Progesterone and nestorone promote myelin regeneration in chronic demyelinating lesions of corpus callosum and cerebral cortex: Progesterone Receptor and Myelin Repair
Open accessAbstract
Multiple Sclerosis affects mainly women and consists in intermittent or chronic damages to the myelin sheaths, focal inflammation, and axonal degeneration. Current therapies are limited to immunomodulators and antiinflammatory drugs, but there is no efficient treatment for stimulating the endogenous capacity of myelin repair. Progesterone and synthetic progestins have been shown in animal models of demyelination to attenuate myelin loss, reduce clinical symptoms severity, modulate inflammatory responses and partially reverse the age-dependent decline in remyelination. Moreover, progesterone has been demonstrated to promote myelin formation in organotypic cultures of cerebellar slices. In the present study, we show that progesterone and the synthetic 19-nor-progesterone derivative Nestorone® promote the repair of severe chronic demyelinating lesions induced by feeding cuprizone to female mice for up to 12 weeks. Progesterone and Nestorone increase the density of NG2(+) oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and CA II(+) mature oligodendrocytes and enhance the formation of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-immunoreactive myelin. However, while demyelination in response to cuprizone was less marked in corpus callosum than in cerebral cortex, remyelination appeared earlier in the former. The remyelinating effect of progesterone was progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent, as it was absent in PR-knockout mice. Progesterone and Nestorone also decreased (but did not suppress) neuroinflammatory responses, specifically astrocyte and microglial cell activation. Therefore, some progestogens are promising therapeutic candidates for promoting the regeneration of myelin.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Administration of progesterone promotes myelin regeneration in chronic demyelinated lesions in the corpus callosum of mice after cuprizone feeding.
“and recently, the same group has shown that administration of progesterone promotes myelin regeneration in chronic demyelinated lesions in the corpus callosum of mice after being fed with cuprizone51.”
From Tamoxifen accelerates the repair of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit pleiotropic reproductive abnormalities.Preprint
Lydon, J. P., DeMayo, F. J., Funk, C. R., Mani, S. K., Hughes, A. R., Montgomery, C. A., Shyamala, G., Conneely, O. M., & O’Malley, B. W. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.18.2266 · Cited by 1,862 · see citing works
Matsushima, G. K., & Morell, P. (2001) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00385.x · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Axon-Glial Signaling and the Glial Support of Axon Function
Nave, K., & Trapp, B. D. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094309 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axonal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Friese, M. A., Schattling, B., & Fugger, L. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.37 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
ProTECT: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Wright, D. W., Kellermann, A. L., Hertzberg, V., Clark, P. L., Frankel, M., Goldstein, F. C., Salomone, J. P., Dent, L. L., Harris, O. A., Ander, D. S., et al. (2006) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.932 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
The cuprizone animal model: new insights into an old story
Kipp, M., Clarner, T., Dang, J., Copray, S., & Beyer, C. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0591-3 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Progesterone synthesis and myelin formation by Schwann cells
Koenig, H. L., Schumacher, M., Ferzaz, B., Thi, A. N. D., Ressouches, A., Guennoun, R., Jung-Testas, I., Robel, P., Akwa, Y., & Baulieu, E.-E. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7770777 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationXiao, G., Wei, J., Yan, W., Wang, W., & Lu, Z. (2008) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6887 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Steroid hormone receptor expression and function in microglia
Sierra, A., Gottfried‐Blackmore, A., Milner, T. A., McEwen, B. S., & Bulloch, K. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20644 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Multi-functional drugs for various CNS targets in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
Youdim, M. B. H., & Buccafusco, J. J. (2004) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.11.007 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Suppression of programmed neuronal death by sustained elevation of cytoplasmic calcium
Franklin, J. L., & Johnson, E. M. (1992) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(92)90103-f · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Schumacher, M., Mattern, C., Ghoumari, A. M., Oudinet, J., Lière, P., Labombarda, F., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Nicola, A. F. D., & Guennoun, R. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.004 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationCortical lesion load associates with progression of disability in multiple sclerosis.
Calabrese, M., Poretto, V., Favaretto, A., Alessio, S., Bernardi, V., Romualdi, C., Rinaldi, F., Perini, P., & Gallo, P. (2012) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/aws246 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Kotter, M. R., Zhao, C., van Rooijen, N., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2005) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.019 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Measurement and clinical effect of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis.
