Chronic widespread pain prevalence in the general population: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a significant burden in communities. Understanding the impact of population‐dependent (e.g., age, gender) and contextual‐dependent (e.g. survey method, region, inequality level) factors have on CWP prevalence may provide a foundation for population‐based strategies to address CWP. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the global prevalence of CWP and evaluate the population and contextual factors associated with CWP. A systematic review of CWP prevalence studies (1990–2017) in the general population was undertaken. Meta‐analyses were conducted to determine CWP prevalence, and study population data and contextual factors were evaluated using a meta‐regression. Thirty‐nine manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. Study CWP prevalence ranged from 1.4% to 24.0%, with CWP prevalence in men ranging from 0.8% to 15.3% and 1.7% to 22.1% in women. Estimated overall CWP prevalence was 9.6% (8.0–11.2%). Meta‐regression analyses showed gender, United Nations country development status, and human development index (HDI) influenced CWP prevalence, while survey method, region, methodological and reporting quality, and inequality showed no significant effect on the CWP estimate. Globally CWP affects one in ten individuals within the general population, with women more likely to experience CWP than men. HDI was noted to be the socioeconomic factor related to CWP prevalence, with those in more developed countries having a lower CWP prevalence than those in less developed countries. Most CWP estimates were from developed countries, and CWP estimates from countries with a lower socioeconomic position is needed to further refine the global estimate of CWP. Significance: This systematic review and meta‐analysis updates the current global CWP prevalence by examining the population‐level (e.g. age, gender) and contextual (e.g. country development status; survey style; reporting and methodologic quality) factors associated with CWP prevalence. This analyses provides evidence to support higher levels of CWP in countries with a lower socioeconomic position relative to countries with a higher socioeconomic position.
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Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain (CWP), which significantly impacts the lives of those affected.
“Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain (CWP), which significantly impacts the lives of those affected [44,45,46,47].”
From The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
A robust correlation has been established between chronic stress and fibromyalgia.
“Similarly, a robust correlation has been established between chronic stress and fibromyalgia, a complex condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and localized soreness.”
From The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
Section 4.4 (page unavailable) suggests that difficulty coping with stress may contribute to muscular tension and chronic widespread pain. It does not establish a robust correlation between chronic stress and fibromyalgia; searches for that association and for fibromyalgia symptoms found no passage addressing it. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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- Authors
- Andrews, P., Steultjens, M., & Riskowski, J.
- Affiliations
- Glasgow Caledonian University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Andrews, P.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-08-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-18
- ISSN
- 1090-3801 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2149
- OpenAlex
- W2747168374
- Semantic Scholar
- 0308a187a547b9f90dcb1fcb7d7057f95f552dc1
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
- Keywords
- chronic widespread pain, prevalence, sex differences, Human Development Index, socioeconomic status, general population, global prevalence estimates, survey methodology, reporting quality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Prevalence, Young Adult, Chronic Pain
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