Assessing the leaching of nutrients and trace metals from wildfire ashes and heated soils through soil column tests: Potential impacts on groundwater
Open accessAbstract
Wildfires are a significant diffuse source of pollution to water systems. Ash deposited after forest fires contains hazardous contaminants that can leach into groundwater, posing risks to water quality. While wildfire effects on surface water are well-documented, the processes and risks of contaminant leaching into groundwater remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the leaching behavior of nutrients (N and P) and trace metals (V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in ash-soil systems using soil column tests with two soil types (granite [SG] vs. schist [SX]) and two heating temperatures (150 °C vs. 500 °C). Significant differences in leaching were observed based on soil type, fire severity, and ash deposition. Ash addition increased leachate concentrations of N, P, Mn, Zn, Co, and V, with Mn often exceeding drinking water standards. In general, SG soils exhibited greater contaminant mobilization, except for N, Cd, V, and Zn, which were found in higher concentrations in SX soil leachates. Higher temperatures decreased soil organic matter and altered pH and conductivity. These findings highlight the critical role of soil texture, heating, and ash deposition in post-fire contaminant mobility and underscore the urgent need for targeted management strategies to protect groundwater in wildfire-prone regions. • Wildfire ash amplifies nutrient and metal export through leaching, posing a potential risk to groundwater quality. • In general, sandy loam soils (granite) exhibit greater contaminant mobility, elevating groundwater contamination risks. • Effective post-fire soil management strategies are essential to mitigate risks to groundwater resources.
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Wildfires generate large quantities of ash that may persist as a stressor in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
“Beyond their immediate ecological impacts [4], wildfires generate large quantities of ash that may persist as a stressor in terrestrial [5] and aquatic ecosystems [6,7].”
From Wildfire Ash Alters Freshwater Crustacean Behavior: Disentangling the Contributions of Suspended Macroparticles and Ash‐Induced Alkalinization (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
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Kirsch, G., Araujo, R. M. G., Melo, M. S., Nazari, E. M., & Figueiredo, B. R. S. (2025) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144756 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Araujo, R. M. G., Pacheco, D. R., Schafascheck, A. M., Bezerra, C. W. F., Navarro-Silva, M. A., Pinho, L. C., & Figueiredo, B. R. S. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126694 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Characterization of Soil Changes and Vegetation Indicators after Wildfires
Sánchez, K., Thiers, Ó., Andres Iroume, A., Aguayo, M., Pincheira, M., & Zúñiga, F. (2026) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-025-02998-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Araujo, R. M. G., Maciel, J. H. D. S., Miguel, L. G., Schimidt, B., Oscar, B. V. C., Matias, W. G., & Figueiredo, B. R. S. (2026) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-025-08926-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gao, P., Cheng, X., Tian, W., Wang, H., Liu, X., Tuovinen, O. H., Smith, T. E. L., & Evers, S. (2026) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106893 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vasilevich, R., Panyukov, A. N., Габов, Д. Н., & Кузнецов, О. Л. (2026) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pereira‐Silva, P. B., Pacheco, D. R., Kirsch, G., Araujo, R. M. G., Oscar, B. V. C., Matias, W. G., Santos, S., & Figueiredo, B. R. S. (2026) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.70178
Ke, Q., Zhu, L., Zhao, J., Huang, K., Li, L., Weng, Y., Wen, J., Wang, X., Chen, L., Lu, S., et al. (2025) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106709
Private wells—building resilience to wildfires
O’Keeffe, J. M. (2026) · Environmental Health Review · doi:10.5864/d2026-015
Wildfire legacy and nanoparticle occurrence across post-fire landscapes of south-central Chile
Suárez-Oubiña, C., Calvel, S., Tharaud, M., Taraconat, N., Michot, V., Andrieux, E., & Benedetti, M. F. (2026) · Environmental Science Nano · doi:10.1039/d6en00462h
Supply-limited post-fire sediment transport and geochemical fingerprinting during rill erosion
Watanabe, A., Robichaud, P. R., Lewis, S. A., Brooks, E. S., Srivastava, A., Lew, R., Dobre, M., Das, S., & Basso, M. (2026) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2026.110616
Asare, P. F., Reisen, F., Elkaee, S., Li, Z., Hu, W.-P., Vivian, E. R., Etebar, F., Ristovski, Z., Reynolds, P. N., White, A. R., et al. (2026) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire9100425
- Authors
- Abrantes, N., Campos, I., Junior, C., Coelho, C., & Keizer, J. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Aveiro (PT)
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-07
- Volume
- 492
- Pages
- 138097
- ISSN
- 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4409170649
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/AAG-GLO/4176/2012)
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro (LA/P/0094/2020, UIDB/50017/2020, UIDP/50017/2020)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Keywords
- wildfire ash, nutrient leaching, trace metal leaching, groundwater contamination, soil heating, fire severity, soil texture, nitrogen, phosphorus, manganese, soil organic matter, leachate chemistry, granitic soils
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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