Geurts, J., Calabrese, M., Fisher, E., & Rudick, R. (2012) · Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70230-2 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline
Popovic, N., Schubart, A., Goetz, B. D., Zhang, S., Linington, C., & Duncan, I. D. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10092 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Ghoumari, A. M., Ibanez, C., El‐Etr, M., Leclerc, P., Eychenne, B., O’Malley, B. W., Baulieu, E. E., & Schumacher, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01881.x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationCan the immune system be harnessed to repair the CNS?
Popovich, P. G., & Longbrake, E. E. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2398 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis
Franklin, R. J. M., ffrench‐Constant, C., Edgar, J. M., & Smith, K. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.200 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Cortical Demyelination Is Prominent in the Murine Cuprizone Model and Is Strain-Dependent
Skripuletz, T., Lindner, M., Kotsiari, A., Garde, N., Fokuhl, J., Linsmeier, F., Trebst, C., & Stangel, M. (2008) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2008.070850 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis
Calabrese, M., Filippi, M., & Gallo, P. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.93 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Circulating hormones and estrous stage predict cellular and stromal remodeling in murine uterus
Wood, G. A., Fata, J. E., Watson, K. L. M., & Khokha, R. (2007) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-06-0302 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Progestin receptor levels in rat hypothalamic and limbic nuclei
Parsons, B., Rainbow, T. C., MacLusky, N. J., & McEwen, B. (1982) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.02-10-01446.1982 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor-α in astrocytes
Spence, R. D., Hamby, M. E., Umeda, E. A., Itoh, N., Du, S., Wisdom, A. J., Cao, Y., Bondar, G., Lam, J., Ao, Y., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1103833108 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
<i>Olig</i> gene function in CNS development and disease
Ligon, K. L., Fancy, S. P. J., Franklin, R. J. M., & Rowitch, D. H. (2006) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20273 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Mason, J. L., Toews, A., Hostettler, J. D., Morell, P., Suzuki, K., Goldman, J. E., & Matsushima, G. K. (2004) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63726-1 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Progesterone as a neuroprotective factor in traumatic and ischemic brain injury
Sayeed, I., & Stein, D. G. (2009) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(09)17515-5 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
DeBoy, C. A., Zhang, J., Dike, S., Shats, I., Jones, M., Reich, D. S., Mori, S., Nguyen, T., Rothstein, B. D., Miller, R. H., et al. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm122 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Ács, P., Kipp, M., Norkutė, A., Johann, S., Clarner, T., Braun, A., Berente, Z., Komoly, S., & Beyer, C. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20806 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Sakamoto, H., Ukena, K., & Tsutsui, K. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-06221.2001 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Progesterone for the treatment of experimental brain injury; a systematic review
Gibson, C. L., Gray, L. J., Bath, P. M., & Murphy, S. P. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm183 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Nestorone®: a progestin with a unique pharmacological profile
Kumar, N. (2000) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00119-7 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationStem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: current status and future prospects
the Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis (STEMS) Consensus Group, Martino, G., Franklin, R. J. M., Evercooren, A. B., & Kerr, D. A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.35 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The neural androgen receptor: a therapeutic target for myelin repair in chronic demyelination
Hussain, R., Ghoumari, A. M., Bielecki, B., Steibel, J., Boehm, N., Lière, P., Macklin, W. B., Kumar, N., Habert, R., Mhaouty‐Kodja, S., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws284 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationThe use of newer progestins for contraception
Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Nath, A. (2010) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.004 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationHow factors secreted from astrocytes impact myelin repair
Moore, C. S., Abdullah, S. L., Brown, A. D., Arulpragasam, A. R., & Crocker, S. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22482 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Harsan, L. A., Steibel, J., Zaremba, A., Agin, A., Sapin, R., Poulet, P., Guignard, B., Parizel, N., Grucker, D., Boehm, N., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4453-08.2008 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Polanczyk, M. J., Zamora, A., Subramanian, S., Matejuk, A., Hess, D. L., Blankenhorn, E. P., Teuscher, C., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63516-x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Warembourg, M., Jolivet, A., & Milgröm, E. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91561-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Gofflot, F., Chartoire, N., Vasseur, L., Heikkinen, S., Dembélé, D., Merrer, J. L., & Auwerx, J. H. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.012 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Ismail, P. M., Li, J., DeMayo, F. J., O’Malley, B. W., & Lydon, J. P. (2002) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2002-0169 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Progesterone neuroprotection in traumatic CNS injury and motoneuron degeneration
