What is threatening about refugees? Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration

Landmann, Helen; Gaschler, Robert; Rohmann, Anette

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2593

Cited by 153Social and Intergroup PsychologyMigration, Refugees, and IntegrationDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

What is threatening about refugees? Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration

Landmann, Helen, Gaschler, Robert, Rohmann, Anette·2019·European Journal of Social Psychology

DOI 10.1002/ejsp.2593

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Abstract

Threat is one of the most important predictors for attitudes towards refugees and migration. The current research addresses the role of different threat types and emotional reactions in the context of refugee migration with a multi‐method approach. Using qualitative (Study 1, N = 202) and quantitative (Studies 2–4, N = 873) methods, we identified six types of threat that majority group members in Germany experience in the face of refugee migration: Concerns about cultural differences ( symbolic threat ), financial strain ( realistic threat ), criminal acts ( safety threat ), conflicts within society ( cohesion threat ), increasing xenophobia ( prejudice threat ), and refugee care ( altruistic threat ). All these threat types elicited negative emotions and were associated with negative attitudes towards refugees and support for restrictive migration policies. Paradoxically, concerns about refugee care predicted support for restrictive migration policies particularly well ( altruistic threat paradox ), which can be explained by a lack of emotional responses to this type of threat. Based on these findings, we propose a bidirectional model of intergroup threat .

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Emotions such as anxiety, anger, fear, and contempt mediate the relation between some threats and prejudice toward immigrants.
“There is also evidence that emotions such as anxiety, anger, fear, and contempt mediate the relation between some of the threats mentioned above and prejudice toward immigrants (Brader et al. 2008, Gadarian & Albertson 2014, Landmann et al. 2019).”
From Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants (2021) · cites this paper as Landmann et al. 2019
Immigrants may elicit concerns about terrorist threat, crime, and disease.
“In terms of safety and security, immigrants may elicit concerns about terrorist threat, crime, and disease (Ceobanu 2011, Esses et al. 2019, Landmann et al. 2019, Medianu et al. 2015)”
From Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants (2021) · cites this paper as Landmann et al. 2019

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Authors: Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A.
Affiliations: FernUniversität in Hagen (DE)
Corresponding author: Landmann, Helen
ORCID: Landmann, Helen
Gaschler, Robert
Rohmann, Anette
Venue: European Journal of Social Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-06-18
Volume: 49
Issue: 7
Pages: 1401-1420
ISSN: 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
1099-0992
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2593
OpenAlex: W2937207512
Cited by: 146
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 23.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: attitudes toward refugees, refugee migration, threat types, intergroup threat, emotional responses, xenophobia, restrictive migration policy, symbolic threat, financial stress, safety threats, majority group members, Germany

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What is threatening about refugees? Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration

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