Executive dysfunction and the course of geriatric depression
Abstract
Background Executive dysfunction is common in geriatric depression and persists after improvement of depressive symptoms. This study examined the relationship of executive impairment to the course of depressive symptoms among elderly patients with major depression.Methods A total of 112 nondemented elderly patients with major depression participated in an 8-week citalopram trial at a target daily dose of 40 mg. Executive functions were assessed with the initiation/perseveration subscale of the Dementia Rating Scale and the Stroop Color-Word test. Medical burden was rated with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale.Results Both abnormal initiation/perseveration and abnormal Stroop Color-Word scores were associated with an unfavorable response of geriatric depression to citalopram. In particular, initiation/perseveration scores below the median (< or =35) and Stroop scores at the lowest quartile (< or =22) predicted limited change in depressive symptoms. Impairment in other Dementia Rating Scale cognitive domains did not significantly influence the outcome of depression.Conclusions Executive dysfunction increases the risk for poor response of geriatric depression to citalopram. Because executive functions require frontostriatal-limbic integrity, this observation provides the rationale for investigation of the role of specific frontostriatal-limbic pathways in perpetuating geriatric depression. Depressed elderly patients with executive dysfunction require vigilant clinical attention because they might be at risk to fail treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressant.
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Response inhibition predicts 8-week and 4-month treatment response.
“One study found response inhibition to predict 8-week treatment (22–23) and 4-month treatment response (24)”
From Neurocognitive Correlates of Response to Treatment in Late-Life Depression (2008) · cites this paper as [23]
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Ecosystem focused therapy in poststroke depression: a preliminary study
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Cognitive Deficits in Geriatric Depression
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- Authors
- Alexopoulos, G. S., Kiosses, D. N., Heo, M., Murphy, C. F., Shanmugham, B., & Gunning-Dixon, F.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alexopoulos, George S.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 204-210
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2030120831
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 9.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH068638, R01-MH51842, R01MH042819, R01MH065653)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- executive dysfunction, geriatric depression, citalopram, treatment response prediction, Stroop task, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, medical burden, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Demography, Depression, Female, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Time Factors, Citalopram, Geriatric Assessment, Multivariate Analysis
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