The Relationship Between Women’s Negative Body Image and Disordered Eating Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Corno, G., Paquette, A., Monthuy‐Blanc, J., Ouellet, M., & Bouchard, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856933 · Cited by 17
The Mediating Effect of Negative Appearance Evaluation on the Relationship Between Eating Attitudes and Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance
Wang, R., Gan, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Lipowska, M., Izydorczyk, B., Guo, S., Lipowski, M., Yang, Y., & Fan, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.776842 · Cited by 18
Pathways from adolescent screen time to eating related symptoms: a multilevel longitudinal mediation analysis through self-esteem
Livet, A., Boers, E., Laroque, F., Afzali, M. H., McVey, G. L., & Conrod, P. (2022) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2022.2141239 · Cited by 22
“Despite their impossibility, many women and girls aspire to these ideals, in turn leading to ED symptoms, such as body dissatisfaction, obsessive desire to be thin, and restrictive or purging behaviors (Groesz et al., 2002).”
Body Positivity or Humorous Parody? The Impact of Instagram Imagery on Body Image Concerns
Fasoli, F., Ogden, J., & Johnson, S. (2023) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2023.2198686 · Cited by 19
Eating across borders: a scoping review of eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction in migrant populations
Valenta, S. T., Innella, V., Bonazzoli, F., Rocca, B. D., Fiorillo, A., Ronchi, D. D., & Atti, A. R. (2024) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2024.2384725 · Cited by 16
“…the pervasive idealization of slimness perpetuated through media messaging, may contribute significantly to the rising trend of EDs, as highlighted in literature over the past two decades (Becker et al., 2002; Groesz et al., 2002; Miller & Pumariega, 2001; Mousa et al., 2010; Toro et al., 2006).”
Social Theory Applied to Body Image and Chronic Illness in Youth
Quick, V. (2013) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827613505408 · Cited by 17
“Sociocultural pressures for women to attain an unrealistically slender ideal, and for men to attain and maintain a slender but muscular body is associated with body dissatisfaction.(41,42) Media imagery may be involved in producing changes in the way the body is perceived and evaluated depending on the viewer’s percep…”
Background
The Reasons Behind the Trending of Facial Plastic Surgery in Saudi Arabia
Reham, A. (2019) · Scholarly Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.32474/sjo.2019.01.000121 · Cited by 16
“Media influences, medical advancements, and patients’ characteristics have a role in the recent upsurge of cosmetic surgery [5] Exposure to media and satellite television found to be contributing factors to the higher rate of rhinoplasty [6].”
Background
Advertisements: interpreting images used to sell to young adults
Adomaitis, A. D., & Johnson, K. P. (2008) · Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management · doi:10.1108/13612020810874872 · Cited by 16
Unveiled
Prichard, I. J., & Tiggemann, M. (2009) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105309342905 · Cited by 16
The Multidimensional Media Influence Scale: Confirmatory factor structure and relationship with body dissatisfaction among African American and Anglo American children
Harrison, K. (2009) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.04.001 · Cited by 16
Gendered perceptions of own and partner weight-level
Christensen, V. T. (2011) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459311425512 · Cited by 16
“There exists a cultural norm for thinness among women, resulting in a chronic dissatisfaction with own body size (Groesz et al., 2002; Grogan, 2008; StriegelMoore and Franko, 2002).”
Background
Social Perceptions Predict Change in Women's Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life During the First Semester of College
Arigo, D., & Cavanaugh, J. (2016) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2016.35.8.643 · Cited by 16
The role of physical satisfaction in women's sexual self-esteem
Hannier, S., Baltus, A., & Sutter, P. D. (2017) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2017.09.010 · Cited by 17
Self-Concept Clarity and Body Dissatisfaction
Vartanian, L. R., & Hayward, L. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71547-6_11 · Cited by 20
The effect of exposure to thin models and digital modification disclaimers on women's body satisfaction
Lewis, N., Pelled, A., & Tal‐Or, N. (2019) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12572 · Cited by 16
Thin Media Images Decrease Women’s Body Satisfaction: Comparisons Between Veiled Muslim Women, Christian Women and Atheist Women Regarding Trait and State Body Image
Wilhelm, L., Hartmann, A. S., Becker, J. C., Kişi, M., Waldorf, M., & Vocks, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01074 · Cited by 19
“In support of previous results (Groesz et al., 2002; Want, 2009), correlation analyses showed that the more body image concerns a woman reported prior to the experiment, the more her state body satisfaction declined from pre- to postexposure.”
