Strain and its correlates among carers of people with dementia in low‐income and middle‐income countries. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population‐based survey
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: In a multi‐site population‐based study in several middle‐income countries, we aimed to investigate relative contributions of care arrangements and characteristics of carers and care recipients to strain among carers of people with dementia. Based on previous research, hypotheses focused on carer sex, care inputs, behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and socioeconomic status, together with potential buffering effects of informal support and employing paid carers. Methods: In population‐based catchment area surveys in 11 sites in Latin America, India and China, we analysed data collected from people with dementia and care needs, and their carers. Carer strain was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview. Results: With 673 care recipient/carer dyads interviewed (99% of those eligible), mean Zarit Burden Interview scores ranged between 17.1 and 27.9 by site. Women carers reported more strain than men. The most substantial correlates of carer strain were primary stressors BPSD, dementia severity, needs for care and time spent caring. Socioeconomic status was not associated with carer strain. Those cutting back on work experienced higher strain. There was tentative evidence for a protective effect of having additional informal or paid support. Conclusions: Our findings underline the global impact of caring for a person with dementia and support the need for scaling up carer support, education and training. That giving up work to care was prevalent and associated with substantial increased strain emphasizes the economic impact of caring on the household. Carer benefits, disability benefits for people with dementia and respite care should all be considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Several studies have shown that while caring for a person with a long-term condition or disability may be rewarding, it may also have serious negative effects on the caregivers' physical and mental health.
“Several studies have shown, however, that while caring for a person with a long-term condition or disability may be rewarding, it may also have serious negative effects on the caregivers’ physical and mental health [43, 44].”
From CareACT - internet-based intervention for enhancing the psychological well-being of elderly caregivers - a study protocol of a controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
The Background (page unavailable) says dementia carers may perceive positives while caregiving can be psychologically stressful and physically exhausting. The Results also report an association between carer strain and psychological morbidity. The paper concerns carers of people with dementia, however, and does not establish physical-health effects or extend its findings to all long-term conditions and disabilities. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Prince, M., Brodaty, H., Uwakwe, R., Acosta, D., Ferri, C. P., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Jacob, K., Llibre Rodriguez, J. J., Salas, A., Sosa, A. L., Williams, J. D., Jotheeswaran, A., & Liu, Z.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NG)
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (DO)
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (PE)
- Peking University (CN)
- Christian Medical College, Vellore (IN)
- Facultad de Medicina Finley‐Albarran Medical University of Havana Havana Cuba
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Caracas (VE)
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (MX)
- Voluntary Health Services Hospital (IN)
- Public Health Foundation for India New Delhi India
- Corresponding author
- Prince, Martin
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-03-29
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 670-682
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- PMC
- PMC3504977
- OpenAlex
- W1522622114
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Rockefeller Foundation
- Alzheimer's Association (IIRG–04–1286)
- Wellcome Trust (GR066133, GR08002)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- carer strain, dementia caregiving, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, informal support, professional caregivers, dementia severity, socioeconomic status, respite care, low- and middle-income countries
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, China, Dementia, Female, Humans, Income, India, Latin America, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers
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