Aquatic Environmental Risk Assessment for Human Use of the Old Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole in Europe
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an old sulfonamide antibiotic that was launched first in combination with trimethoprim in 1969 by F.Hoffmann-La Roche. Although sales figures for SMX have been declining over the past 20 yr, the compound is still widely used; moreover, many measured environmental concentrations (MECs) are available from Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia, and Africa. To assess aquatic risks of SMX in Europe, the exposure of European surface waters was predicted based on actual sales figures from IMS Health, incorporating environmental fate data on one side, and based on collated MECs representing more than 5500 single measurements in Europe on the other. Environmental effects were assessed using chronic and subchronic ecotoxicity data for 16 groups of aquatic organisms, from periphyton communities to cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, various invertebrates, and vertebrates. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived using both deterministic and probabilistic methodology. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/PNEC and MEC/PNEC comparisons overall showed no appreciable risk, except in a low incidence (<0.55%) of cases in which exceptionally high MECs led to MEC/PNEC risk characterization ratios greater than 1. The PNECs derived in the present study can be used to extend aquatic environmental risk assessment for SMX to other continents. No risk appears for indirect human exposure to SMX via the environment.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Back-transformation may distort sulfamethoxazole removal rates when occurring disproportionally before and after treatment.
“back-transformation may distort these rates when occurring disproportionally before and after treatment [12].”
From Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Sulfamethoxazole levels detected in environmental samples occasionally exceed the predicted no-effect concentration threshold in the low microgram per Liter range, indicating a risk to aquatic ecosystems.
“its levels detected in environmental samples occasionally exceed the so-called predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) threshold value, which resides in the low microgram per Liter range, indicating a risk to aquatic ecosystems [11,12].”
From Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Acetylsulfamethoxazole has reduced biological activity/toxicity compared to sulfamethoxazole.
“acetylsulfamethoxazole’s reduced biological activity/toxicity compared to sulfamethoxazole may limit the relevance of measuring it [12,42,43].”
From Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Cites
Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment
Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K., & Kratz, K.-L. (1999) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4 · Cited by 2,140 · see citing works
Kasprzyk‐Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047 · Cited by 1,678 · see citing works
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: What Are the Big Questions?
Boxall, A. B. A., Rudd, M. A., Brooks, B. W., Caldwell, D. J., Choi, K., Hickmann, S., Innes, E., Ostapyk, K., Staveley, J. P., Verslycke, T. A., et al. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104477 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmaceuticals in STP effluents and their solar photodegradation in aquatic environment
Andreozzi, R., Marotta, R., & Paxéus, N. (2003) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00769-5 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Radjenović, J., Petrović, M., & Barceló, . (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.043 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed: From wastewater to drinking water
Watkinson, A., Murby, E. J., Kolpin, D. W., & Costanzo, S. D. (2009) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.059 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Stackelberg, P. E., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Zaugg, S. D., Henderson, A. K., & Reissman, D. B. (2004) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.015 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
EU-wide survey of polar organic persistent pollutants in European river waters
Loos, R., Gawlik, B. M., Giovanni, L., Rimaviciute, E., Serafino, C., & Bidoglio, G. (2008) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.020 · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
Peer Reviewed: Scrutinizing Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Wastewater Treatment
Ternes, T. A., Joss, A., & Siegrist, H. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es040639t · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters
Sacher, F., Lange, F. T., Brauch, H., & Blankenhorn, I. (2001) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01266-3 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA
Karthikeyan, K. G., & Meyer, M. T. (2005) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.030 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Göbel, A., Thomsen, A., McArdell, C. S., Joss, A., & Giger, W. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es048550a · Cited by 760 · see citing works
The fate of pharmaceutical chemicals in the aquatic environment
Richardson, M. L., & Bowron, J. M. (1985) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb04922.x · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Boreen, A. L., Arnold, W. A., & McNeill, K. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0353053 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of six antibiotics on non-target organisms