ResultInfluential
Similarity in young women's eating attitudes: Self‐selected versus artificially constructed groups
Gilbert, N., & Meyer, C. (2004) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20036 · Cited by 16
Time trends in cover images and article content in Latina magazine: Potential implications for body dissatisfaction in Latina women.
Franko, D. L., Rodgers, R. F., Lovering, M. E., Fernandes, C., Alfieri, A., Matsumoto, A., Accomando, K., & Thompson‐Brenner, H. (2013) · Journal of Latina/o Psychology · doi:10.1037/lat0000007 · Cited by 16
Self-esteem and appearance anxiety among Chinese college students: the roles of social media use and upward social comparison
Shang, A., & Bao, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1562711 · Cited by 18
“Additionally, exposure to idealized beauty images on social media can cause individuals to internalize unrealistic beauty standards, contributing to body dissatisfaction and appearance anxiety (Groesz et al., 2002; Vandenbosch and Eggermont, 2012).”
Facebook Use for Profile Maintenance and Social Grooming and Young Korean Women’s Appearance Comparison With Peers and Body Image Concerns
Kim, J. W. (2018) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305118772835 · Cited by 19
Anti-obesity public health advertisements increase risk factors for the development of eating disorders
Bristow, C., Allen, K., Simmonds, J. G., Snell, T., & McLean, L. A. (2021) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daab107 · Cited by 15
The relationship between problematic Instagram use and eating disorders psychopathology: an explanatory structural equation model
Fioravanti, G., Cassioli, E., Rossi, E., Angeletti, L. L., Casale, S., Ricca, V., & Castellini, G. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02477-1 · Cited by 17
“Ideal body shapes conveyed by traditional mass media, such as magazines and television, comprise unat-tainably thin and toned bodies, exalting slenderness, and weight loss [11].”
Background
Through Thick and Thin: Exposure to Instagram Advertisements and Willingness to Engage in Appearance-Altering Practices
Ferdousi, J. S., Bradley, G. L., & Carlini, J. (2023) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2023.2221014 · Cited by 15
“…that exposure to thin models (e.g., in advertising) may lead to negative body-related consequences in women, such as body-focused anxiety, poor appearance and body satisfaction, and negative body image (Clayton et al., 2017; Groesz et al., 2002; Halliwell & Dittmar, 2004; Mulgrew et al., 2020).”
Background
Non-Sexualized Images and Body-Neutral Messaging Foster Body Positivity Online
Brathwaite, K. N., DeAndrea, D. C., & Vendemia, M. A. (2023) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051231207852 · Cited by 18
“Research suggests that perceived sociocultural pressures to conform to beauty ideals are often associated with body image disturbance in women (Frederick et al., 2022; Groesz et al., 2002; Grower et al., 2019; Thompson et al., 1999; Thompson & Stice, 2001).”
Background
Westernization: The Role of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disorders
Ana, R., & Calado, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/31307 · Cited by 15
Effects of Viewing a Pro-Ana Website: An Experimental Study on Body Satisfaction, Affect, and Appearance Self-Efficacy
Delforterie, M. J., Larsen, J. K., Bardone‐Cone, A. M., & Scholte, R. H. J. (2014) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2014.898982 · Cited by 15
Perceived relationship with God moderates the relationship between social comparison and body appreciation
Homan, K. J., & Lemmon, V. A. (2016) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2016.1140372 · Cited by 15
“Based on extensive evidence that social comparison has an adverse causal effect on women’s feelings about their bodies (Groesz et al., 2002; Want, 2009), we assumed that frequent social comparison caused a decrease in body appreciation.”
Background
Relationship between Weight Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Sample of Early Adolescents from Central and Northern Italy: A Cross-Sectional Study of the AVATAR Project Participants
Mastorci, F., Piaggi, P., Doveri, C., Trivellini, G., Marinaro, I., Casu, A., Pingitore, A., & Vassalle, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168782 · Cited by 19
“have found a reduction in body satisfaction in girls under the age of 19 due to the beauty image of the media, pointing out how beauty trends displayed in television or in social media can contribute to unhealthy adolescent body perceptions [28].”
