Mini Meta‐Analysis of Your Own Studies: Some Arguments on Why and a Primer on How
Abstract
We outline the need to, and provide a guide on how to, conduct a meta‐analysis on one's own studies within a manuscript. Although conducting a “mini meta” within one's manuscript has been argued for in the past, this practice is still relatively rare and adoption is slow. We believe two deterrents are responsible. First, researchers may not think that it is legitimate to do a meta‐analysis on a small number of studies. Second, researchers may think a meta‐analysis is too complicated to do without expert knowledge or guidance. We dispel these two misconceptions by (1) offering arguments on why researchers should be encouraged to do mini metas, (2) citing previous articles that have conducted such analyses to good effect, and (3) providing a user‐friendly guide on calculating some meta‐analytic procedures that are appropriate when there are only a few studies. We provide formulas for calculating effect sizes and converting effect sizes from one metric to another (e.g., from Cohen's d to r ), as well as annotated Excel spreadsheets and a step‐by‐step guide on how to conduct a simple meta‐analysis. A series of related studies can be strengthened and better understood if accompanied by a mini meta‐analysis.
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Publication bias could not be tested because of the small number of included studies.
“Publication bias could not be tested because of the small number of included studies [30].”
From The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Goh, J. X., Hall, J. A., & Rosenthal, R.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goh, Jin X.
- Venue
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 535-549
- ISSN
- 1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2527755291
- Cited by
- 994
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 74.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Keywords
- effect size estimation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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