Nicola, A. F. D., Labombarda, F., Deniselle, M. C. G., González, S. L., Garay, L. I., Meyer, M., Gargiulo, G., Guennoun, R., & Schumacher, M. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.03.001 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationProgesterone Receptor Function from a Behavioral Perspective
Mani, S. K., Blaustein, J. D., & O’Malley, B. W. (1997) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1997.1393 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Multiple Sclerosis
van der Star, B. J., Vogel, D. Y. S., Kipp, M., Puentes, F., Baker, D., & Amor, S. (2012) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152712801661284 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Effects of progesterone in the spinal cord of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Garay, L. I., Deniselle, M. C. G., Lima, A. E., Roig, P., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2007) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.03.040 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Lindner, M., Fokuhl, J., Linsmeier, F., Trebst, C., & Stangel, M. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.004 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Wang, C., Dehghani, B., Li, Y., Kaler, L. J., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2008) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03051.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Ibanez, C., Shields, S. A., El‐Etr, M., Baulieu, E. E., Schumacher, M., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2003) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.0305-1846.2003.00515.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationEndogenous cell repair of chronic demyelination
Armstrong, R. C., Le, T. Q., Flint, N. C., Vana, A. C., & Zhou, Y.-X. (2006) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000205142.08716.7e · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Progesterone Receptors: A Key for Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke
Liu, A., Margaill, I., Zhang, S., Labombarda, F., Coqueran, B., Delespierre, B., Lière, P., Marchand‐Leroux, C., O’Malley, B. W., Lydon, J. P., et al. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1138 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationProgesterone and Nestorone Facilitate Axon Remyelination: A Role for Progesterone Receptors
Hussain, R., El-Etr, M., Gaci, O., Rakotomamonjy, J., Macklin, W. B., Kumar, N., Sitruk-Ware, R., Schumacher, M., & Ghoumari, A. M. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1219 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, L. C., Gilmore, W., Ting, J. P. ‐., & Matsushima, G. K. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22215 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Yates, M. A., Li, Y., Chlebeck, P. J., Proctor, T., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.01.013 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Labombarda, F., González, S. L., Lima, A. E., Roig, P., Guennoun, R., Schumacher, M., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20814 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationEstrogen-inducible progesterone receptor in primary cultures of rat glial cells
Jung‐Testas, I., Renoir, J., Gasc, J., & Baulieu, E. E. (1991) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(91)90532-y · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Blaustein, J. D., & Turcotte, J. C. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91219-5 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Allopregnanolone: State of the art
Melcangi, R. C., & Panzica, G. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.005 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Liu, L., Zhao, L., She, H., Chen, S., Wang, J. M., Wong, C., McClure, K., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Brinton, R. D. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0005 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationKhalaj, A. J., Yoon, J., Nakai, J., Winchester, Z., Moore, S. M., Yoo, T., Martinez‐Torres, L., Kumar, S., Itoh, N., & Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1311763110 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ultrastructural localization of extranuclear progestin receptors in the rat hippocampal formation
Waters, E. M., Torres-Reverón, A., McEwen, B. S., & Milner, T. A. (2008) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21826 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Gain‐of‐Function of Olig Transcription Factors Enhances Oligodendrogenesis and Myelination
Maire, C., Wegener, A., Kerninon, C., & Oumesmar, B. N. (2010) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.480 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
A critical appraisal of treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis—old versus new
Kieseier, B. C., & Stüve, O. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.41 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Geldenhuys, W. J., & der Schyf, C. J. V. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2013.744746 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Neuroprotective Effects of Progesterone in Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Giatti, S., Caruso, D., Boraso, M., Abbiati, F., Ballarini, E., Calabrese, D., Pesaresi, M., Rigolio, R., Santos‐Galindo, M., Viviani, B., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02284.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Beneficial Effects of Minocycline on Cuprizone Induced Cortical Demyelination
Skripuletz, T., Miller, E., Moharregh-Khiabani, D., Blank, A., Pul, R., Gudi, V., Trebst, C., & Stangel, M. (2010) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-010-0202-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Is progesterone a worthy candidate as a novel therapy for traumatic brain injury?
