Cited by 1,772Eating Disorders and BehaviorsBody Image and Dysmorphia StudiesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

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The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review

Groesz, Lisa M., Levine, Michael P., Murnen, Sarah K.·2002·International Journal of Eating Disorders

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Abstract

Objective: The effect of experimental manipulations of the thin beauty ideal, as portrayed in the mass media, on female body image was evaluated using meta‐analysis. Method: Data from 25 studies (43 effect sizes) were used to examine the main effect of mass media images of the slender ideal, as well as the moderating effects of pre‐existing body image problems, the age of the participants, the number of stimulus presentations, and the type of research design. Results: Body image was significantly more negative after viewing thin media images than after viewing images of either average size models, plus size models, or inanimate objects. This effect was stronger for between‐subjects designs, participants less than 19 years of age, and for participants who are vulnerable to activation of a thinness schema. Conclusion: Results support the sociocultural perspective that mass media promulgate a slender ideal that elicits body dissatisfaction. Implications for prevention and research on social comparison processes are considered. © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 1–16, 2002.

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“Background Body image was defined as “a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body” by Grogan [1] and it depends on various factors: psychological components and socio-cultural influences such as family, peers, and ethnicity [2-6].”
Background
From Meatless Mondays to Meatless Sundays: Motivations for Meat Reduction among Vegetarians and Semi-vegetarians Who Mildly or Significantly Reduce Their Meat Intake
Backer, C. J. S. D., & Hudders, L. (2014) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.2014.896797 · Cited by 135
In vivo social comparison to a thin-ideal peer promotes body dissatisfaction: A randomized experiment
Krones, P. G., Stice, E. M., Batres, C., & Orjada, K. (2005) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20171 · Cited by 131
Self-compassion moderates the relationship between body mass index and both eating disorder pathology and body image flexibility
Kelly, A. C., Vimalakanthan, K., & Miller, K. E. (2014) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.07.005 · Cited by 128
Fat Talk Among College Women is Both Contagious and Harmful
Salk, R. H., & Engeln, R. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-0050-1 · Cited by 129
“common method of experimentally increasing women’s state body dissatisfaction) has been shown to increase state-level negative affect (Bessenoff 2006; Groesz et al. 2002).”
Method
Disclaimer labels on fashion magazine advertisements: Effects on social comparison and body dissatisfaction
Tiggemann, M., Slater, A., Bury, B., Hawkins, K., & Firth, B. (2012) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.08.001 · Cited by 136
Societal Influences on Body Image Dissatisfaction in Younger and Older Women
Bedford, J. L., & Johnson, S. (2006) · Journal of Women & Aging · doi:10.1300/j074v18n01_04 · Cited by 142
The Impact of Sexually Objectifying Media Exposure on Negative Body Emotions and Sexual Self-Perceptions: Investigating the Mediating Role of Body Self-Consciousness
Aubrey, J. S. (2007) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205430709337002 · Cited by 126
Raising the bar on the body beautiful: An analysis of the body image concerns of homosexual men
Levesque, M. J., & Vichesky, D. (2006) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.10.007 · Cited by 131
The effect of physical appearance perfectionism and social comparison to thin-, slim-thick-, and fit-ideal Instagram imagery on young women’s body image
McComb, S. E., & Mills, J. S. (2021) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.003 · Cited by 159
The effectiveness of stand-alone cognitive-behavioural therapy for body image: A meta-analysis
Jarry, J. L., & Ip, K. (2005) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.10.001 · Cited by 132
Relations among media influence, body image, eating concerns, and sexual orientation in men: A preliminary investigation
Carper, T. L. M., Negy, C., & Tantleff‐Dunn, S. (2010) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.07.002 · Cited by 130
Is plus size equal? The positive impact of average and plus-sized media fashion models on women’s cognitive resource allocation, social comparisons, and body satisfaction
Clayton, R. B., Ridgway, J. L., & Hendrickse, J. (2017) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2017.1332770 · Cited by 130
“Moreover, these data not only support SDT, but also replicate several studies that have examined the effects of viewing images of one’s ideal compared to their non-ideal body type (e.g., Grabe et al., 2008; Groesz et al., 2002).”
Result
Religion, weight perception, and weight control behavior
Kim, K. H.-C. (2006) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.03.001 · Cited by 119
The Role of Media Exposure in Adolescent Girls' Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness: Prospective Results
Tiggemann, M. (2006) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.5.523 · Cited by 128
Responses to catastrophic AGI risk: a survey
Sotala, K., & Yampolskiy, R. V. (2015) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/90/1/018001 · Cited by 121
Internalization of the thin and muscular body ideal and disordered eating in adolescence: The mediation effects of body esteem
Flament, M. F., Hill, E. M., Buchholz, A., Henderson, K. A., Tasca, G. A., & Goldfield, G. S. (2011) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.07.007 · Cited by 116
Attitudes towards anorexia nervosa: The impact of framing on blame and stigma
Crisafulli, M. A., Holle, A. F. V., & Bulik, C. M. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20507 · Cited by 120

Authors: Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K.
Affiliations: Kenyon College (US)
Corresponding author: Levine, Michael P.
ORCID: Levine, Michael P.
Murnen, Sarah K.
Venue: International Journal of Eating Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2001-12-26
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-16
ISSN: 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
1098-108X
DOI: 10.1002/eat.10005
OpenAlex: W2020212028
Cited by: 1,772
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 109
FWCI: 4.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: body satisfaction, body dissatisfaction, mass media, female body image, plus-size models, social comparison, sociocultural factors, adolescents, eating disorder prevention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Body Constitution, Body Image, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Mass Media, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Social Conformity, Thinness, Body Mass Index

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The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review

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