Background
Relación entre la satisfación con la imagen corporal autoconcepto físico, índice de masa corporal y factores socioculturales en mujeres adolescentes costarricenses
Fernández, L. G., & Azofeifa, E. G. (2007) · Pensar en Movimiento Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud · doi:10.15517/pensarmov.v5i1.356 · Cited by 15
Advertising Images of Men: Body Size and Muscularity of Men Depicted inMen’s HealthMagazine
Jung, J. (2011) · Journal of Global Fashion Marketing · doi:10.1080/20932685.2011.10593096 · Cited by 15
Attention to fat- and thin-related words in body-satisfied and body-dissatisfied women before and after thin model priming
Tobin, L. N., Sears, C. R., Zumbusch, A. S., & von Ranson, K. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192914 · Cited by 15
Testing Western Media Icons Influence on Arab Women’s Body Size and Shape Ideals: An Experimental Approach
Khaled, S., Shockley, B., Qutteina, Y., Kimmel, L. G., & Trung, K. L. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci7090142 · Cited by 15
The effect of perceived appearance judgements on psychological and biological stress processes across adulthood
Sabik, N. J., Geiger, A. M., Thoma, M. V., Gianferante, D., Rohleder, N., & Wolf, J. M. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2863 · Cited by 15
Body image and weight management among Hispanic American adolescents: Differences by sport type
Reina, A. M., Monsma, E. V., Dumas, M. D., & Gay, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.014 · Cited by 17
Effect of digital alteration information and disclaimer labels attached to fashion magazine advertisements on women’s body dissatisfaction
Tiggemann, M., Brown, Z. A., & Anderberg, I. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.07.008 · Cited by 18
Desenvolvimento e validação preliminar da Escala Situacional de Satisfação Corporal - ESSC
Hirata, E., & Pilati, R. (2010) · Psico-USF · doi:10.1590/s1413-82712010000100002 · Cited by 15
How do body-dissatisfied and body-satisfied males and females judge the size of thin female celebrities?
Willinge, A., Touyz, S. W., & Charles, M. A. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20278 · Cited by 17
Parent, Peer and Media Effect on the Perception of Body Image in Preadolescent Girls and Boys
Aliyev, B., & Türkmen, A. (2014) · Universal Journal of Psychology · doi:10.13189/ujp.2014.020703 · Cited by 17
“Friends and school peers can be influential through swapping information, modeling behaviors, exerting peer pressure and also through teasing [21].”
Background
Vom hässlichen Entlein zum schönen Schwan? Zur Darstellung und Wirkung von Schönheitsoperationen im
Rossmann, C., & Brosius, H. (2005) · Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft · doi:10.5771/1615-634x-2005-4-507 · Cited by 14
Does Culture Matter in Body Image? The Effects of Subjective and Contextual Culture on Body Image among Bicultural Women.
Yam, M. (2013) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 15
Gender Games: A Content Analysis Of Gender Portrayals In Modern, Narrative Video Games
Friedberg, J. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/7000435 · Cited by 15
Being Successful and Being Thin: The Effects of Thin-Ideal Social Media Images With High Socioeconomic Status on Women's Body Image and Eating Behaviour
Qi, W., & Cui, L. (2018) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2017.16 · Cited by 14
“, Halliwell, Dittmar, & Howe, 2005; Joshi, Herman, & Polivy, 2004), and effect sizes are small and heavily contingent on specific measures and characteristics of the participants (Groesz et al., 2002).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Examination of Self-Esteem, Body Image, Eating Attitudes and Cardiorespiratory Performance in Adolescents
Petrovics, P., Nagy, A., Sándor, B., Pálfi, A., Szekeres, Z. J., Tóth, K., & Szabados, E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413172 · Cited by 24
Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization—A Pilot Study
Marra, M. L., Messina, A., Ilardi, C. R., Staiano, M., Maio, G. D., Messina, G., Polito, R., Valenzano, A. A., Cibelli, G., Monda, V., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811501 · Cited by 15
The Importance of Media on Decision to Undergo Cosmetic Surgery Operation
Sönmez, M. M., & Eşiyok, E. (2022) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-022-03139-4 · Cited by 14
Rethinking Visual Ethics: Evolution, Social Comparison and the Media's Mono-Body in the Global Rise of Eating Disorders
Reaves, S. (2011) · Journal of Mass Media Ethics · doi:10.1080/08900523.2011.559793 · Cited by 15
“After analyzing 25 studies, Groesz et al. (2002) concluded that social comparison had not received enough attention when girls as young as 8 compared themselves to models.”