Stein, D. G. (2011) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2011.13.2/dstein · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Yu, H., Fei, J., Chen, X.-S., Cai, Q., Liu, H., Liu, G., & Yao, Z. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.079 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Garay, L., Tüngler, V., Deniselle, M. C. G., Lima, A., Roig, P., & Nicola, A. D. D. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.065 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fraser, I. S., Weisberg, E., Kumar, N., Kumar, S., Humberstone, A., McCrossin, L. E., Shaw, D., Tsong, Y. Y., & Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2007) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationBastida, C. M., Tejada, F., Cremades, A., & Peñafiel, R. (2002) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00191-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regenerating CNS myelin — from mechanisms to experimental medicines
Franklin, R. J. M., & ffrench-Constant, C. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.136 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Brites, D., & Fernandes, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00476 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
“Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the chronic mild stress (CMS) rodent animal, a model of depression, showed demyelination signs at the bilateral frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, which revealed to be associated with brain oedema and inflammation (El-Etr et al., 2015).”
BackgroundRole of Estrogen and Other Sex Hormones in Brain Aging. Neuroprotection and DNA Repair
Zárate, S., Stevnsner, T., & Gredilla, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00430 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Neurosteroids as regulators of neuroinflammation
Yılmaz, C., Karali, K., Fodelianaki, G., Gravanis, A., Chavakis, T., Charalampopoulos, I., & Alexaki, V. I. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100788 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Progesterone in the Brain: Hormone, Neurosteroid and Neuroprotectant
Guennoun, R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21155271 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Unexpected central role of the androgen receptor in the spontaneous regeneration of myelin
Bielecki, B., Mattern, C., Ghoumari, A. M., Javaid, S., Śmietanka, K., Abi‐Ghanem, C., Mhaouty‐Kodja, S., Ghandour, M. S., Baulieu, É.-É., Franklin, R. J. M., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1614826113 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroactive steroids, neurosteroidogenesis and sex
Giatti, S., García‐Segura, L. M., Barreto, G. E., & Melcangi, R. C. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
From Menopause to Neurodegeneration—Molecular Basis and Potential Therapy
Cheng, Y., Lin, C., & Lane, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168654 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Melcangi, R. C., Giatti, S., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.023 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Progesterone neuroprotection: The background of clinical trial failure
Schumacher, M., Denier, C., Oudinet, J., Adams, D., & Guennoun, R. (2015) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.010 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationNuzzi, R., & Caselgrandi, P. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063269 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cholinergic signaling in myelination
Fields, R. D., Dutta, D. J., Belgrad, J., & Robnett, M. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23101 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tamoxifen accelerates the repair of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system
Gonzalez, G. A., Hofer, M. P., Syed, Y. A., Amaral, A. I., Rundle, J., Rahman, S., Zhao, C., & Kotter, M. R. N. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31599 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“…slices after lysolecithin-induced demyelination showed an increase in remyelination 50 and recently, the same group has shown that administration of progesterone promotes myelin regeneration in chronic demyelinated lesions in the corpus callosum of mice after being fed with cuprizone 51 .”
BackgroundSeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis
Gilli, F., DiSano, K. D., & Pachner, A. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00616 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kim, Y. J., Soto, M., Branigan, G. L., Rodgers, K. E., & Brinton, R. D. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12174 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sex Hormones and Optic Nerve Disorders: A Review
Nuzzi, R., Scalabrin, S., Becco, A., & Panzica, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00057 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Neurosteroidogenesis and progesterone anti‐inflammatory/neuroprotective effects
Nicola, A. F. D., Garay, L. I., Meyer, M., Guennoun, R., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Schumacher, M., & Deniselle, M. C. G. (2017) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12502 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationPletzer, B., Winkler-Crepaz, K., & Hillerer, K. (2023) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101060 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Ghoumari, A. M., Abi‐Ghanem, C., Asbelaoui, N., Schumacher, M., & Hussain, R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21093163 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationFan, H., Chen, L.-X., Qu, X., Ren, C., Wu, X., Dong, F., Zhang, B., Gao, D., & Yao, R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41407 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sex effects on inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis
Ramien, C., Taenzer, A., Lupu, A., Heckmann, N., Engler, J. B., Patas, K., Friese, M. A., & Gold, S. M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.015 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The other side of progestins: effects in the brain.
