The impact of executive function on response to cognitive behavioral therapy in late-life depression: Executive function and CBT response in late-life depression
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Late-life depression (LLD) is a common and debilitating condition among older adults. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has strong empirical support for the treatment of depression in all ages, including in LLD. In teaching patients to identify, monitor, and challenge negative patterns in their thinking, CBT for LLD relies heavily on cognitive processes and, in particular, executive functioning, such as planning, sequencing, organizing, and selectively inhibiting information. It may be that the effectiveness of CBT lies in its ability to train these cognitive areas. METHODS: Participants with LLD completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery before enrolling in CBT. The current study examined the relationship between neuropsychological function prior to treatment and response to CBT. RESULTS: When using three baseline measures of executive functioning that quantify set shifting, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition to predict treatment response, only baseline Wisconsin Card Sort Task performance was associated with a significant drop in depression symptoms after CBT. Specifically, worse performance on the Wisconsin Card Sort Task was associated with better treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CBT, which teaches cognitive techniques for improving psychiatric symptoms, may be especially beneficial in LLD if relative weaknesses in specific areas of executive functioning are present.
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Worse executive functioning was related to better treatment response to CBT among adults with late life depression.
“In contrast, a more recent study reported that worse executive functioning was related to better treatment response to CBT among adults with late life depression.”
From Neuropsychological Functioning and Treatment Outcomes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain. (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Goodkind, M. S., Gallagher-Thompson, D., Thompson, L. W., Kesler, S. R., Anker, L., Flournoy, J., Berman, M. P., Holland, J. M., & O'Hara, R. M.
- Affiliations
- New Mexico VA Health Care System (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- Corresponding author
- O'Hara, Ruth M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-07-30
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 334-339
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7063995
- OpenAlex
- W1579645584
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 7.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- R21 NIMH (19532)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- geriatric depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, executive function, treatment response, set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, older adults, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Executive Function
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