Isidori, M., Lavorgna, M., Nardelli, A., Pascarella, L., & Parrella, A. (2005) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.017 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Ashbolt, N. J., Amézquita, A., Backhaus, T., Borriello, P., Brandt, K. K., Collignon, P., Coors, A., Finley, R. L., Gaze, W. H., Heberer, T., et al. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1206316 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Xu, W., Zhang, G., Li, X. D., Zou, S., Li, P., Hu, Z., & Li, J. (2007) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.023 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Kosma, C. I., Lambropoulou, D. A., & Albanis, T. A. (2013) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.044 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Ferrari, B. J. D., Mons, R., Vollat, B., Fraysse, B., Paxēaus, N., Giudice, R. L., Pollio, A., & Garric, J. (2004) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/03-246 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Kim, S. C., & Carlson, K. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es060737+ · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Kovalova, L., Siegrist, H., Singer, H., Wittmer, A., & McArdell, C. S. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es203495d · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Kinney, C. A., Furlong, E. T., Werner, S. L., & Cahill, J. D. (2006) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/05-187r.1 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Ramirez, A. J., Brain, R., Usenko, S., Mottaleb, M., O'Donnell, J., Stahl, L. L., Wathen, J. B., Snyder, B., Pitt, J., Perez-Hurtado, P., et al. (2009) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/08-561.1 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Yang, L., Ying, G., Su, H., Stauber, J. L., Adams, M. S., & Binet, M. T. (2008) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/07-471.1 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Al‐Ahmad, A., Daschner, F. D., & Kümmerer, K. (1999) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s002449900501 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Malchi, T., Maor, Y., Tadmor, G., Shenker, M., & Chefetz, B. (2014) · Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1021/es5017894 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Assessment of degradation of 18 antibiotics in the Closed Bottle Test
Alexy, R., Kümpel, T., & Kümmerer, K. (2004) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.024 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Effects of pharmaceuticals on Daphnia survival, growth, and reproduction
Flaherty, C. M., & Dodson, S. I. (2005) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.016 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Fram, M. S., & Belitz, K. (2011) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.053 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Hoa, P. T. P., Managaki, S., Nakada, N., Takada, H., Shimizu, A., Anh, D. H., Viet, P. H., & Suzuki, S. (2011) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.030 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Valcárcel, Y., Alonso, S. G., Rodríguez‐Gil, J. L., Gil, A., & Catalá, M. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.014 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Evaluation of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use in the ecotoxicity test using microalgae
Eguchi, K., Nagase, H., Ozawa, M., ENDOH, Y. S., 後藤, 起., Hirata, K., Miyamoto, K., & Yoshimura, H. (2004) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.017 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Effects of 25 pharmaceutical compounds to Lemna gibba using a seven-day static-renewal test
Brain, R. A., Johnson, D. J., Richards, S. M., Sanderson, H., Sibley, P. K., & Solomon, K. R. (2004) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/02-576 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Quinn, B., Gagné, F., & Blaise, C. R. (2007) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.038 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Göbel, A., McArdell, C. S., Suter, M. J. ‐., & Giger, W. (2004) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac0496603 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Fate and mobility of pharmaceuticals in solid matrices
Drillia, P., Stamatelatou, Κ., & Lyberatos, G. (2005) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.032 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Pérez, S., Eichhorn, P., & Aga, D. S. (2005) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/04-211r.1 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Wu, X., Conkle, J. L., Ernst, F. F., & Gan, J. J. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es502868k · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Minguez, L., Pédelucq, J., Farcy, É., Ballandonne, C., Budzinski, H., & Halm‐Lemeille, M. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3662-5 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Segura, P. A., François, M., Gagnon, C., & Sauvé, S. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11776 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Microbial degradation of pharmaceuticals in estuarine and coastal seawater
Benotti, M. J., & Brownawell, B. J. (2008) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.10.009 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Peer Reviewed: Internal Exposure: Linking Bioavailability to Effects
Escher, B. I., & Hermens, J. L. M. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0406740 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Li, M., Guo, C., An, D., Xu, J. F., Zhang, Y., & Xi, B. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.075 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Baran, W., Sochacka, J., & Wardas, W. (2006) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.040 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Fate of the Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole and Its Two Major Human Metabolites in a Water Sediment Test