Giatti, S., Melcangi, R., & Pesaresi, M. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-16-0061 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair
Breton, J., Long, K. L. P., Barraza, M., Perloff, O. S., & Kaufer, D. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11020290 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sex differences in steroid levels and steroidogenesis in the nervous system: Physiopathological role
Giatti, S., Diviccaro, S., Serafini, M. M., Caruso, D., García‐Segura, L. M., Viviani, B., & Melcangi, R. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100804 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Role of Sex Hormones in Multiple Sclerosis
Avila, M., Bansal, A., Culberson, J. W., & Peiris, A. N. (2018) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000494262 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Liu, S., Ren, C., Qu, X., Wu, X., Dong, F., Chand, Y. K., Fan, H., Yao, R., & Geng, D. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13485 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kumar, N., Fagart, J., Lière, P., Mitchell, S. J., Knibb, A. R., Petit-Topin, I., Rame, M., El‐Etr, M., Schumacher, M., Lambert, J. J., et al. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1426 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationLabombarda, F., Jure, I., González, S. L., Lima, A. E., Roig, P., Guennoun, R., Schumacher, M., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2015) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSchumacher, M., Guennoun, R., Mattern, C., Oudinet, J., Labombarda, F., Nicola, A. F. D., & Lière, P. (2015) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2015.08.013 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationBoghozian, R., McKenzie, B., Saito, L. B., Mehta, N., Branton, W. G., Lu, J., Baker, G. B., Noorbakhsh, F., & Power, C. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23179 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Progesterone and fetal-neonatal neuroprotection
Schumacher, M., Lière, P., & Ghoumari, A. M. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.09.001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationSchwarz, K. G., Vicencio, S. C., Inestrosa, N. C., Villaseca, P., & Del Rio, R. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp285126 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sex Steroids, Adult Neurogenesis, and Inflammation in CNS Homeostasis, Degeneration, and Repair
Larson, T. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00205 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
González, S. L., Coronel, M. F., Raggio, M. C., & Labombarda, F. (2019) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108525 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Meyer, M., Deniselle, M. C. G., Garay, L. I., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Guennoun, R., Schumacher, M., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, X., Fréchou, M., Schumacher, M., & Guennoun, R. (2018) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.014 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationProgress in progestin-based therapies for neurological disorders
Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Bonsack, B., Brinton, R. D., Schumacher, M., Kumar, N., Lee, J.-Y., Castelli, V., Corey, S., Coats, A. B., Sadanandan, N., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, S., Wang, T., Yao, J., & Brinton, R. D. (2020) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00874-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Intestinal Flora Affect Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Endogenous Hormones
Wu, Y., Hang, Z., Tong, L., & Du, H. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03784-w · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zendedel, A., Kashani, I. R., Azimzadeh, M., Pasbakhsh, P., Omidi, N., Golestani, A., Beyer, C., & Clarner, T. (2016) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-015-9781-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bonetto, G., Charalampopoulos, I., Gravanis, A., & Karagogeos, D. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23170 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Progesterone Effects in the Nervous System
Theis, V., & Theiß, C. (2019) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24121 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kipp, M., Hochstrasser, T., Schmitz, C., & Beyer, C. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.016 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Progesterone attenuates Th17-cell pathogenicity in autoimmune uveitis via Id2/Pim1 axis
Liu, X.-X., Gu, C.-Y., Lv, J., Jiang, Q., Ding, W., Huang, Z.-H., Liu, Y., Su, Y., Zhang, C., Xu, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02829-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Paving the way for adequate myelination: The contribution of galectin‐3, transferrin and iron
Franco, P. G., Pasquini, L. A., Pérez, M. J., Rosato‐Siri, M. V., Silvestroff, L., & Pasquini, J. M. (2015) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Manousi, A., Göttle, P., Reiche, L., Cui, Q., Healy, L. M., Akkermann, R., Gruchot, J., Schira‐Heinen, J., Antel, J. P., Hartung, H.-P., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103276 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Progesterone: Synthesis, Metabolism, Mechanism of Action, and Effects in the Nervous System
Schumacher, M., Zhu, X., & Guennoun, R. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00054-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationCermenati, G., Giatti, S., Audano, M., Pesaresi, M., Spezzano, R., Caruso, D., Mitro, N., & Melcangi, R. C. (2017) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.02.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Liu, C., Gao, W., Zhao, L., & Cao, Y. L. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203954 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pradilla, G., Barrow, J., Turan, N., Wangmo, P., & Roy, A. (2018) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.4103/sni.sni_88_18 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gutzeit, O., Segal, L., Korin, B., Iluz, R., Khatib, N., Dabbah‐Assadi, F., Ginsberg, Y., Fainaru, O., Ross, M. G., Weiner, Z., et al. (2021) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-020-01390-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
