Cited by 111Retinal Development and DisordersRetinal Diseases and TreatmentsGlaucoma and retinal disorders

Mitogen-activated protein kinase-signaling regulates the ability of Müller glia to proliferate and protect retinal neurons against excitotoxicity

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Fischer, Andy J., Scott, Melissa A., Ritchey, Eric R., Sherwood, Patrick·2009·Glia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways protect retinal neurons against excitotoxicity and regulate the proliferation of Müller glia. We found that intraocular injections of insulin or FGF2 had variable effects upon the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and CREB, and the expression of immediate early genes, cFos and Egr1. Accumulations of pERK1/2, p38 MAPK, pCREB, cFos and Egr1 in response to insulin or FGF2 were confined to Müller glia, whereas retinal neurons did not seem to respond to growth factors. Unlike FGF2, insulin stimulated microglia‐like cells to upregulate the intermediate filament transitin and lysosomal membrane glycoprotein (LMG). With microglia‐like cells and Müller glia stimulated by insulin or FGF2 there were profound effects upon numbers of dying neurons in response to excitotoxic damage. Although FGF2 significantly reduced numbers of dying neurons, insulin significantly increased numbers of dying neurons. In addition to neuroprotective affects, FGF2 also “primed” the Müller glia to proliferate following retinal damage, whereas insulin had no effect upon glial proliferation. Further, we found that FGF receptor isoform 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR3 were prominently expressed in the retina, whereas the insulin receptor and FGFR2 are not expressed, or are expressed at very low levels. We conclude that MAPK‐signaling through FGF receptors stimulates Müller glia to become more neuroprotective and progenitor‐like, whereas insulin acting on Müller and microglia‐like cells through unidentified receptors had the opposite effect. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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  • MG are primarily responsive to intra-ocular insulin with increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38.

    “Additionally, MG are primarily responsive to intra-ocular insulin with increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 [ 77 ].”

    From MAPK Pathways in Ocular Pathophysiology: Potential Therapeutic Drugs and Challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

    The Results section on insulin and MAPK signaling reports increased pERK1/2 in Müller glia after intraocular insulin. It also reports no increase in p38 MAPK after insulin treatment; the Discussion distinguishes this response from the p38 response to FGF2. Thus the ERK1/2 part is supported, but the attributed p38 increase is contradicted. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Fischer AJ 2005 Neural regeneration in the chick retina Prog Retin Eye Res 24 2 161 82 15610972

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Authors
Fischer, A. J., Scott, M. A., Ritchey, E. R., & Sherwood, P.
Affiliations
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author
Fischer, Andy J.
Venue
Glia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-03-20
Volume
57
Issue
14
Pages
1538-1552
ISSN
  • 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-1136
OpenAlex
W1998523437
Cited by
111
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Glia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Eye Institute (R01EY016043, EY016043)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Keywords
Müller cells, retinal neurons, excitotoxicity, neuroprotection, MAPK signaling, insulin, fibroblast growth factor 2, FGF receptor 1, FGF receptor 3, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, CREB, c-fos, EGR1, microglia-like cells, lysosomal membrane glycoprotein, glial cell proliferation, retinal damage
MeSH terms
Animals, Chickens, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Insulin, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuroglia, Neurotoxins, Phosphorylation, Retina, Signal Transduction, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Cell Death, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor, MAP Kinase Signaling System, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Cell Proliferation, Early Growth Response Protein 1, Lysosomal Membrane Proteins, Retinal Neurons, Nestin

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