Radke, M., Lauwigi, C., Heinkele, G., Mürdter, T. E., & Letzel, M. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es900300u · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Contaminants of emerging concern in fresh leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States
Masoner, J. R., Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Cozzarelli, I. M., Gray, J. L., & Schwab, E. A. (2014) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/c4em00124a · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Fate of pharmaceuticals in rivers: Deriving a benchmark dataset at favorable attenuation conditions
Kunkel, U., & Radke, M. (2012) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.033 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Nie, X., Liu, B.-Y., Yu, H., Liu, W., & Yang, Y.-F. (2012) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.013 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Stolker, A. A. M., Niesing, W., Hogendoorn, E. A., Versteegh, J. F. M., Fuchs, R., & Brinkman, U. A. T. (2004) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2253-y · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature
(2009) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781847559425 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Carballa, M., Omil, F., & Lema, J. M. (2008) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.034 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Nie, X., Liu, W., et al. (2011) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.022 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Yan, Q., Gao, X., Chen, Y., et al. (2013) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.032 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
van der Grinten, E., Pikkemaat, M. G., van den Brandhof, E., Stroomberg, G. J., & Kraak, M. H. S. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.011 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Brain, R. A., Johnson, D. J., Richards, S. M., Hanson, M. L., Sanderson, H., Lam, M. W., Young, C. J., Mabury, S. A., Sibley, P. K., & Solomon, K. R. (2004) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.06.011 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
K'oreje, K. O., Demeestere, K., Wispelaere, P. D., Vergeynst, L., Dewulf, J. P., & Langenhove, H. R. V. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.052 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
In Vitro Assessment of Modes of Toxic Action of Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Life
Escher, B. I., Bramaz, N., Eggen, R. I. L., et al. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es048590e · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., & Zhou, J. L. (2007) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.105 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Aquatic Plants Exposed to Pharmaceuticals: Effects and Risks
Brain, R. A., Hanson, M. L., Solomon, K. R., & Brooks, B. W. (2008) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-71724-1_3 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Ultimate biodegradation and elimination of antibiotics in inherent tests
Gartiser, S., Urich, E., Alexy, R., & Kümmerer, K. (2006) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.038 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Muziasari, W. I., Managaki, S., Pärnänen, K. M. M., Karkman, A., Lyra, C., Tamminen, M. V., Suzuki, S., & Virta, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092702 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Toxicity of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole to marine periphytic algae and bacteria
Johansson, C. H., Janmar, L., & Backhaus, T. (2014) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.08.015 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A toxicity and hazard assessment of fourteen pharmaceuticals to Xenopus laevis larvae
Richards, S. M., & Cole, S. E. (2006) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1007/s10646-006-0102-4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Barber, L. B., Keefe, S. H., LeBlanc, D. R., Bradley, P. M., Chapelle, F. H., Meyer, M. T., Loftin, K. A., Kolpin, D. W., & Rubio, F. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803292v · Cited by 122 · see citing works
García-Galán, M. J., González, S., López, R., Díaz‐Cruz, M. S., & Barceló, . (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.038 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Martı́n, J., Camacho‐Muñoz, D., Santos, J. L., Aparicio, I., & Alonso, E. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.020 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Plósz, B. G., Leknes, H., Liltved, H., & Thomas, K. V. (2010) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.042 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Aquatic toxicity of the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin and its metabolites
Baumann, M., Weiß, K., Maletzki, D., Schüssler, W., Schudoma, D., Kopf, W., & Kühnen, U. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.089 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment
Maskaoui, K., & Zhou, J. L. (2009) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-009-0279-1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Sulfamethoxazole contamination of a deep phreatic aquifer
Avisar, D., Lester, Y., & Rönen, D. (2009) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.032 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Corcoll, N., Casellas, M., Huerta, B., Guasch, H., Acuña, V., Rodríguez‐Mozaz, S., Serra-Compte, A., Barceló, ., & Sabater, S. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.093 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Barbieri, M., Carrera, J., Ayora, C., Sánchez‐Vila, X., Licha, T., Nödler, K., Osorio, V., Pérez, S., Köck-Schulmeyer, M., de Alda, M. L., et al. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.058 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
pH-Dependent sorption, bioconcentration and algal toxicity of sulfonylurea herbicides
