Poly- and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Air and Water from Dhaka, Bangladesh
Open accessAbstract
Bangladesh hosts extensive textile manufacturing, for some of which per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have been used to impart water and dirt repellency, among other things. Textile waste emissions to the atmosphere and discharge into rivers and other bodies of water could present a significant concern for human and ecosystem health, but there is little information on PFAS in Bangladesh. To assess the presence of ionic PFAS and their precursors in air and water from Dhaka, Bangladesh, polyethylene sheets were deployed for 28 days as passive samplers for neutral PFAS in outdoor air and water, while ionic PFAS were measured from discrete water grabs. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were detected at almost all sites in air and water; the most frequently detected compound was 6:2 FTOH, ranging from below instrumental detection limits (<IDL) to 70 ng m−3 in air and from <IDL to −19 ng L−1 in water. Of the ionic PFAS, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid dominated in frequency of detection and magnitude, with concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 19.0 ng L−1 in surface waters. The prevalence of 6:2 FTOH and PFBA across sites probably reflects their use in textile manufacturing and could indicate the industry's switch to shorter-chain PFAS alternatives. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:334–342. © 2021 SETAC Abstract Concentration of PFAS in air and water from Dhaka Bangladesh during winter (January–March) of 2020. Water concentrations were obtained from discrete water grabs, while air concentrations were derived from polyethylene (PE) passive sampling. FTS = fluorotelomer sulfonate; PFCA = perfluorocarboxylic acid; PFSA = perfluorosulfonic acid.
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In eight river samples in Bangladesh, FTOH represented a median of 2% of the total PFAS (range 0.9-34%).
“In the 16 urban river samples in China 34 and eight river samples in Bangladesh 33 , FTOH represented a median of 53% of the total PFAS (range of 46 to 62%) and 2% (ranging from 0.9 to 34%), respectively.”
From Underestimated burden of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in global surface waters and groundwaters (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
The Materials and Methods section reports eight water grab samples, and Results and Discussion > Neutral PFAS reports FTOH in water. Our copy does not report a median FTOH share of total PFAS of 2% or a range of 0.9–34%; it also describes sampling sites that include lakes, not only rivers. Page numbers are unavailable in the indexed copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Morales-McDevitt, M. E., Dunn, M., Habib, A., Vojta, S., Becanova, J., & Lohmann, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- University of Dhaka (BD)
- Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett Rhode Island USA
- Corresponding author
- Lohmann, Rainer
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-11-18
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 334-342
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- PMC
- PMC9558080
- OpenAlex
- W3211523182
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR (OIA-1655221)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES027706)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer sulfonates, perfluorocarboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonic acid, textile industry, passive air sampling, water pollution, Dhaka
- MeSH terms
- Bangladesh, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Ecosystem
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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