Stormwater contaminant loading following southern California wildfires
Abstract
Contaminant loading associated with stormwater runoff from recently burned areas is poorly understood, despite the fact that it has the potential to affect downstream water quality. The goal of the present study is to assess regional patterns of runoff and contaminant loading from wildfires in urban fringe areas of southern California. Postfire stormwater runoff was sampled from five wildfires that each burned between 115 and 658 km2 of natural open space between 2003 and 2009. Between two and five storm events were sampled per site over the first one to two years following the fires for basic constituents, metals, nutrients, total suspended solids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were compared to data from 16 unburned natural areas and six developed sites. Mean copper, lead, and zinc flux (kg/km2) were between 112- and 736-fold higher from burned catchments and total phosphorus was up to 921-fold higher compared to unburned natural areas. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon flux was four times greater from burned areas than from adjacent urban areas. Ash fallout on nearby unburned watersheds also resulted in a threefold increase in metals and PAHs. Attenuation of elevated concentration and flux values appears to be driven mainly by rainfall magnitude. Contaminant loading from burned landscapes has the potential to be a substantial contribution to the total annual load to downstream areas in the first several years following fires. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2625–2638. © 2012 SETAC
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PAH increases occurred in boreal, temperate, and Mediterranean biomes.
“PAH increases occurred in boreal, temperate, and Mediterranean biomes (Campo et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2011; Stein et al., 2012; Wisløff, 2018).”
From Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management (2022) · cites this paper as Stein et al., 2012
The high Pb concentrations in peatland and temperate mixed forest ash were possibly influenced by past industrial activity, geogenic background, and/or atmospheric deposition from vehicle emissions.
“possibly influenced by past industrial activity, the specific geogenic background of the areas and/or accumulation from atmospheric deposition from vehicle emissions (Paul et al., 2022;Stein et al., 2012).”
From Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications (2023) · cites this paper as Stein et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Stein, E. D., Brown, J. S., Hogue, T. S., Burke, M. P., & Kinoshita, A.
- Affiliations
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stein, Eric D.
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-08-24
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2625-2638
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- OpenAlex
- W2093629387
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- forest fires, pollutant load, urban periphery, metals, copper, lead, zinc, phosphorus, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, total suspended solids, ash fallout, rain attenuation, water quality, Southern California
- MeSH terms
- California, Disasters, Environmental Monitoring, Fires, Metals, Phosphorus, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Water Movements, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Quality
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