White matter alterations in Williams syndrome related to behavioral and motor impairments
Nir, A., & Barak, B. (2020) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23868 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Changes in neurosteroidogenesis during demyelination and remyelination in cuprizone‐treated mice
Leicaj, M. L., Pasquini, L. A., Lima, A. E., Deniselle, M. C. G., Pasquini, J. M., Nicola, A. F. D., & Garay, L. I. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12649 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sexual Dimorphism in Neurodegenerative Diseases and in Brain Ischemia
Zalewska, T., Pawelec, P., Ziąbska, K., & Ziemka‐Nałęcz, M. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13010026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kaufhold, C. J., Mani, K. K., Akbari, Z., & Sohrabji, F. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.06.026 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Turan, N., Miller, B. A., Huie, J. R., Heider, R. A., Wang, J., Wali, B., Yousuf, S., Ferguson, A. R., Sayeed, I., Stein, D. G., et al. (2017) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.118 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Updated Perspectives on the Challenges of Managing Multiple Sclerosis During Pregnancy
Villaverde-González, R. (2022) · Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease · doi:10.2147/dnnd.s203406 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Updated Perspectives on the Challenges of Managing Multiple Sclerosis During Pregnancy
Villaverde-González, R. (2022) · Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Progesterone effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation in injured spinal cord
Jure, I., Nicola, A. F. D., & Labombarda, F. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Non-clinical studies of progesterone
Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2018) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1463982 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationNuclear hormone receptors in demyelinating diseases
Zorrilla-Veloz, R. I., McKenzie, T., Palacios, B. E., & HU, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13171 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Garay, L. I., Paula, G. G., Guennoun, R., Schumacher, M., Deniselle, M. C. G., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, J.-Y., Castelli, V., Kumar, N., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Borlongan, C. V. (2022) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationTanaka, M., Ogaeri, T., MIu, S., & Sokabe, M. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.022 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chen, S., Kumar, N., Mao, Z., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Brinton, R. D. (2018) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001135 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences in the cerebroprotection by Nestorone intranasal delivery following stroke in mice
Fréchou, M., Zhu, X., Kumar, N., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Schumacher, M., Mattern, C., & Guennoun, R. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108760 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationDrug Repurposing in Neurological Disorders: Implications for Neurotherapy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Shakkour, Z., Habashy, K. J., Berro, M., Takkoush, S., Abdelhady, S., Koleilat, N., Eid, A. H., Zibara, K., Obeid, M., Shear, D., et al. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420961078 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Demyelination-Induced Inflammation Attracts Newly Born Neurons to the White Matter
Kalakh, S., & Mouihate, A. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0127-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Progesterone effects on the oligodendrocyte linage: all roads lead to the progesterone receptor
Labombarda, F., Jure, I., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2019) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.262570 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Altinoz, M. A., Nalbantoglu, J. N., Özpınar, A., Özcan, M. E., Maestro, R. F. D., & Elmacı, İ. (2018) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.07.012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Yang, J., & Liu, C. Q. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bardy-Lagarde, M., Asbelaoui, N., Schumacher, M., & Ghoumari, A. M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26104752 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationHe, Q., Wu, K. C. H., Bennett, A. N., Fan, B., Liu, J., Huang, R., Kong, A. P. S., Tian, X. Y., Kwok, M. K., & Chan, K. H. K. (2022) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/s41397-023-00302-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nestorone®, a 19nor‐progesterone derivative boosts remyelination in an animal model of demyelination
El‐Etr, M., Akwa, Y., Rame, M., Schumacher, M., & Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2020) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13538 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationNestorone (segesterone acetate) effects on neuroregeneration
Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Sussman, H., Brinton, R. D., Schumacher, M., Singer, P., Kumar, N., Nicola, A. F. D., El‐Etr, M., Guennoun, R., & Borlongan, C. V. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101136 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on Myelin in Health and Disease