Method
Influence of Body Mass Index, Perceived Media Pressure, and Peer Criticism/Teasing on Adolescent Girls’ Body Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction and Clothing-Related Behaviors
Seock, Y., & Merritt, L. R. (2013) · Clothing and Textiles Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0887302x13498508 · Cited by 14
Body shape model, physical activity and eating behaviour.
Jáuregui‐Lobera, I., Cid, S. T., Fernández, M. J. S., & Ríos, P. B. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 14
"I Know You Are Not Real": Salience of Photo Retouching Reduces the Negative Effects of Media Exposure Via Internalization
Rollero, C. (2015) · Studia Psychologica · doi:10.21909/sp.2015.03.693 · Cited by 16
“Since literature highlights the mediational role of internalization (Bair et al., 2012; Giles & Close, 2008; Groesz et al., 2002; López-Guimerà et al., 2010; Tiggemann, 2003; Vandenbosch & Eggermont, 2012), we hypothesized that, compared to the other conditions, retouching salience would decrease…”
Background
Deconstructing “real” women: Young women's readings of advertising images of “plus-size” models in the UK
Beale, K., Malson, H. M., & Tischner, I. (2016) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959353516639616 · Cited by 14
Approach and avoidance: Relations with the thin body ideal in women with disordered eating behavior
Leins, J., Waldorf, M., Kollei, I., Rinck, M., & Steins‐Loeber, S. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.029 · Cited by 17
The devil wears stata: Thin-ideal media’s minimal contribution to our understanding of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders.
Ferguson, C. J. (2018) · Archives of Scientific Psychology · doi:10.1037/arc0000044 · Cited by 14
Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C)
Namatame, H., Yashima, Y., & Sawamiya, Y. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.001 · Cited by 14
Medya Karakterleriyle Kurulan Parasosyal Etkileşim
Aytulun, G., & Sunal, A. B. (2020) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.688117 · Cited by 14
“Social Media Makes It Inevitable to Feel Bad about Your Body”: Examining Self-Presentation and Body Image of Young Collegiate Females
Young, G., Smith, M. J., & Batten, J. (2022) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth2030016 · Cited by 18
“Introduction Social media is a modern-day catalyst for body image ideals and alterations to body image perceptions [1] with online platforms providing opportunities for individuals to adopt self-presentation strategies to portray themselves in a ‘desirable’ way.”
Background
Health Implications of Body Size Perception and Weight Tolerance in Older Adults
Knight, T., Illingworth, K., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2009) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105309102198 · Cited by 14
POPS: a school-based prevention programme for eating disorders
Warschburger, P., Helfert, S., & Krentz, E. M. (2011) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-011-0425-3 · Cited by 14
Body Image Satisfaction Among a Sample of Black Female South African Students
Mwaba, K., & Roman, N. V. (2009) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.905 · Cited by 14
Nine-month-old infants prefer unattractive bodies over attractive bodies
Heron‐Delaney, M., Quinn, P. C., Lee, K., Slater, A. M., & Pascalis, O. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.12.008 · Cited by 14
HowNotto Feel Good Naked? The Effects of Television Programs that Use “Real Women” on Female Viewers' Body Image and Mood
Swami, V., & Smith, J.-M. (2012) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2012.31.2.151 · Cited by 17
Representations of female body weight in the media: An update of Playboy magazine from 2000 to 2014
Roberts, A., & Muta, S. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.009 · Cited by 17
Body Weight Concern and Belief among Adolescent Egyptian Girls
Mahfouz, N. N., Fahmy, R., Nassar, M. S., & Wahba, S. A. (2018) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.145 · Cited by 15
“Several social, psychological and cultural factors are associated with body weight concerns [21].”
