Cited by 241Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

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How microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity

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Umpierre, Anthony D., Wu, Long‐Jun·2021·Glia

DOI 10.1002/glia.23961PMC PMC8113084

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Abstract

Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system that sense extracellular cues. Brain injuries, inflammation, and pathology evoke dynamic structural responses in microglia, altering their morphology and motility. The dynamic motility of microglia is hypothesized to be a critical first step in sensing local alterations and engaging in pattern-specific responses. Alongside their pathological responses, microglia also sense and regulate neuronal activity. In this review, we consider the extracellular molecules, receptors, and mechanisms that allow microglia to sense neuronal activity changes under both hypoactivity and hyperactivity. We also highlight emerging in vivo evidence that microglia regulate neuronal activity, ranging from physiological to pathophysiological conditions. In addition, we discuss the emerging role of calcium signaling in microglial responses to the extracellular environment. The dynamic function of microglia in monitoring and influencing neuronal activity may be critical for brain homeostasis and circuit modification in health and disease.

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Authors: Umpierre, A. D., & Wu, L.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Wu, Long‐Jun
ORCID: Umpierre, Anthony D.
Wu, Long‐Jun
Venue: Glia
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-12-28
Volume: 69
Issue: 7
Pages: 1637-1653
ISSN: 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
1098-1136
DOI: 10.1002/glia.23961
PMC: PMC8113084
OpenAlex: W3115061260
Cited by: 237
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 14
FWCI: 2.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Glia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS088627, NS110825, NS110949, NS112144, NS114040)
National Institute on Aging (AG064159)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords: microglia, microglial motility, microglial morphology, microglial receptors, calcium signaling, neuronal hyperactivity, brain homeostasis, neuroinflammation, circuit modification
MeSH terms: Brain, Central Nervous System, Neurons, Microglia, Calcium Signaling

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