Fahl, G. M., Kreft, L., Altenburger, R., et al. (1995) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0166-445x(94)00067-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A mechanistical model for the uptake of sulfonamides by bacteria
Zarfl, C., Matthies, M., & Klasmeier, J. (2007) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.045 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Liu, F., Ying, G., Yang, J., Zhou, L., Tao, R., Wang, L., Zhang, L., & Peng, P. (2010) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en09160 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The acid–base profile of a contemporary set of drugs: implications for drug discovery
Manallack, D. T. (2009) · SAR and QSAR in environmental research · doi:10.1080/10629360903438313 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Hanna, M., de Biasi, V., Bond, B., et al. (1998) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac971122l · Cited by 64 · see citing works
An Environmental Risk Assessment for Human-Use Trimethoprim in European Surface Waters
Straub, J. (2013) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics2010115 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationLáng, J., & Kőhidai, L. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.058 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Sorption and transport of five sulfonamide antibiotics in agricultural soil and soil–manure systems
Wang, N., Guo, X., Xu, J. X., et al. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B · doi:10.1080/03601234.2015.965612 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Zhao, H., Liu, S., Chen, J., et al. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.075 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The removal and degradation of pharmaceutical compounds during membrane bioreactor treatment
Schröder, H., Tambosi, J. L., de Sena, R. F., Moreira, R. D. F. P. M., José, H. J., & Pinnekamp, J. (2012) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2012.828 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Madureira, T. V., Rocha, M. J., Cruzeiro, C., et al. (2011) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.017 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Moschet, C., Götz, C. W., Longrée, P., Hollender, J., & Singer, H. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es304484w · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rhee, J., Jeong, C., Kim, B., & Lee, J. (2012) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.009 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lai, H., & Hou, J.-H. (2008) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.07.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Touraki, M., Niopas, I., & Kastritsis, C. D. (1999) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00036-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bondarenko, S., Gan, J. J., Ernst, F. F., Green, R. L., Baird, J. H., & McCullough, M. D. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0355 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bonvin, F., Razmi, A. M., Barry, D. A., et al. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es401294c · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Deterministic and Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment for Diazepam
Straub, J. O. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74664-5_22 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationDrugs in Municipal Sewage Effluents: Screening and Biodegradation Studies
Möhle, E., & Metzger, J. W. (2001) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2001-0791.ch011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Białk‐Bielińska, A., Kumirska, J., & Stepnowski, P. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53732 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Martini, F., Tarazona, J. V., & Pablos, M. V. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/605804 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Evaluation of Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals Based on Algal Growth Inhibition Test
Fukunaga, A., Yamashita, N., & Tanaka, H. (2006) · Environmental Engineering Research · doi:10.11532/proes1992.43.57 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loos, R., Tavazzi, S., Mariani, G., Suurkuusk, G., Paracchini, B., & Umlauf, G. (2017) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.039 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Insights on Sulfamethoxazole Bio-Transformation by Environmental Proteobacteria Isolates
Reis, P. J. M., Homem, V., Alves, A., Vilar, V. J. P., Manaia, C. M., & Nunes, O. C. (2018) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.012 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hof, M. A. J., de Haan, H., Stepanovic, S., Bakker, S. J. L., Hak, E., Hopfgartner, G., Klont, F., & Investigators, T. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15070473 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Admittedly, acetylsulfamethoxazole’s reduced biological activity/toxicity compared to sulfamethoxazole may limit the relevance of measuring it [12,42,43].”
Influential
- Authors
- Straub, J. O.
- Affiliations
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Straub, Jürg Oliver
- ORCID
- Straub, Jürg Oliver
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-02-18
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 767-779
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- OpenAlex
- W2098390402
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide antibiotics, aquatic toxicity, environmental risk assessment, predicted no-effect concentration, pharmaceutical sales data, environmental fate, chronic ecotoxicity, Europe
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, Fresh Water, Humans, Sulfamethoxazole, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Risk Assessment, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level, Aquatic Organisms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