Background
Die Rolle der Medien bei Entstehung, Verlauf und Bewältigung von Essstörungen
Peter, C., & Brosius, H. (2020) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-020-03256-y · Cited by 14
Human diet and cognition
Stevenson, R. J., & Prescott, J. (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1290 · Cited by 16
Impact of Media on Development of Eating Disorders in Young Females of Pakistan
Abideen, Z.-U., Latif, A. H. E., Khan, S. R., & Farooq, W. (2011) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v3n1p122 · Cited by 18
Culture-specific influences on body image and eating distress in a sample of urban Bulgarian women: The roles of faith and traditional fasting
Angelova, R. A., & Utermohlen, V. (2013) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.05.005 · Cited by 14
Changing Body Image and Well-Being: Following the Experience of Massive Weight Loss and Body Contouring Surgery
Gilmartin, J., Long, A., & Soldin, M. G. (2014) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare2020150 · Cited by 14
Perceived relationship with God moderates the relationship between social comparison and body appreciation
Homan, K. J., & Lemmon, V. A. (2015) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1075481 · Cited by 13
“Based on extensive evidence that social comparison has an adverse causal effect on women’s feelings about their bodies (Groesz et al., 2002; Want, 2009), we assumed that frequent social comparison caused a decrease in body appreciation.”
Background
Determination of Fluoxetine in Weight Loss Herbal Medicine Using an Electrochemical Sensor Based on rGO-CuNPs
Melaré, A. G., Barreto, F. C., Silva, M. K. L., Simões, R. P., & Cesarino, I. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28176361 · Cited by 13
Improving Body Satisfaction
Martijn, C., Alleva, J. M., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2014) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000206 · Cited by 13
Body Covering and Body Image: A Comparison of Veiled and Unveiled Muslim Women, Christian Women, and Atheist Women Regarding Body Checking, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Disorder Symptoms
Wilhelm, L., Hartmann, A. S., Becker, J. C., Kişi, M., Waldorf, M., & Vocks, S. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0585-3 · Cited by 13
Media and the role of digital psychiatry in mental health
Chandran, S., Mathur, S., & Rao, K. M. (2019) · Digital Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/2575517x.2019.1651625 · Cited by 14
Bedeutung von Instagram und Fitspiration-Bildern für die muskeldysmorphe Symptomatik
Schoenenberg, K., & Martin, A. (2020) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-020-00403-3 · Cited by 13
Approach and avoidance bias for thin‐ideal and normal‐weight body shapes in anorexia nervosa
Brockmeyer, T., Burdenski, K., Anderle, A., Voges, M. M., Vocks, S., Schmidt, H., Wünsch‐Leiteritz, W., Leiteritz, A., & Friederich, H. (2020) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2744 · Cited by 12
Role of Peer Influence and Thin-ideal Internalization on Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating in Mexican Girls
Díaz, J. M. M., Aguilar, X. L., Franco‐Paredes, K., Álvarez-Rayón, G., Arévalo, R. V., Téllez-Girón, M. T. O., & Amaya-Hernández, A. (2012) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 13
The effect of priming a thin ideal on the subsequent perception of conceptually related body image words
Markis, T. A., & McLennan, C. T. (2011) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.05.001 · Cited by 13
Influence of Multiple Age Identities on Social Comparison, Body Satisfaction, and Appearance Self‐Discrepancy for Women across the Life Span
Yu, U., Kozar, J. M., & Damhorst, M. L. (2013) · Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.1111/fcsr.12025 · Cited by 13
The impact of exposure to images of ideally thin models in TV commercials on eating behavior: An experimental study with women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa
Rühl, I., Legenbauer, T., & Hiller, W. (2011) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.07.002 · Cited by 15
Memory bias for schema‐related stimuli in individuals with bulimia nervosa
Legenbauer, T., Maul, B., Rühl, I., Kleinstäuber, M., & Hiller, W. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20651 · Cited by 13
The American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls: A Review, Update and Commentary
Hatch, L. (2011) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.613326 · Cited by 13
“The Task Force report states that there is strong empirical evidence that exposure to ideals of sexual attractiveness in the media is associated with greater body dissatisfaction among girls and young women (Groesz, Levine, & Murnen, 2002 ; Holmstrom, 2004 ).”