Kalakh, S., & Mouihate, A. (2024) · Medical Principles and Practice · doi:10.1159/000537794 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Barbuti, E., Piervincenzi, C., Ruggieri, S., & Petracca, M. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15101097 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tuazon, J. P., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Borlongan, C. V. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10.014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Sex Steroids on Damaged Neural Systems
Stein, D. G. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00110-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tremolanti, C., Angeloni, E., Pozzo, E. D., Germelli, L., Giacomelli, C., Scalzi, E., Taliani, S., Settimo, F. D., Mensah‐Nyagan, A. G., Martini, C., et al. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167174 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Revisiting the role of sexual hormones in the demyelinated central nervous system
Traiffort, É., Kassoussi, A., & Zahaf, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101172 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tanaka, M., Sokabe, M., Nakanishi, K., & Asai, M. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110411 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Neuroimmunologic disorders in pregnancy
Levin, S. N., Rimmer, K., & Vargas, W. S. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00006-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Probe, R. A. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Menstrual cycle-related changes in the human brain
Pletzer, B. A., Comasco, E., Hidalgo‐Lopez, E., Kimmig, A.-C. S., Poromaa, I. S., & Derntl, B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00151-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sex steroids, neurosteroidogenesis, and inflammation in multiple sclerosis and related animal models
Garay, L. I., Meyer, M., Guennoun, R., Schumacher, M., Deniselle, M. C. G., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2021) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2021.100286 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAbe, J., Jafarpour, S., Vu, M. H., O’Brien, D., Boyd, N. K., Vogel, B. N., Nguyen, L., Paulsen, K. C., Saucier, L. E., Ahsan, N., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1304610 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Is it time to conduct phase 3 clinical trials of sex hormones in MS – Commentary
Dubessy, A., & Stankoff, B. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458518786071 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meknatkhah, S., Mousavi, M., Dashti, P. S., Pormehr, L. A., & Riazi, G. H. (2021) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-021-00708-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Pregnancy and Hormones on T cell Immune Regulation in Multiple Sclerosis
Hellberg, S. (2019) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-161091 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Guo, T., Zhang, J., Xu, X., Liu, D., Jia, G., Liu, X., & Xie, H. (2025) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000004574 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, P., Song, X., Wang, Q., Yang, M., Xu, H.-Y., Xu, M.-Y., & Wu, Y.-J. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14010007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quantitative Study of the Effect of Progesterone on the Diabetic Sural Nerves in Rats
Altaf, F. M. N. (2017) · Pakistan Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3923/pjn.2017.906.913 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kawadkar, M., Mandloi, A. S., Singh, N., Mukharjee, R., & Dhote, V. V. (2022) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-021-02187-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
RetractedWomen in the field of multiple sclerosis: How they contributed to paradigm shifts
Barateiro, A. P., Barros, C., Pinto, M. V., Ribeiro, A. R., Alberro, A., & Fernandes, A. M. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1087745 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neuroprotection and Recovery in Multiple Sclerosis
Muresanu, D. F., Balea, M., Roșu, O. V., Buzoianu, A. D., & Slăvoacă, D. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/63829 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Œstrogènes, traitement hormonal, et vieillissement
Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2015) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)30978-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationTuazon, J. P., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Borlongan, C. V. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.038 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroactive Steroids and Neuroinflammation
Giatti, S., & Melcangi, R. C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801914-6.00014-3
Population Briefs, Vol. 21, no. 1
Population Council (2015) · doi:10.31899/pb1.1038
- Authors
- El-Etr, M., Rame, M., Boucher, C., Ghoumari, A. M., Kumar, N., Liere, P., Pianos, A., Schumacher, M., & Sitruk-Ware, R.
- Affiliations
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud; 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Inserm (FR)
- Population Council (US)
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-08-04
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 104-117
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4237628
- OpenAlex
- W1494051921
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- progesterone, Nestorone, remyelination, demyelination, multiple sclerosis, cuprizone, corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, oligodendrocytes, myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, progesterone receptor, neuroinflammation, astrocyte activation, microglial activation, progestogens
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Callosum, Cuprizone, Demyelinating Diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Myelin Basic Protein, Female, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Sheath, Oligodendroglia, Progesterone, Stem Cells, Mice, Knockout, Myelin Proteolipid Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review