Background
Improvement in Body Image, Perceived Health, and Health-Related Self-Efficacy Among People With Serious Mental Illness: The STRIDE Study
Yarborough, B. J. H., Leo, M. C., Yarborough, M. T., Stumbo, S. P., Janoff, S. L., Perrin, N., & Green, C. A. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400535 · Cited by 14
“Social comparison is a powerful force and is usually considered a negative influence if the comparison is with idealized media images of what bodies should look like (30).”
Background
Developmental changes in fat talk to avoid peer rejection in Japanese girls and young women
Takamura, A., Yamazaki, Y., & Omori, M. (2019) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102919854170 · Cited by 13
Les effets des modèles retouchés par ordinateur sur l'évaluation du produit et sur l'estime de soi des jeunes filles
Borges, A. A., Jr. (2011) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/076737011102600401 · Cited by 13
The Cash effect: Shaping the research conversation on body image and eating disorders
Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.001 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Gender-Stereotyped Imagined Dates and Weight Concerns in Sixth-Grade Girls
Gershon, A., Gowen, L. K., Compian, L., & Hayward, C. (2004) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/b:sers.0000023071.02856.89 · Cited by 13
New media facilitate adolescents’ body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in Mainland China
Chen, J., Peng, S., & Wei, Y. (2024) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.011 · Cited by 12
Social Comparisons on Self-Perception and Mate Preferences: The Self and the Others
Castro, F. N., Hattori, W. T., Yamamoto, M. E., & Lopes, F. D. A. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.57080 · Cited by 12
Am I a 6 or a 10? Mate Value Among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer and Healthy Peers
Lehmann, V., Tuinman, M. A., Keim, M. C., Hagedoorn, M., & Gerhardt, C. A. (2017) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2017.0041 · Cited by 12
“21,22 This ﬁnding also underscores the potential role of social comparisons and mate value in establishing intimate encounters/relationships, but studies among cancer survivors are lacking.”
Implicit Attitudes to Female Body Shape in Spanish Women With High and Low Body Dissatisfaction
López, M. H., Antequera-Rubio, A., & Rodríguez‐Valverde, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02102 · Cited by 12
“Women with pre-existing higher levels of BD show stronger increases in BD after exposure to pictures of thin and underweight females than women with previous lower levels of BD (Groesz et al., 2002; Ferguson, 2013).”
Background
Body image, self-esteem, media, disordered eating and actual ideal weight discrepancy: Findings in Cyprus
Argyrides, M., & Sivitanides, M. (2017) · The European Journal of Counselling Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejcop.v6i1.109 · Cited by 12
“That You Just Know You’re Not Alone and Other People Have Gone through It Too.” Eating Disorder Recovery Accounts on Instagram as a Chance for Self-Help? A Qualitative Interview Study among People Affected and Self-Help Experts
Wenig, V., & Janetzke, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811334 · Cited by 12
“In fact, simply looking at pictures of thin women has a significant negative impact on one’s own body image [30], and the use of social media platforms, such as Instagram and Snapchat, is significantly associated with increased ED behaviour in adolescent girls and boys [31].”
Background
The impact of an educational intervention to protect women against the influence of media images
Ogden, J., Smith, L., Nolan, H. A., Moroney, R., & Lynch, H. (2011) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/09654281111161239 · Cited by 10
The Role of Media Exposure, Peers, and Family on Body Dissatisfaction amongst Boys and Girls in Singapore
Lwin, M. O., & Malik, S. (2011) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2011.633406 · Cited by 18
Diet Pills, Powders, and Liquids
Thorlton, J. R., Park, C., & Hughes, T. L. (2013) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840513494844 · Cited by 12

Authors: Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K.
Affiliations: Kenyon College (US)
Corresponding author: Levine, Michael P.
ORCID: Levine, Michael P.
Murnen, Sarah K.
Venue: International Journal of Eating Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2001-12-26
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-16
ISSN: 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
1098-108X
DOI: 10.1002/eat.10005
OpenAlex: W2020212028
Cited by: 1,772
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 109
FWCI: 4.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: body satisfaction, body dissatisfaction, mass media, female body image, plus-size models, social comparison, sociocultural factors, adolescents, eating disorder prevention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Body Constitution, Body Image, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Mass Media, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Social Conformity, Thinness, Body Mass Index

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks